Digital Comics Research Articles

“It Never Hurts to Keep Looking for Sunshine”: The Motif of Depression in Works for Children and Youth Inspired by Classical Antiquity

The paper analyzes a handful of works for children and youth that are based on mythology and deal with depression, a topic that is becoming more frequent in contemporary children’s and young adults’ culture, mainly because of the need to break the mental he­alth taboo. These are the newest edition of Laura Orvieto’s Storie di bambini molto antichi (2014, first published in 1937), Rachel Smythe’s digital comics Lore Olympus (2018–2020), Patricia Satjawatcha­raphong’s short animation Reflection (2010), and the webcomic series Therapy created by Anastasia Gorshkova (2019–2020). They provide examples from literary and audio-visual culture for very young re­aders and more adult teenagers and youth, raising the issue of deep sadness utilizing storytelling and not in a didactic way. Some of the protagonists struggling with the problem are far from lively chara­cters in conventional interpretations of the myths (including Hades, Hydra, or Medusa), so the texts play upon stereotypes entrenched in the culture. It appears that children’s works inspired by classical antiquity have significant interpretative potential and educational value – as well as the ability to surprise the audience.

The Use of Digital Comic in Developing Student's English Competence

This current study is aimed to know whether any improvement or not in using digital comics as the media on student’s English competence. The researchers used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design. This research was conducted at Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan and the sample was 42 pharmacist medical students. The instrument that was used to measure students’ English competence was the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). The result of the test was analyzed by using statistical analysis of paired sample t-test. The finding showed that there was significant improvement before and after the treatment, it can be proved by the significant value of the pre and post-test which was 0.000 (2 tailed). Since the significance value (2-tailed) was less than 0.05, it means that the hypotheses of this study were accepted. In other words, the students positively received the use of digital comics for English learning activities. Therefore, digital comics can be assumed as an effective media or tool for enhancing students’ English competence.

Investigating Pre-Service English Teachers’ Perception on the Use of Multimedia in EFL Teaching and Learning Process: Pedagogical Implication

This paper reports on investigating pre-service English teachers’ perceptions on the use of multimedia in EFL teaching and learning process: pedagogically implication. This research aimed to investigate the pre-service English teachers’ perception toward the use of multimedia in EFL teaching and learning process and to observe kind of multimedia are used by the pre-service English teachers’ in EFL teaching and learning process. The participant of this research was the 63 senior students of English Department Galuh University. The questionnaire and interview were the instruments used in this research to collect the data. Survey monkey application was used in analyzing the questionnaire by displaying it into the figure and data interpretation based on the answer from a close-ended questionnaire, while the data from telephone interviews were analyzed by displaying data interpretation from the interviewees. After having the findings, the research showed that the students had a positive attitude towards multimedia. Most of the participants agreed that they like multimedia because it helped them in the teaching and learning process. In this era, we can easily found multimedia. PowerPoint, YouTube Videos, Podcast, Canva, PowToon, Picture, CALL, MALL, Digital Comic, Song, PowToon, and Movie are some the kinds of multimedia that can be used by pre-service English teachers' as the solution to make the learning process more interesting and enhance the students' language pedagogy. This research concludes that using multimedia in the teaching and learning process was important to improve their achievements, understanding, performances, and to achieve objectives of language pedagogy.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HEALTH EDUCATION WITH VIDEO AND COMIC DIGITAL THROUGH WHATSAPP TO KNOWLEDGE HIV/AIDS IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 SUMBERPUCUNG

Health education about HIV / AIDS is very important given to adolescence to reducetransmission of HIV /AIDS. This study aimed to determine the differences in healtheducation using video and digital comics through Whatsapp on the knowledge of HIV/ AIDS in adolescents at Junior High School 1 Sumberpucung. This study used a QuasiExperimental with 36 respondents divided into 18 respondents for the video group and18 respondents for the digital comic group. The sample collection technique was obtainedusing Simple Random Sampling. Data was collected a questioner sheet. Statistical testsuse paired T-tests to measure differences in knowledge before and after education isgiven to each group and unpaired T-tests are used to determine the effectiveness of videoand digital comic media. The results of the study using the paired T-Test showed thatthere were differences in knowledge of HIV / AIDS in adolescents after being given healtheducation using video and digital comic through WA with the result of an increase in theaverage digital video group 1.61 while the digital comic group 0, 5 From the results ofthe unpaired T-Test, P-value of 0.022 was obtained. The result showed that video moreeffective to improve the knowledge of the adolescence than digital comics so that videocan be used to the media in the provision of education health or can also be the media oflearning in school.

PERANCANGAN WEBCOMIC “QUEEN OF BEE” MENGENAI FENOMENA SOCIAL CLIMBER UNTUK REMAJA

The behavior of teenagers today is very much influenced by the existence of social media. The desire to appear existent and get recognition makes teenagers like to show off a luxurious lifestyle and hits, even though sometimes that lifestyle is not in accordance with their real life. This is what causes a social climber phenomenon where an individual tries to do certain things in order to increase the degree of his social status. Social climber has many negative impacts on teenagers' lives. Because it requires a media to deliver information that can provide knowledge to adolescents about the social climber phenomenon and its negative impact on adolescents. The media for delivering information that will be used is in the form of webcomics or digital comics.Webcomic is used as the main media because it has an attractive appearance, is not boring and easy to access. By using a character approach that suits young social media users, the target audience will certainly be more interested. This webcomic will be supported by several media that can help promote products such as promotional videos, posters. X banner, T-shirt, key chain and instagram.The design methodology used is the Glassbox design method which consists of 4 stages, preparation, incubation, illumination and verification and the 5W + 2H data analysis method which is used as a basic concept for problem solving, that is what (what), who (who), when (when) , where (where), why (why), how (how) and how much (how much).Keywords: Webcomic, Digital Comic, Webtoon, Social Climber, Pansos, Panjat Sosial.

LINE WEBTOON SEBAGAI INDUSTRI KOMIK DIGITAL

Because of internet and smartphones, various industries and their products have changed. Comics as one form of the reading industry also experienced this impact. Conventional comics are changing into digital comics, which can be read via cellphones. One of the digital comic services is LINE Webtoon, which has successfully become a popular comic application in various countries, including Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview, deepen and develop the concept of Webtoon, especially LINE Webtoon. This research using qualitative descriptive as method. The results showed that the Webtoon was developed from a conventional form of comics in South Korea called manhwa. Manhwa change into digital because the decline of conventional comic market and technological advancements that developed in South Korea. As an industry, LINE Webtoon expanded its business with presenting paid content, creating advertisements, looking for talented comics, and adapting across media to popular Webtoon works.

Multiletramentos no PIBID de Letras da Universidade Federal do Tocantins: caminhando para práticas sociais inovadoras

RESUMO: O Pibid 2018-2020 previa a participação de discentes dos semestres iniciais dos cursos de licenciatura na escola pública. Procuramos no Pibid do curso de Letras da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, no campus de Porto Nacional, promover o contato dos licenciandos iniciantes com os documentos reguladores do ensino básico, especialmente na área de linguagens, mais especificamente em língua Portuguesa e em Língua Inglesa [LDBN (BRASIL, 2017), PCNs (BRASIL, 1998), BNCC (BRASIL, 2017)], bem como com o trabalho com gêneros discursivos através de sequências didáticas (DOLZ; NOVERRAZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004) e com os multiletramentos (COPE; KALANTZIS, 2012) conforme previsto na BNCC (BRASIL, 2017). Trabalhar práticas de leitura e escrita multimodais aliadas às tecnologias digitais torna-se fundamental na formação de cidadãos críticos preparados para aprender continuamente e para lidar com as transformações nas relações com o mundo e com a aprendizagem. Nosso projeto buscou desenvolver SDs em ciclos de quatro oficinas de duas horas e meia cada no ensino fundamental no município. Os Pibidianos, divididos em grupos de três a cinco, realizaram trabalho colaborativo e transdisciplinar atendendo até 10 estudantes na apropriação de leitura e escrita de diversos gêneros: paródias musicais e visuais, memes, poemas sociais, charges, tirinhas, letras de música, blogs jornalísticos, histórias em quadrinhos gráficas e em ambientes digitais, bem como gêneros discursivos canônicos, como memórias literárias e crônicas. Notamos certa resistência dos participantes do programa, tanto de supervisores, docentes experientes, como também de pibidianos, alunos em início de curso superior, ao utilizar recursos de leitura e produção de escrita digital implantados no PIBID. Por outro lado, encontramos receptividade dos alunos nas escolas quanto maior fosse a multimodalidade e criticidade das atividades propostas. Todo o grupo envolvido observou o impacto social de seu trabalho de ensino-aprendizagem e seu aprimoramento como docentes em formação, a despeito das dificuldades pessoais iniciais e da carência de recursos nas escolas (ventiladores, lanche, computadores, conexão wifi entre outros materiais).
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Formação de professores, Ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, Sequências didáticas.

Korean webtoons and collective innovation: expanding Europe's creative industries through competitive localization

This study investigates the rise of South Korea’s webtoon industry and the fan–translators who are contributing to the transformation of this entrepreneurial digital comics format. By analyzing the creator-owned thriller series Bastard (2014 –) and its various foreign-language versions, the authors demonstrate how cultural intermediaries are localizing content and cultivating new audiences through a process of 'collective innovation'. The characteristics of this crowd-sourced activity offer new understanding of the dynamics and potential impacts of this digital comics industry, which is rapidly transforming with only limited policy intervention. The study illustrates how the French digital comics platform Delitoon is attempting to compete in this Korean-dominated domain, raising questions for enterprises seeking to join this popular wave of digital media. In doing so, this study fosters debate for business managers, policymakers, and practitioners in Europe’s creative industries who are developing and promoting creator-owned content while challenging protectionist boundaries.

INTERNASIONALISASI BAHASA INDONESIA MELALUI EKSPOSE VISUAL CERITA DAERAH MENGGUNAKAN KOMIK DIGITAL BILINGUAL

This article discusses the use of digital comics as a medium of Indonesian language internationalization. Some things that are part of the study are the analysis of global Indonesian digital comics, the opportunity for space in developing digital comics as a medium of massive communication between language and language users, the use of regional wealth in Indonesia as a bearer of Identity, and visual exposure of regional stories as strategies Internationalization of Indonesian. The method of analysis uses exploratory studies with literature reviews, aimed at exploring digital world space and opportunities for the internationalization of Indonesian through the use of a wealth of language, literature and culture. The benefits of this are providing a basic foothold in supporting further research on the potential of literary and cultural languages in internationalizing Indonesian. The use of digital technology that is becoming popular has become a great opportunity for the development of various strategies. The results of the study in the form of key points as a key application of the strategy of internationalization of Indonesian by utilizing the local wealth of the work of the Indonesian people conceptually.

Il fumetto digitale tra sperimentazione e partecipazione : il caso Homestuck = Digital comics halfway between experimentation and participation : the example of Homestuck

Digital comics that try to maximize the affordances of their medium seem to be condemned to in-betweenness: their strength (leveraging on unusual narrative potentials) often becomes their limit, and authors are hardly able to free themselves from the role of niche experimenters and open up to audience participation. A significant exception, however, is Homestuck, a gigantic webcomic by Andrew Hussie. Strongly connected to videogame culture and the very nature of the internet, Homestuck features animations, sounds, embedded flash games, and so on. The webcomic resulted in various transmedial branches (a videogame spin-off and several friendsims, a multi-volume soundtrack, a book epilogue) and an ongoing intermedial adaptation in book format. It has equally managed, over the years, to consolidate an extremely lively community active both in its interactions with the author (with a constant exchange of ideas and an endless readiness to subsidize his projects), in its interpretation of the canon production, and in providing an amazing extent of fan production. This contribution aims to analyze Homestuck as a possible mediation between the two inclinations (experimental and participated) of digital comics.

La vanguardia del cómic digital: Transmedialidad y recursos narrativos en Joselito de Marta Altieri = Digital Comics Avant-garde: Transmediality and narrative resources in Marta Altieri's Joselito

One of the latest and more complex examples of the potentialities of digital comics is Joselito (2018-) by Spanish author Marta Altieri. Published on her own webpage, Joselito is a serial melodrama, in which the author uses all her knowledge as a webpage designer in order to introduce various intermedial elements, such as real-time diegetic music, photographs, chat conversations, gif animations, memes or vertical scroll as a reading mechanism, imitating our way of reading someone else's stories today. In this paper, we propose a study of Joselito's narrative and analyze the strategies that it uses when it comes to represent psychological and subjective realities, as well as the way it provokes emotional and sensorial responses in the readers. We also analyze the implications of the absence of the conventional panoptic qualities of conventional comics, which are replaced by a multimodal way of organizing information. We also investigate the many ways whereby Joselito defies the most traditional comic definitions, not to mention the great changes that animations introduce in the representation of movement. Additionally, we analyze how the return of serial narrative and the possibility of extending each chapter without restrictions have an influence in webcomics like Joselito, making way to a different kind of narrative, based on the anecdotal and on routine, where the psychological evolution of the characters is not as important as it is in the classical graphic novel.

From <i>Shakuntala</i> to <i>Sanitary Panels</i>: Women in Indian Graphic Narratives

The journey of graphic narratives in India began in 1967 with the publication of the first issue of Amar Chitra Katha (ACK) comics, with protagonists based on the mythological tales. These comic books glorified Indian heritage, making every mythological and historical story of India amar or immortal and claimed to present a complete picture of the culture and essence of India. However, these comics reinforced gender prejudice and conventional gender roles of a society where women are only portrayed as demure beings in a patriarchal framework. Indian graphic narratives have come a long way from solely idealising Hindu/Vedic past to the contemporary digital comics where individual stories are shared. This article aims to look at the history of graphic narration in India from a feminist perspective. It will analyse the gradual change in the representation of women from the printed comic books of 1960s to contemporary printed graphic novels as well as webcomics. While Amar Chitra Katha (ACK) comics overtly sexualised and fantasised Vedic women, contemporary Indian graphic novels have made a space for the everyday woman and her struggles. This space expanded and when it branched out into the digital realm any woman could voice her own problems by using images and text. This article will attempt to understand how this change has occurred in the portrayal of women in Indian graphic narratives and how the ‘gaze’ has also undergone an evolution. It will look at the question of authorship, the different forms of media involved as well as the socio-cultural milieu that propelled the transformation in female characters over the years.

2 : expérimenter l’hypermédia dans la bande dessinée numérique

Cet article tente d’explorer les rapports entre narration, interactivité et représentation visuelle dans la bande dessinée numérique. L’article vise à dévoiler la relation d’interdépendance établie entre l’interactivité et la narration, qui se manifeste dans le design narratif ; les possibilités de matérialisation des mécaniques interactives dans le design d’interface ; et enfin les stratégies d’intégration des ressources propres à d’autres médias au système de la bande dessinée. L’argumentation se développe à partir de l’analyse de l’œuvre 2 (www.2-bd.fr), une bande dessinée hypermédiatique dont la création conduit mon projet doctoral de recherche-création. Les exemples traités montrent comment la narration et l’interaction travaillent conjointement pour susciter l’engagement, les relectures et le changement de la motivation des choix du lectacteur ; comment le design d’objets interactifs et à la fois narratifs soutient l’immersion et l’empathie ; et la compatibilité de l’image fixe et en mouvement avec le contrôle du rythme de lecture et l’unicité de l’expérience de lecture interactive.

Improving elementary school students’ creativity and writing skills through digital comics

Creativity is an important component in 21 st century learning. Students with high creativity are easy to improve their ideas and vice versa. The active learning through media is one solution for students’ low ability in improving ideas. This study was conducted to develop students’ creativity and writing skills through digital comics. This study was a quasi-experimental through a pre-test–post-test design. Participants were 56 fifth-grade students consisting of 27 students as an experimental group and 29 students as a control group. The study was conducted at two Indonesian public elementary schools in the first semester during the academic year 2019/2020. Rubric for Creativity (RCr) and Rubric for Writing Skills (RWS) were used as pre- and post-tests. The independent samples t -test and paired samples t -test were applied at the significance level of 0.05. The results showed that digital comics significantly improve the creativity and writing skills of the experimental group compared to the control group. Thus, it can be concluded that digital comics are effective in improving the creativity and writing skills of elementary school students.

PARTICIPATIVE FANDOM BY ARMY BTS INDONESIA IN THE DIGITAL COMIC OF WEBTON APPS

The development of technology, communication and information facilitates cultural exchange in individuals and groups. One form of the phenomenon of cultural exchange is K-Pop. K-Pop has given rise to presence of idol, fans and fandom. Uses and gratification theory shows that individuals actively use the media to fulfill their goals as fans with a form of participatory fandom. In economy context, idols are used as a media consumer attraction. Idol cooperation with a media, attracted fans to participate with the media. With the presence of digital media, fans do online participatory fandom activities, such as digital comics. The features of digital comics are used by fans as a medium for participatory fandom. By making fans of BTS (ARMY BTS Indonesia) in LINE Webtoon, this research was conducted to look at patterns of fan participation with different categories in utilizing digital comic applications as fandom media. Research used constructivism paradigm through a qualitative digital ethnographic approach. Semi-structured interviews were carried out on five informants who were ARMY BTS Indonesia as readers of Save Me webtoon and digital observations in LINE Webtoon. The results show that there are two characteristics of fans, namely temporary fan and devoted fan. Other results show that devoted fans take advantage of the features in LINE Webtoon more optimally as a form of dedication to their idols, while temporary fans have other phenomena besides idols to do participatory fandom activities. To cite this article (7 th APA style): Irwansyah & Lestari, A. F. (2020). Participatory Fandom of Army BTS Indonesia in the Digital Comic on Webtoon Apps. Journal Communication Spectrum, 10 (1), 46-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36782/jcs.v9i1.1872

Intellectual property extensions in entertainment services: Marvel and DC comics

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look into the topic of IP category extensions in an entertainment setting. The main goal of the study is to explore the reciprocal spillover effect of customer experience (CX) ratings with an intellectual property (IP) in one medium (i.e. film) on the sales of the same IP in other media (i.e. comic books).Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on 21-years of monthly top 300 comic book direct market sales data linked to the release schedule and domestic box office gross figures for films featuring Marvel and DC comic book IP appearing in the weekly top 50 films over the same time period. The analysis is based on a hierarchical linear (i.e. mixed) model to account for the nested structure of the data.FindingsThe analysis reveals that CX ratings of weekly top 50 films featuring comic book IP have a quadratic relationship with comic book sales by the two major publishers. Films receiving very good but not excellent ratings are associated with the highest levels of incremental comic book sales.Research limitations/implicationsThe model is based on sales of periodical comic books in the direct market only (i.e. specialty shops) and does not account for sales of digital comics or collected editions through other channels. The analysis is also limited to IP for the two major publishers (Marvel and DC comics).Originality/valueThis study expands current knowledge on CX spillover effects between different media, contributing to entertainment and CX-literature alike.

The Analysis of Types and Functions of Interjections Used in Webtoon Digital Comic

The aims of this research is to describe the types and function of interjections used in Webtoon Digital Comic, the differences of used between primary that has 4 subdivided and secondary interjection. The type of this research was a descriptive qualitative research. The data were taken from five genre of Webtoon Digital Comic, they were drama, fantasy, romance, sci-fi and comedy. The data were collected by download 1 title in each 5 genres and then used highlighter to identifying the types and function of interjection. The researcher used table instrument to categories the types and function of interjection used. It is found there are primary and secondary interjection, but the most commonly used is primary interjection that has appeared with 333 (65.81%), while for secondary interjection it just appeared in 173 (34,18%). The results showed that in primary interjection the most frequently found was Expressive function with 167 times, followed by Phatic that has frequency 95 times, and the lowest frequency was comes from Conative that appeared 71 times. Furthermore, in Secondary Interjection result showed there was no significance difference in the use of noun, adjectives, verb and adverb functions.

Junior secondary school teachers and students’ needs for the use of digital comics in learning mathematics

Digital comics are media presented in the form of visual images that can raise students’ motivation and interest in learning. In Indonesia, it is difficult to find comics relevant to mathematics learning and very few international journals discuss comics in mathematics learning. The purpose of this study was to develop digital comics as a medium for learning mathematics in junior high schools. This study is an early stage of developmental research using the ADDIE model, that is, analysis stage. In this stage, the needs of teachers and students towards the development of digital comics as a medium for learning mathematics were analyzed. Participants in this study involved three mathematics teachers, three vice-principals of curriculum and six students from three junior high schools in Banda Aceh with high, medium, and low national exam scores. Data were analyzed by using a descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that students were less interested in learning mathematics. Moreover, all teachers and students responded positively to the need for developing digital comics as a medium for learning mathematics. The study findings indicate that it is necessary to conduct further research on the development of digital comics as a medium for learning mathematics.

Extraction of Semantic Content and Styles in Comic Books

Digitisation of comic books would play a crucial role in identifying new areas in which digital comics can be used. Currently, existing systems in this domain lack the capacity to achieve complete digitisation. Digitisation requires a thorough analysis of the semantic content within comic books. This can be further sub-categorised as detection and identification of comic book characters, extraction and analysis of panels as well as texts, derivation of associations between characters and speech balloons, and analysis of different styles of reading. This paper provides an overview of using several object-detection models to detect semantic content in comics. This analysis showed that, under the constraint of limited computational capacity, YOLOv3 was the best-suited model out of the models evaluated. A study of text extraction and recognition using Optical Character Recognition, a method for determining associable speech balloons, as well as a distance-based approach for associations between characters and speech balloons are also presented here. This association method provides an increased accuracy compared to the Euclidean distance-based approach. Finally, a study on comic style is provided along with a learning model with an accuracy of 0.89 to analyse the reading order of comics.

ANALISIS URGENSI PENGEMBANGAN KOMIK DIGITAL DENGAN MENGINTEGRASIKAN NILAI-NILAI KEISLAMAN

Abstract: In the era of modern industrial technology 4.0, educators are required to be able to develop skills in making learning media that will be used with the help of technology. Comics are popular among teenagers where high school students are included. One type of comics, digital comics, has recently become a global trend, which is useful for use as an effective learning medium. To take advantage of this great opportunity, this study aims to analyze the importance of developing digital comics.The making of this digital comic uses the 4D model which is a development model that consists of 4 stages.