Digital Communication Channels Research Articles

Deep Learning Multimodal Methods to Detect Fake News

Fake news, characterized by false information disseminated intentionally with malicious intent, has become a critical societal issue. Its impact spans political, economic, and social domains, fueled by the rapid proliferation of digital communication channels, particularly social media. To combat this menace, researchers have turned to automated mechanisms for detection, leveraging machine learning algorithms and curated datasets. In this exploratory research, the landscape of machine learning algorithms is employed in identifying fake news. Notably, the research focus on algorithms such as the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) respectively. However, most of these studies rely on controlled datasets lacking real-time information from social networks—the very platforms where disinformation thrives. The findings underscore the need for research in social network environments, where fake news spreads most prolifically. Additionally, future investigations should extend beyond political news, considering hybrid methods that combine NLP and deep learning techniques. This study serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking insights into the evolving landscape of the ability to combat fake news effectively.

Cyber Bullying Detection Using Deep Learning

Abstract: Cyber bullying detection leveraging deep learning techniques. By harnessing the power of deep neural networks, specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), we aim to develop a robust and efficient model capable of accurately identifying instances of cyberbullying in textual and multimedia content. Through extensive experimentation on diverse datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in detecting subtle forms of online harassment with high precision and recall. This paper presents an approach for cyber bullying detection through keyword analysis. With the proliferation of online platforms, identifying instances of cyberbullying has become a pressing concern. Our method leverages a predefined set of keywords associated with bullying behavior to flag potentially harmful content. Through a combination of keyword matching and contextual analysis, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approachin accurately detecting cyberbullying instances across various digital communication channels. This keyword-based detection system offers a simple yet effective means of identifying and addressing cyberbullying.

Urban Tourism Appeal: The Effectiveness of Communication Channels and Multimedia Formats in Creating Tourists’ Expectations

Tourists’ expectations related to urban tourist destinations, which often derive from wider concept of destinations’ images, encompass a wide range of needs, desires and anticipations that tourists develop prior to visiting a particular destination. They are formed under the influence of different factors, one of which is traditional and digital communication channels. The objective of this research is to determine whether different communication channels and multimedia formats, used by tourists in the pre-travelling phase, could shape their expectations related to tangible and intangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. The data gathering was conducted by applying Computer-Aided Web Interviewing (CAWI) on a representative sample of 312 adult citizens residing in Belgrade, the capital of the Republic of Serbia. The findings indicate that both traditional and digital communication channels, alongside personal recommendations used prior to the trip, significantly contribute to shaping respondents’ expectations concerning tangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. Digital communication channels and personal recommendations appeared to be more important in shaping expectations related to the intangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. Also, different formats of online media content exhibited positive associations with expectations concerning the tangible and intangible characteristics of urban tourist destinations. The obtained results provide recommendations for tourist organizations and local government entities, valuable for developing effective communication strategies for targeting potential tourists.

Exposure to diverse political views in contemporary media environments

Exploring the nexus between digital media and citizens’ exposure to diverse political views is imperative for understanding contemporary democratic engagement. This study builds upon Mutz and Martin’s (2001) seminal research, integrating digital communication channels previously unexamined. Our findings suggest that the interpersonal character of media interactions, rather than the mere distinction between offline and online platforms, significantly influences the diversity of political views to which individuals are exposed. Contrary to the prevalent theories of “echo chambers” and “filter bubbles,” our analysis reveals a nuanced media landscape where digital platforms facilitate both homogeneous and heterogeneous political exposures, depending on their specific affordances. This study contributes to the political communication literature by offering a comprehensive overview of exposure dynamics in the digital age.

Ethnic politics via digital means: Introducing the Ethnic Organizations Online dataset

With the increasing relevance of ethnic groups as political actors, the literature has attempted to identify and study the ethnic organizations representing these groups. How do these organizations use digital communication channels to reach their domestic and international audiences? To enable research on these questions, this article introduces the Ethnic Organizations Online dataset, a new data collection focusing on the online channels that ethnic organizations use. The dataset includes four types of channels: Twitter (since July 2023, rebranded by Elon Musk as X); Facebook; Instagram; and regular websites. It relies on the Ethnic Power Relations – Organizations database, and is therefore compatible with an entire family of datasets on ethnic politics. Featuring more than 2000 online channels used by 265 groups, it allows researchers to study a wide variety of questions related to digital ethnic mobilization. The article presents three examples of how the dataset can be used. We study: (a) how a group’s political goals influence social media adoption; (b) how elections impact the organizations’ communication frequency and how this differs between democracies and autocracies; and (c) how the power status of a group affects the content of their communication. We provide replication codes facilitating the use of the dataset in applied research.

MARKETING MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS: CHALLENGES OF DIGITALIZATION

The article analyzes the impact of digitalization processes on the agricultural sector and the challenges faced by enterprises in this industry. The author analyzes the impact of external and internal environmental factors on the development of agricultural businesses and the problems that delay the development of digital technologies in agriculture. It is noted that an important element of marketing management is a systematic approach that allows establishing relationships between these factors, assessing their impact and formulating marketing management strategies. Based on the results of the study, the author substantiates the need to create favorable conditions for the introduction of digital tools in the marketing management of agricultural businesses. The results of the analysis also indicate the potential of using innovative marketing methods, such as analyzing market trends and using digital communication channels, to overcome the challenges of digitalization and increase the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. The prospects for the development of digitalization processes in the marketing management of agricultural enterprises are considered. It is noted that through systematic market analysis, budget management, and the use of digital technologies and communication channels, enterprises can skillfully navigate market fluctuations while optimizing operational resources. The study provides the conclusions necessary for the further development of marketing management strategies in agriculture, taking into account the current challenges of digitalization and the needs of agricultural businesses in Ukraine. It is stated that the prospects for the development of digitalization processes in agrarian business emphasize the importance of integrating marketing management into the strategic planning of agricultural enterprises and its potential to increase the efficiency of innovation in this sector.

Obstacle shape determination by mobile robot sensor system using GP2Y0A (Sharp) type IR distance sensors

PURPOSE. When organizing a mobile robot (MR) movement in a non-deterministic environment, the SLAM problem arises, which includes the detection of an obstacle presence by the MR sensor system, the distance to the obstacle and its shape. To solve this problem, an infrared (IR) analog distance sensor is often used, the information flow from which is relatively small and can be processed in real time using low-performance microcontrollers. However, such a sensor can only detect an obstacle and determine а distance to a certain point on its surface. The goal is to develop a method for determining both а distance to an obstacle and its shape. When setting up experiments on the use of an analog sensor of the GP2Y0A (SHARP) type, a problem was revealed associated with the occurrence of not only fluctuation noise in а data communication channel, but also artifacts – anomalous signal values appear with random periodicity. It is necessary to determine the source of such interference, propose a method for estimating its parameters and a way to minimize its influence. METHODS. To determine the shape of an obstacle, a differential method is proposed based on the use of several readings of a scanning IR distance sensor. As an indicator of the “noisiness” of the channel, it is proposed to use the number of sensor signal values that exceed the average signal value by 1σ, 2σ, 3σ, 4σ and 5σ. The use of standard methods for filtering abnormal values of a sensor signal leads to significant delays in a response of the MR control system. This is unacceptable, because at the executive level of a control system it is required to provide a "hard" real-time mode. RESULTS. The article presents the results of experiments showing the conditions for applying the differential method for determining a shape of an obstacle, the source of anomalous signal values is identified and a method for minimizing them is proposed. A method for increasing the practical use range of a nonlinear IR sensor conversion function is also proposed. CONCLUSION. The number and magnitude of abnormal values depend on a communication channel length. When using analog sensors, it is necessary to convert an output signal into digital form using analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in an integrated design, structurally bringing the ADC as close as possible to the signal source.

Is Emoji a Universal Language?

The invention of the internet and digital communication channels has made it possible for people in different parts of the world to interact without geographic restrictions. Nevertheless, people from different speech communities may encounter communication barriers as a result of their language differences. The invention of emojis, which are perceived as a universal language, is believed to bridge the communication gap between individuals of different languages. To find out how effective emojis are in communication, the findings of four empirical studies, which investigated the use of emojis in communication, were collected and analysed qualitatively. The present study was anchored on Sonja Foss’s Theory of Visual Rhetoric, which posits that visuals must communicate effectively and accurately to their audience before they can be identified and described as communicative. The findings of this study, however, showed that while emojis can trigger the emotions of readers, they may fail to communicate effectively to them. Based on these findings, it was concluded that emojis may not be an effective tool in cross border interactions.

Enhancing Spam Detection: A Crow-Optimized FFNN with LSTM for Email Security

Email security is paramount in today's digital landscape, as the proliferation of spam emails poses a significant threat to individuals and organizations alike. To combat this menace, this study introduces a novel approach that marries the power of Crow Search Optimization (CSO) with a Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture to bolster spam detection. The proposed Crow-Optimized FFNN with LSTM (C-FFNN-LSTM) leverages CSO to fine-tune the neural network's parameters, optimizing its ability to distinguish between legitimate emails and spam. The CSO algorithm mimics the collaborative behavior of crows, thereby enhancing the model's convergence and robustness. Experimental results showcase the effectiveness of the C-FFNN-LSTM approach, achieving remarkable accuracy rates and reducing false positives. This innovation not only enhances email security but also offers a promising avenue for refining spam detection algorithms across various domains. In an era of ever-evolving cyber threats, the C-FFNN-LSTM framework stands as a beacon of improved email security, safeguarding digital communication channels.
 In our methodology, we attained an outstanding accuracy level of 99.1% during the testing phase.

Public Relation Strategy Analysis in Maintaining Image of PT Pos Indonesia (Persero)

This scientific article delves deeply into the analysis of Public Relations (PR) strategies employed by PT Pos Indonesia (Persero), with a critical focus on strengthening corporate image. In the dynamic business landscape, a positive image is crucial for organizational success. The research adopts a comprehensive approach with descriptive qualitative analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) PR initiatives. The study highlights the alignment of PR strategies with organizational goals, assessing their impact on shaping public opinion, and strengthening relationships with stakeholders. Exploration of the integration of traditional and digital communication channels is conducted to assess PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) adaptability in the evolving media landscape. Furthermore, the research tests crisis communication protocols to evaluate the organization's readiness in facing reputational risks. Drawing on theoretical frameworks and industry best practices, this article aims to provide insights into the strategic nuances of maintaining a positive corporate image. It offers practical recommendations for PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) and similar organizations. This research not only contributes to the scholarly understanding of PR strategies in the corporate realm but also serves as a valuable resource for practitioners and decision-makers striving to refine their communication tactics for sustained positive public perception.

Design and Implementation of a Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control-Based Position Servo Control System of an Electromotive Valve for Exhaust Gas Recirculation.

An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve is used to quickly and dynamically adjust the amount of recirculated exhaust gas, which is critical for improving engine fuel economy and reducing emissions. To address problems relating to the precise positioning of an electromotive (EM) valve under slowly varying plant dynamics and uncertain disturbances, we propose a servo control system design based on linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) for the EGR EM valve driven by a limited angle torque motor (LATM). By analyzing the structure of the LATM and the transmission, the dynamic model of the system is derived. In addition, to solve the problems caused by slowly varying plant dynamics and uncertain disturbances, we combine the effects of uncertain model parameters and external disturbances as the total disturbance, which is estimated in real time by an extended state observer (ESO) and then compensated. In addition, accurate angular information is obtained using a non-contact magnetic angle measurement method, and a high-speed digital communication channel is established to help implement a closed-loop position control system with improved responsiveness and accuracy. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed servo system design can effectively ensure the precision and real-time performance of the EM valve under slowly changing plant dynamics and uncertain disturbances. The proposed servo system design achieves a full-stroke valve control accuracy of better than 0.05 mm and a full-stroke response time of less than 100 ms. The controlled valve also has good robustness under shock-type external disturbances and excellent airflow control capability. The repeatability of the airflow control is generally within 5%, and the standard deviation is less than 0.2 m3/h.

The use of the swiss ball in labor: producing knowledge through the Instagram

In Brazilian society, in recent years, women's social movements and government initiatives have increased natural childbirth in public and private institutions. In this context, obstetric nursing care technologies are implemented to promote pain relief for women during labor, including the Swiss ball. However, in professional experience, it is clear that the population is unaware of its use, benefits and possibilities, considering that the Swiss ball is only presented when women are in labor. Thus, the objective was to exchange knowledge to clarify the use of the Swiss ball by women in labor. It is based that activities carried out on the internet presuppose: knowledge about the other; reciprocal and sporadic collaboration; solidarity sharing of activities and resources and trust association, through an agreement to share objectives. Therefore, the method chosen was a digital communication channel, Instagram, @universodaobstetricia, created on April 14, 2020, shared with 2,025 female internet users who voluntarily interacted with the creator in: forums, conversation circles, polls, quizzes and educational posts. Among the results obtained: 149 women know that the Swiss ball is recommended by Rede Cegonha, but 119 do not know this fact; 75 women learned about the use of the Swiss ball through social media, while 33 women only found out about its use on the day of birth. However, 119 women expressed that they were not aware that the Swiss ball is recommended as a “good practice” of care in obstetric care. It is concluded that the exchange of knowledge is an essential tool for the conscious choice of shared care during labor and that it is necessary for health professionals to develop creative, innovative and bold pedagogical initiatives to strengthen the interface between communication, science and society.

Interdisciplinary cooperation in the outpatient practice: results from a focus group interview with occupational therapists, speech and language therapists and physiotherapists / Gestaltung der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit in der ambulanten Therapie: Resultate eines Fokusgruppeninterviews mit Ergotherapeut*innen, Logopäd*innen und Physiotherapeut*innen

Abstract The complexity and diversity of healthcare conditions, as well as the financial and personnel challenges requires effective interdisciplinary collaboration (IDC) among various healthcare professionals (Robert-Bosch-Stiftung, 2011; Robert Koch Institute, 2015). In contrast to the inpatient practice, IDC has not established yet in primary care settings. There is a lack of concrete solutions that illustrate how IDC can be implemented in outpatient practice (Schmitz, Atzeni & Berchtold, 2020). The study aims to present realization possibilities of the IDC among occupational therapists, speech and language therapists and physiotherapists based on case examples from outpatient neurorehabilitation practices. Necessary framework conditions and support factors should be identified from successful applications. In an online focus group, five therapists from three outpatient therapy centers were interviewed about the interdisciplinary measures taking place at their workplace. The therapy centers implemented interdisciplinary team meetings, collaborative target setting and therapy planning as well as co-therapies in their everyday primary care practice. Digital communication channels and the use of digital practice software represent support measures that enable communication independent of location and time. Educational policy changes are needed to impart the corresponding attitudes, knowledge and skills to the healthcare professionals during the vocational training/study. The results of the study show that IDC can be implemented in the outpatient setting under appropriate conditions. Legal requirements are needed to enable the application of interdisciplinary measures through adequate remuneration systems and available time slots. Further calls address content in vocational trainings/studies to provide a basis for readiness and competencies for IDC.

СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ МАРКЕТИНГУ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ МАЛОГО БІЗНЕСУ

Modern approaches to assessing the effectiveness of marketing at small businesses are key to ensure their sustainable development and competitiveness. In the context of globalization and the rapid development of digital technologies, small businesses face the need to adapt their marketing strategies in order to compete effectively in the market. This article highlights modern methods and tools for evaluating marketing performance that allow small businesses to measure the impact of their marketing efforts. The relevance of the topic is high, especially in the context of military conflicts that significantly affect economic stability and market conditions. War forces small businesses to rethink their marketing strategies, adapting them to rapidly changing conditions and unpredictable challenges. This includes exploring new distribution channels, refocusing on local needs and finding innovative ways to attract customers in conditions of limited access to resources and communication. It is also important to develop flexible marketing plans that can quickly adapt to changes in society and the economy caused by war. In this context, assessing the effectiveness of marketing becomes key to the survival and development of small businesses, which allows them not only to survive in difficult conditions, but also to find opportunities for growth and development even in the most difficult times. The main elements of modern marketing performance assessment are the use of key performance indicators (KPIs), big data analysis, social media monitoring, and the use of marketing analytics. These tools allow you to collect detailed information about consumer behavior, the effectiveness of advertising campaigns, as well as the impact of marketing efforts on sales and customer loyalty. Also, an important aspect is the integration of digital marketing. Particular attention should be paid to website optimization for search engines (SEO), content marketing, e-commerce, as well as the use of digital communication channels such as social media, email, mobile marketing. Taking into account the specifics of small businesses, such as limited resources and the need to quickly adapt to changes, is key in choosing methods for evaluating efficiency. Effective use of analytical tools and approaches helps small businesses to develop flexible and targeted marketing strategies that promote their development and growth in a competitive market environment. Effective marketing helps to attract new customers, maintain existing ones, and increase overall competitiveness in the market. Measuring and analyzing the results of marketing campaigns allows small businesses to better understand their audience and adapt strategies to changing market conditions.

Digital communication of the Bank of Russia in social media

The subject of this study is digital communication of the Bank of Russia in social media. The relevance of the article is determined by the role and significance of modern digital communication channels in everyday life and the potential for their use in ongoing monetary policy. The authors systematize and summarize scientific articles devoted to the connection between effective communication and monetary policy pursued by central banks. The article notes that successful central bank communication should make monetary policy more predictable and market expectations about future rates more accurate. The purpose of the current article is to assess the readability of digital materials published by the Bank of Russia on official social networks and instant messengers. To assess the readability of digital publications, the authors identify two large audience groups: professional and non-professional. As a text analysis method, the authors rely on syntactic and lexical methods and use the Flesch-Kincaid index and Fog-Index as indicators of text readability. The authors presented the key channels and communication tools of central banks, and also highlighted the main channels of digital communication of the Bank of Russia: the Bank of Russia website, social media and the Bank of Russia application “Central Bank Online”. Each of the channels has both direct and indirect affiliation. The results of the direct affiliation channel of social media and the website emphasize the positive dynamics of readability indices – materials published on social networks by the Bank of Russia become clearer to a wider audience segment. However, most publications still require specialized training in economics and finance to fully understand the information. Thus, in communication on social networks, the Bank of Russia’s focus is on reaching a non-professional audience in order to increase transparency and the level of trust in its monetary policy.

Digital communication of police officers during the Covid-19 pandemic

This qualitative study aims to determine which digital communication channels and for what purposes were used by police in rural and suburban parts of Croatia during the COVID-19 pandemic and the obstacles they encountered in doing so. The purpose of the research is a scientific contribution to communication and police sciences, given the lack of such research not only in Croatia but internationally. The practical purpose is the identification of possibilities and limitations of digital communication in policing and aspects of police communication that are important during crises. The semi-structured interview was used in four focus groups of 10 research participants. The results show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, at the request of citizens, police officers often resorted to communication via social media, even though such a method of police communication was not defined as official at the time and despite other serious obstacles such as insufficient technological infrastructure and lack of access to the Internet. The need to create precise work guidelines was identified to avoid problems and prevent citizens’ resistance towards introducing such novelties. This research also points to establishing guidelines and communication protocols between public services to avoid confusion and misinformation.

The role of community and government digital culture in encouraging participation and the quality of public services in Bandung City

This research is motivated because the digital culture of the people of Bandung city is still low so that it has an impact on the low level of digital public participation and the digital culture of the Bandung city government is still low so that the quality of digital public services is also low. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out in more detail about how the digital culture of the community and its impact on the level of participation and how the digital culture of the Bandung city and its impact on the quality of public services in Bandung city and how strategies to build a digital culture so that public participation and the quality of public services in Bandung city become optimal. This research used a mix method, which is a combination of quantitative approaches and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach in this study was carried out using a survey method to measure digital culture. While the qualitative approach was obtained through descriptive analysis of quantitative findings and constructing strategies to build a digital culture of the community and digital culture of the Bandung city government. The result of this research is that the digital culture of Bandung city is quite mature. However, it has not been able to encourage active and substantive participation in the government's digital communication channels. Likewise, the digital culture of Bandung city government employees is also quite good. The digital culture of government employees has only had an impact on service quality quantitatively, but not yet qualitatively.

Possibilities and Obstacles of Police Digital Communication with Citizens and the Community

Communication via digital communication channels has been present in police work for a long time. In the period between 2010 and 2014, the European Commission financed a scientific research project to understand organizational changes in the police in different European countries, including changes related to the introduction of new information and communication technologies into police practice. That research showed that the police use social media to detect crimes and their perpetrators and establish quality relations with citizens and the community. As a follow-up to that study, this qualitative research aims to identify the possibilities and obstacles of police digital communication with citizens and the community to achieve a relationship of cooperation and trust between the police and the community. Four focus groups were conducted in two police administrations in eastern Croatia. The research was conducted on a sample of 40 participants, mostly officers of the regular police, including community policing officers, and the rest are criminal police officers dealing with general criminal matters. The obtained results show, just like the results of numerous foreign studies, that such an approach can be effective in providing transparency of police work and increasing trust between the police and citizens, but with adaptation of the selection of channels and content of communication to the target audience.

Self-sufficiency of e-mail as a marketing tool

Through their development modern digital communication channels modify newly established patterns and very quickly influence changes in marketing practice. Starting from the questions of whether marketing messages sent to consumers via e-mail are useful or can they be used as a standalone tool, this paper presents a preliminary study conducted on a sample of 192 respondents. The study aims at collecting guidelines for a larger study on the impact of modern digital communication channels on consumer behavior, i.e. on the necessary adaptations in marketing practices that are already based on digital technologies. The paper specifically focuses on electronic marketing messages and newsletters as frequently used modern marketing tools. The research was conducted through a specially designed questionnaire and it has determined that e-mail as a standalone marketing tool is not effective and should be used in combination with some other tools. It has not been found that email positively influences the purchase decision nor is the newsletter as a marketing tool completely positively accepted by the respondents

ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS FOR ENSURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE

The article has shown that the development of information technologies has dramatically changed the cost of companies for marketing communications, in which the cost of the Internet communication began to increase at the fastest pace. In the face of unprecedentedly rapid growth of Internet users increases the need to form modern marketing tools, which allows you to use Internet resources to communicate with consumers, increase their awareness to promote the goods and services of companies. The purpose of the article is to provide practical recommendations for evaluating the effectiveness of digital marketing communications to ensure the development of the enterprise. The main characteristics of digital marketing communications are their personalization, targeting, integration into the general system of marketing communications, coverage of all digital communications channels and focus on a constant dialogue with the user. The classification of marketing communications with the inclusion of digitalization is systematized, which made it possible to show the current process of integration of the marketing communication system, the formation of a new type of advertising campaigns - TTL (Through The Line), change in the center (idea) marketing communications). It is shown that the metric evaluation of digital marketing communications should be based on a behavioral approach, namely consumer behavior model in the Internet environment with the inclusion of consumer involvement cycle. In the staff of the main tendency of development of Digital marketing communications: growing the fate in the budgets of the company, the meaningful deployment Strong emphasis on the measurement of the efficiency of the process of companion with the needer: active development of CRM technology, in the number of social social CRM (in social sets). Practice also shows that the pace of the efficient methods of the efficientness of the digital marketing of the marketing communications. The development of Internet technologies allows you to personalize marketing communications, that is, to make direct contact with each individual user and to configure your marketing communications system for the needs of individual users to carry out communications and other elements of a marketing company.