Digestive System In Children Research Articles

Digestive system and mitochondrial diseases in children

The article discusses the features of lesions of the digestive system in children with mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondria play an important role in cellular metabolism as they are responsible for producing the majority of cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. Mutations in mitochondrial genes responsible for the functioning of mitochondria can lead to various forms of mitochondrial diseases. These diseases may present with the following clinical symptoms: muscle weakness, movement disorders, neurological symptoms, impaired motility and absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases can be challenging due to genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Treatment currently remains a pressing problem, as research in this area is being actively conducted and new methods are emerging aimed at the therapy and treatment of these rare diseases.

Intrauterine Shaping of Fetal Microbiota.

Mechanisms resulting from the physiological immaturity of the digestive system in children delivered before 32 weeks of gestation and, in particular, different interactions between the microbiome and the body have not been fully elucidated yet. Next-generation sequencing methods demonstrated the presence of bacterial DNA in the placenta and amniotic fluid, which may reflect bacterial populations that initiate intestinal colonization in utero. Numerous studies confirmed the hypothesis stating that intestinal bacteria played an important role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) early- and late-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS and LONS). The model and scale of disorders within the intestinal microbiome are the subject of active research in premature infants. Neonatal meconium was primarily used as an indicator defining the environment in utero, as it is formed before birth. Metagenomic results and previous data from microbiological bacterial cultures showed a correlation between the time from birth to sample collection and the detection of bacteria in the neonatal meconium. Therefore, it may be determined that the colonization of the newborn's intestines is influenced by numerous factors, which may be divided into prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal, with particular emphasis put on the mode of delivery and contact with the parent immediately after birth. Background: The aim of this review was to collect available data on the intrauterine shaping of the fetal microbiota. Methods: On 13 March 2024, the available literature in the PubMed National Library of Medicine search engine was reviewed using the following selected keywords: "placental microbiome", "intestinal bacteria in newborns and premature infants", and "intrauterine microbiota". Results: After reviewing the available articles and abstracts and an in-depth analysis of their content, over 100 articles were selected for detailed elaboration. We focused on the origin of microorganisms shaping the microbiota of newborns. We also described the types of bacteria that made up the intrauterine microbiota and the intestinal microbiota of newborns. Conclusions: The data presented in the review on the microbiome of both term newborns and those with a body weight below 1200 g indicate a possible intrauterine colonization of the fetus depending on the duration of pregnancy. The colonization occurs both via the vaginal and intestinal route (hematogenous route). However, there are differences in the demonstrated representatives of various types of bacteria, phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in particular, taking account of the distribution in their abundance in the individual groups of pregnancy duration. Simultaneously, the distribution of the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria is consistent. Considering the duration of pregnancy, it may also be concluded that the bacterial flora of vaginal origin dominates in preterm newborns, while the flora of intestinal origin dominates in term newborns. This might explain the role of bacterial and infectious factors in inducing premature birth with the rupture of fetal membranes.

Features of correction of disorders of the digestive system in children with reactive asthenic syndrome

Objective: to study the features of the digestive system in children with reactive asthenic syndrome and correction of disorders using a comprehensive integration program.Materials and methods: a prospective cohort non-randomized study of 419 children of primary school age was conducted. The main group consists of 128 children living in the territory of active hostilities. Control group — 291 children outside the zone of active hostilities. A full examination was carried out before and 6 months after the start of the comprehensive integration rehabilitation program. All children were collected complaints, anamnesis, analysis of outpatient records, objective examination, examination of the motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract.Results: all children of the main group had complaints from the digestive system. 97 (75.78%) children were concerned about decreased appetite; 79 (61.72%) — stool disorders. Functional disorders were registered in 80 (62.50%) children of the main group, organic pathology — in 62 (48.44%). Among functional abnormalities, functional disorders of the biliary tract were in the first place (in 65 (50.78%) people). Among the organic pathology — diseases of the stomach and 12-duodenum (in 59 (46.09%) children). Peripheral electrogastroenterography revealed in most children of the main group non-impulsive contractions and discoordination of motor skills of varying degrees of severity in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract.Conclusions: the implementation of complex rehabilitation measures optimized the studied indicators with more pronounced effectiveness in children evacuated from active combat zones.

Nutrition of modern children: problems and solutions

Analysis and generalization of data available in the literature on the actual nutrition of schoolchildren. The article outlines the problems of nutrition of children.Nutrition is one of the most important factors determining the health of the child population.Nutrients almost completely determine the physical and mental performance, contribute to the harmonious development of the child’s body. The start of school is a critical period for a child.Nutrition should cover not only the costs that occur in the process of life, but also ensure the proper growth and development of the child. Improving the organization of nutrition in organized children’s groups is singled out as one of the priority tasks of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of healthy nutrition of the population. A necessary condition for maintaining and strengthening the health of the children’s population of the Rossoshsky District is favorable conditions for education and training in children’s institutions, where children spend a significant part of their lives.Proper nutrition plays an important role during intense mental stress.As a result of ongoing activities aimed at organizing a full-fledged, safe nutrition, at increasing the coverage of hot meals for schoolchildren, there has been a decrease in the incidence of the digestive system in children under 14 years of age, which is confirmed by socio-hygienic monitoring data. Nutrition of the child in an educational institution and in the family should be combined.

Irritable bowel syndrome in children: evolution of manifestations

The article provides an analysis of changes in ideas about pathogenetic mechanisms, approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children. Current data on the pathophysiological mechanisms of IBS are presented. Algorithms for the management of children with this pathology are presented, based on the new positions of the Rome IV criteria and Russian recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional disorders of the digestive system in children.

Developing a non-invasive diagnostic model for pediatric Crohn's disease using RNA-seq analysis.

Introduction: Pediatric Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the digestive system in children and adolescents. It is characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and malnutrition, and can also cause complications like growth delays and delayed puberty. However, diagnosing pediatric Crohn's disease can be difficult, especially when it comes to non-invasive methods. Methods: In this study, we developed a diagnostic model using RNA-seq to analyze gene expression in ileal biopsy samples from children with Crohn's disease and non-pediatric Crohn's controls. Results: Our results showed that pediatric Crohn's disease is associated with altered expression of genes involved in immune response, inflammation, and tissue repair. We validated our findings using two independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, as well as through one prospective independent dataset, and found that our model had a high accuracy rate. Discussion: These findings suggest the possibility of non-invasive diagnosis for pediatric Crohn's disease and may inform the development of targeted therapies for this condition.

The impact of military operation experience on the digestive system in children. Possibilities for optimizing rehabilitation interventions.

The impact of military operation experience on the digestive system in children. Possibilities for optimizing rehabilitation interventions.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children: Effectivity, safety, and tolerability of the herbal preparation STW-5 (Iberogast®) in general practice

BackgroundFunctional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) of the upper and lower digestive system in children and adolescents present with heterogeneous gastrointestinal symptoms and are a common reason for specialist consultations. The herbal medicinal preparation STW-5 has already shown efficacy and safety in clinical studies with more than 7000 adult participants suffering from functional dyspepsia (FD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Here, we evaluate with a prospective observational study the effectivity and safety of STW-5 in children with FGID under real-life conditions and interpret these data versus the background of controlled clinical studies in a predominantly adult population. MethodsThis prospective observational study included 980 children (age 3–14 years) with FGID. For inclusion, Rome III criteria were recommended to apply. The inclusion of the patients for treatment with STW-5 followed routine clinical practice. Patients were treated for approximately 1 week. The presence and severity of symptoms was documented at the study start and at the end of treatment period utilizing the adapted gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS). Other target parameters included global effectivity and tolerability assessments as well as adverse events. ResultsThe average patient age was 7.6 ± 2.9 years. Most of the patients were treated for IBS (n = 418; 43 %) or FD (n = 259; 26 %), with a mean baseline GIS of 16.1 ± 8.9. During the treatment period, the GIS decreased 76 % to 3.8 ± 4.2. The decrease in symptoms was similar for different age groups, gender, and indications. Patients with a shorter duration of complaints had a lower GIS at study end (p < 0.0001. The global treatment effect was assessed as good or very good by 87–89 % of patients/parents and physicians. Physicians rated the global tolerability as good or very good for 95 % of the patients. Seven patients (0.7 %) reported adverse events. ConclusionsThe treatment effect of STW-5 in this study was in its range comparable to according data from controlled clinical trials with predominantly adult participants.Thus, supporting robustness of these data generated in an uncontrolled observational setting. The results of this observational study indicate that STW-5 may be an effective and well tolerated treatment option also for children with FGIDs.

Частота функціональних розладів і клінічних симптомів, що можуть бути пов’язані з лактазною недостатністю в дітей раннього віку м. Львова

На сьогодні порушення травної системи в дітей перших років життя залишаються актуальною проблемою практичної педіатрії та поширеною причиною звернень батьків до лікаря. Важливе значення в генезі розвитку функціональних порушень травної системи дітей цього віку може мати лактазна недостатність. В анкетно-опитувальне дослідження було включено 327 дітей із міста Львова. Метою дослідження була оцінка частоти клінічних симптомів, що можуть бути пов’язані з лактазною недостатністю в дітей першого року життя. Серед клінічних симптомів у дітей раннього віку, за даними анкетування, переважали зригування та коліки, розлади випорожнень. Діагноз лактазної недостатності був установлений у 3,4 % (11) дітей, приймали фермент лактазу 2,8 % (9) дітей.

Принципи реабілітації дітей з патологією органів травлення

Хронічні захворювання травної системи у дітей посідають одне із перших місць в структурі педіатричної патології, часто стають причиною тимчасової непрацездатності та інвалідності дорослих. Тільки адекватна патогенетична терапія на різних етапах лікування може призвести до відновлення здоров’я, запобігання рецидивів і трансформації в патологію дорослих. Вирішення цього завдання може бути здійснене тільки при дотриманні основних етапів реабілітації (клінічного, санаторно-курортного, адаптаційного) з використанням не тільки медикаментозних препаратів, а й широкого спектра немедикаментозних методів впливу на організм.

Functional Disorders of Digestive System in Children. Guidelines of Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Part 3

The clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the3 functional disorders of the digestive system in children were preparedby a Group of Experts, domestic leading specialists in the field of the pediatric gastroenterology, who generalized the foreign guidelines and domestic experience, suggesting the tactics for the pediatrician actions in the everyday practice. Part 3 of the Guidelinesdiscusses the billiard tract dysfunctions and functional constipations. There are no biliary tract dysfunctions in the Pediatric Sectionsof Rome Consensus IV; however, the Russian pediatric school of thought has always considered them as important in terms of oneof the causes for abdominal pain in children. This attitude was supported by the experts, and it is maintained in these Guidelines.The functional constipations are common in the children of different ages, and they present not only a medical problem, but alsoa serious social one for both children and their parents. That is why the considerable attention has been paid to this pathology considering the psychosocial aspects of the correction.

COVID-19 and Digestive System in Children: A Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study was to identify gastrointestinal (GI) and liver injury presentations in children admitted with COVID-19 infection. In this retrospective study, we studied all children with suspected symptoms of COVID-19, referred to Amirkola Children's Hospital. Clinical manifestations of the digestive and respiratory systems and liver function tests were evaluated for all cases. Eighteen children were studied. The most common clinical symptoms were fever, anorexia, weakness, nausea and vomiting, cough, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, respectively. Also, 5/18 (27.8%) and 7/18 (38.9%) of cases had abnormally high alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), respectively. Additionally, in icteric cases, direct bilirubin was raised. There was no significant relationship between pulmonary lesions and abnormal excess in ALT (P = 0.59) and AST (P = 0.62). The findings showed that there were no severe clinical GI symptoms in children with COVID-19 infection. Besides, children with increased liver enzymes did not have more respiratory involvement than those without a rise in liver enzymes.

Marker profile of digestive system organs comorbid pathology in children

The article highlights the current state of the comorbid pathology of the digestive system problem in children. Attention is paid to the most significant trigger factors of comorbid pathology of the digestive system organs in children and they are given a prognostic assessment with the development of a mathematical model of developmental risk.Aim. To identify predictors of comorbid pathology of the digestive system in children and to determine their prognostic value.Material and methods. 115 children with comorbid pathology of the digestive system organs and 80 healthy children aged 7-18 years were examined. The state of biological, social and genealogical well-being was determined by means of questionnaires. Laboratory and instrumental studies were conducted in accordance to the Ministry of Health ofUkraineorders in the specialty "Pediatric Gastroenterology" with the informed consent of patients to participate in the study.Results. Etiologically determining risk factors for the development of comorbid pathology of the digestive system organs in children are unfavorable genealogical history with hereditary burden by both pedigrees, age and sex of the child, H. pylori infection, stress, vitamin D3 and iodine deficiency, endothelial dysfunction, disruptions of regional blood flow in the abdominal trunk, premorbid background.Conclusion. It is established that the risk of comorbid pathology of the digestive system in children will increase by 4.27 times if the child has identified by us non-modifying factors, and by 2.62 times under the influence of modifying factors.

Condition digestive system of children with bronchial asthma

The purpose of the study is to study the characteristics of the digestive system in children suffering from bronchial asthma.Materials and methods. A survey of 60 children with asthma in the acute stage conducted. The average age of the examined children was 8±1.1 years. All children, along with standard studies, conducted EFGDS, abdominal ultrasound, feces for dysbiosis.Results. In case of bronchial asthma, a high frequency of the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract is detected, which is characterized by an erased, low symptom course. The most common pathology of the digestive tract, which was detected in children with asthma are gastritis 70%, superficial gastroduodenitis — 43.3%, biliary dyskinesia — 75%, intestinal dysbiosis — 58.3%.

Диагностика и лечение функциональных запоров у детей (фрагмент Проекта клинических рекомендаций по диагностике и лечению функциональных заболеваний органов пищеварения у детей Российского общества детских гастроэнтерологов, гепатологов и нутрициологов)

Диагностика и лечение функциональных запоров у детей (фрагмент Проекта клинических рекомендаций по диагностике и лечению функциональных заболеваний органов пищеварения у детей Российского общества детских гастроэнтерологов, гепатологов и нутрициологов)

The state of the digestive system in children with systemic connective tissue diseases

Purpose. To study the prevalence of the digestive system pathology in children with systemic connective tissue diseases.Characteristics of children and research methods. We carried out a clinical and instrumental examination of 108 children with systemic connective tissue diseases hospitalized in the rheumatology department of the 4th City Children’s Clinical Hospital in Minsk from 2008 to 2015. 60 patients suffered from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (mean age 12.3 [9.4; 15.6] years), 23 children suffered from juvenile scleroderma (mean age 11.8 [9.7; 14.9] years) and 25 children suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus (mean age 13.1 [12.2; 16.3] years). All patients received long-term immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory therapy.Results. 75.9% patients had gastroenterological complaints, such as abdominal pains, nausea, heartburn. 69.4% of patients had endoscopic changes in the esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum. According to the results of the morphological study, 43.5% of patients with systemic connective tissue diseases had mild inflammatory process, 29.6% of patients had average inflammatory process, and 3.7% of patients had severe inflammatory process. Among the children examined, 33 (55%) patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 12 (48%) children with systemic lupus erythematosus and 11 (47.8%) patients with juvenile scleroderma were infected with Helicobacter pylori. Pathological changes of the hepatobiliary system and pancreas were diagnosed in 83.3% of children with systemic connective tissue diseases.Conclusion. The revealed changes indicate a probable connection between the pathology of the digestive organs in children with systemic connective tissue diseases and substantiate the gastroenterological examination of this category of patients.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ СИНДРОМА ИЗБЫТОЧНОГО БАКТЕРИАЛЬНОГО РОСТА ТОНКОЙ КИШКИ У ДЕТЕЙ С РАЗЛИЧНЫМИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫМИ АБДОМИНАЛЬНЫМИ БОЛЕВЫМИ РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ

Функциональные гастроинтестинальные расстройства занимают одно из ведущих мест в структуре патологии органов пищеварения у детей. Основополагающим документом по диагностике и лечению функциональных гастроинтестинальных расстройств у пациентов разного возраста являются Римские критерии IV. Целью работы было изучить распространенность синдрома избыточного бактериального роста тонкой кишки у детей школьного возраста с различными функциональными абдоминальными болевыми расстройствами. Было обследовано 230 детей с функциональными абдоминальными болевыми расстройствами: 110 пациентов младшего школьного возраста и 120 детей старшего школьного возраста. Установлено, что развитие функциональных абдоминальных болевых расстройств ассоциировано с наличием синдрома избыточного бактериального роста в тонкой кишке у детей как младшего, так и старшего школьного возраста.

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ АБДОМИНАЛЬНЫХ БОЛЕВЫХ РАССТРОЙСТВ У ДЕТЕЙ В СВЕТЕ РИМСКОГО КОНСЕНСУСА IV

Функциональные гастроинтестинальные расстройства занимают одно из ведущих мест в структуре патологии органов пищеварения у детей. Одной из наиболее частых причин обращения за медицинской помощью пациентов различного возраста являются жалобы, связанные с наличием абдоминальной боли. Основополагающими рекомендациями по диагностике и лечению функциональных гастроинтестинальных расстройств у пациентов разного возраста являются Римские критерии IV. Функциональные абдоминальные болевые расстройства в педиатрической практике включают в себя «функциональную диспепсию», «синдром раздраженного кишечника», «абдоминальную мигрень», «функциональную неспецифическую абдоминальную боль». В статье представлены основные диагностические критерии функциональных абдоминальных болевых расстройств в детском возрасте. Рассмотрены некоторые патогенетические механизмы данных заболеваний. Особое внимание уделено показаниям для углубленного лабораторного и инструментального обследования детей с функциональными гастроинтестинальными расстройствами.

From an idea to realities: modern successes of children’s gastroenterology

The article continues the tradition of writing scientific reviews concerning achievements in the field of pediatric gastroenterology, laid down by the leaders of Russian pediatrics and neonatology - A. V. Mazurin, N. G. Zernov, B. G. Apostolov, A. A. Baranov, V. F. Uchaykin, G. V. Rimarchuk, Yu. G. Mukhina, P. L. Shcherbakov, S. V. Belmer, I. Yu. Melnikova and others. The article discusses the origins, development and successes of modern Russian pediatric gastroenterology. Important in the diagnosis of diseases of the digestive system in children, beginning at an early age (up to 3 years), along with laboratory methods, have played methods of medical intrascopy. The main achievements in the study of diseases of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, hepatobiliary system, pancreas are analyzed. Prospects for the development of pediatric gastroenterology as an independent area of pediatrics are being advanced.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПИТАНИЯ ДЕТСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРИМОРСКОГО КРАЯ

We studied features of preschool children’s nutrition. It was revealed that the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the average daily rations do not comply with the established requirements of the current regulations. A hygienic assessment of arsenic content in staple foods during the 2005–2016 period in the Primorsky Territory is given. The results of a study of the effects of arsenic content on the morbidity of the digestive system in children are presented. The dynamics of the primary morbidity indicators by average annual values is shown. A statistically significant relationship has been established between the actual concentrations of arsenic in food products and digestive diseases among the children of the Primorsky Territory.