Weight Of Digestive Organs Research Articles

Effects of polyphosphates with different chain lengths on digestive organ weight, carcass quality, and immune response, and intestinal microflora in broilers

Effects of polyphosphates with different chain lengths on digestive organ weight, carcass quality, and immune response, and intestinal microflora in broilers

Effects of tributyrin supplementation in calf starter on growth, blood parameters and development of rumen and small intestine in Holstein calves fed milk replacers with different fatty acid profile

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation in calf starter on development of the rumen and small intestine for calves fed two milk replacers differing in fatty acid composition. Fifty-four Holstein calves (38 heifers and 16 bull calves) were assigned to one of the four treatments: (1) milk replacer containing 31 g/kg C8:0 and 29 g/kg C10:0 in total fatty acids (MR-) and calf starter without TB (ST-) (MR-ST-; n = 14), (2) MR- and calf starter with a TB supplement (600 g/kg TB and 400 g/kg silicon dioxide) at 6 g/kg of DM (ST+) (MR-ST+; n = 13), (3) milk replacer containing 26 g/kg C4:0, 57 g/kg C8:0, and 56 g/kg C10:0 in total fatty acids (MR+) and ST- (MR+ST-; n = 13), and (4) MR+ and ST+ (MR+ST+; n = 14). Milk replacers were offered at 600 g/d (powder basis) from 8 to 14 d, increased up to 1300 g/d from 15 to 21 d, 1400 g/d from 22 to 49 d, decreased down to 700 g/d from 50 to 56 d, and 600 g/d from 57 to 63 d, and then weaned at 64 d of age. Data and samples were collected until 91 d of age. All the calves were fed one of the calf starters and chopped hay ad libitum from 8 d of age. Bull calves were euthanized at weaning to determine weights of digestive organs and evaluate ruminal and small intestinal morphology. Calf starter and milk replacer treatments did not affect dry matter intake, growth performance, digestive organs weights (kg/100 kg of body weight), and rumen papillae length. However, calves fed ST+ had greater ratio of villus height to crypt depth (2.20 vs. 1.84; P < 0.01) in the ileum compared to those fed ST-. In addition, calves fed MR+ had less crypt depth (240 vs. 298 µm; P = 0.02) and greater ratio of villus height to crypt depth (2.22 vs. 1.91; P < 0.01) in the ileum compared to those fed MR-. A tendency for interaction between milk replacer and calf starter treatments was observed for the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum, in which TB in calf starter increased the ratio only for calves fed MR-. Milk replacer treatment did not affect plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) concentration. However, calves fed ST+ had greater plasma GLP-2 concentration compared to those fed ST- after weaning (1.16 vs. 0.80 ng/mL; P < 0.02). These results suggest that TB supplementation for dairy calves may affect small intestinal morphology at weaning, and increase plasma GLP-2 concentration after weaning.

Effect of Addition of Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain N6 Isolate and Cassava Peel on Total Microbes and Gastrointestinal Organ Weight of Super Native Chicken

The use of commercial antibiotics causes residues in chicken meat. The study aims to determine the best concentration between Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain N6 isolate and cassava peel flour on the weight of the digestive tract organs of super native chickens The study consisted of 2 stages. Stage I. Determination of the best synbiotic concentration. using a completely randomized design (CRD) 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatments consisted of R0 = 1 ml isolate without the addition of synbiotics, R1 = 1 ml + 3% isolate (0.3 g cassava peel flour), R2 = 1 ml + 6% isolate, and R3 = 1 ml + 9% isolate. The parameter observed was a total microbial colony (TPC). Phase II: addition of synbiotics to super native chicken feed. using RAL 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatment P0 = basal ration without synbiotic, P1 = basal ration + synbiotic 150 ml/kg ration, P2 = basal ration + synbiotic 300 ml/kg ration, and P3 = basal ration + synbiotic 450 ml/kg ration. Parameters measured: TPC, weight of digestive tract organs: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, test results, R3 produced TPC: 64 X 109 CFU/ml, decreased the weight of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (0.73%, 1.79% and 0.32%).

Effects of Methanol Extract of Albizia lebbeck Leaves on the Body Weight, Hematological Parameters and Histological Structures of Digestive Organs in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Due to its use in traditional medication and its leaves and pods being considered as potential fodder for livestock the toxicity of Albizia lebbeck needs to be thoroughly explored. The study evaluated the effects of 70% methanol extract of Albizia lebbeck leaves on body weight, hematological parameters and histopathology of digestive organs in Wistar rats. Twenty-one healthy adult female rats were experimented with and divided into two groups of six and fifteen animals. Six rats were randomly subdivided into two groups of three rats each for plant extract LD50 determination at 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg dosages, respectively. Fifteen rats were randomly sub-allotted into three groups of five animals. Group I the control received distilled water by gavaging. Groups II and III received 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the extract, respectively—treatment covered 30 days. On day 31, the body weight of each rat was recorded before being sacrificed under chloroform. Blood was collected for hematological analysis. The liver and stomach were trimmed and processed for histopathology. The results revealed the LD50 of the extract to begreater than 5000 mg/kg. Extract treatment had no significant effects on the rat’s body weight. A significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in WBC, Eosinophils, RBC, and Hematocrit was revealed at 100 mg/kg of extract treatment. A dosage of 400 mg/kg of the extract caused a significant increase in Eosinophils and Lymphocytes. However, the plant extract caused a significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width at both doses, Monocytes and Neutrophils at 400 mg/kg and Mean Corpuscular Volume and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin at 100 mg/kg compared with the control. Both doses of the extract treatments caused lesions in the liver characterized by, necrosis, sinusoidal dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration with no significant lesions in the stomach. In conclusion, the extract of Albizia lebbeck leaves caused a significant decrease in some hematological parameters and some lesions in the liver at 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg.

The Effect of Black Soldier Fly Maggot Powder on Performance, Digestive Organ Weight, and Carcass Proportion Supermaron Native Chicken

The objective of this study is to determine if and how the maggot black army fly flour in the diet affects the health and productivity of domesticated supermaron chickens. The feed ration contains black soldier fly (BSF) maggot flour, which has the potential to be employed as a source of animal protein both biologically and commercially. This study was conducted in vivo, which means that varied degrees of administration in the ratio of the protein content in the ration were given directly to animals. T-Test was used in this investigation with two treatments and eight replications. The treatment consisted of control (T0), namely complete feed with 20% protein content, and T1 in the form of control feed plus supplementation of maggot flour with protein content of 40.83% as much as 10% of each portion of feed given. The parameters studied were performance, weight and length of digestive organs, and proportion of carcass consisting of feed consumption, ADG, FCR, Digestive organs mass relatives, and carcass proportions. Based on the research that supplementation with 10% maggot flour has not had a significant effect on all parameters found. This is due to the possibility that a complete diet that satisfies the nutritional requirements of domesticated supermaron chickens and the addition of 10% BSF maggot flour have not been able to maximize the productivity of domesticated supermaron chickens, necessitating increased BSF maggot meal levels.

Digestive Tract Development of Crossbreed Native Chickens due to Effect of Terminalia catappa Leaf (T. catappa L) Extract in Drinking Water

The purpose of the current study was to clarify the impact of drinking water extract from Terminalia catappa leaves on the development of the native chicken crossbreeds’ digestive systems. The study was set up with 4 treatments and 4 replications in a properly randomized design (5 bird for each replication). Water without Terminalia catappa leaf extract (T0), water with 3% of Terminalia catappa leaf extract for three days per week (T1), water with 3% of Terminalia catappa leaf extract for five days per week (T2), and water with 3% of Terminalia catappa extract for seven days per week (T3) were the study’s treatments (T3). Parameters observed are relative weight of digestive organs, length of digestive organs, and weight to length ratio of digestive organs. Results show that Terminalia catappa leaf extract in drinking water showed a significant effect in weight to length ratio of duodenum but had no effect in the other digestive organ. The use of Terminalia catappa leaf extract have a potensial effect to maintance digestive tract development.

Effect of protected sodium butyrate on growth performance, carcass traits, relative weight of digestive organs and intestinal histomorphology of broilers

Effect of protected sodium butyrate on growth performance, carcass traits, relative weight of digestive organs and intestinal histomorphology of broilers

Effect of Oral Administration with Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 on the Hematological Profile, Relative Weight of Digestive Organs, and Cecal Traits in Growing Pigs.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration with L. plantarum CAM6 on the hematological profile, relative weight of digestive organs, and cecal traits in growing pigs. A total of 36 castrated male pigs [(Landrace × Pietrain) × Duroc] aged 49 to 139 days old were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups with 12 animals per treatment. The treatments included a control diet without additives (CTRL), a positive control with subtherapeutic antibiotics (TRT1), and CTRL supplemented with 5 mL Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 preparation providing 109 CFU/pig/day (TRT2). The TRT2 group showed a higher (p ≤ 0.05) small intestine length and the cecum relative weight compared to the CTRL group. Moreover, L. plantarum CAM6 supplementation promoted (p ≤ 0.05) increased thickness of the muscular and mucosal layers, as well as enhanced depth and width of the cecal crypts. The TRT2 group also showed well-defined crypts without lesions, while the CTRL and TRT1 groups exhibited congestion, lymphocytic infiltration in the crypt, and intestinal-associated lymphoid tissue atrophy, respectively. Additionally, TRT2 stimulated (p ≤ 0.05) the growth of the autochthonous cecal microbiota compared to other experimental groups. Overall, the results indicate that oral administration of L. plantarum CAM6 improved intestinal health and enhanced the growth of autochthonous cecal lactic acid bacteria and had no impact on the complete blood count in growing pigs.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Ferrous Sulphate on the Blood Biochemical Attributes and Development of Digestive Organs of Turkey Poults

The present study was conducted during February–April, 2020 in the Department of Poultry Science, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of ferrous sulphate on the blood biochemical attributes of turkey poults. Nighty six straight run day old turkey poults were placed into four treatment groups, each with three replicates and eight turkey poults in each replicate. The poults were kept in a system with deep litter. The experiment was carried out on turkey poults aged 0 to 8 weeks. In the experiment, (control) basal diet, supplemented with FeSO4 @ 80 mg kg-1 diet, supplemented with FeSO4 @ 120 mg kg-1 diet, and supplemented with FeSO4 @ 160 mg kg-1 diet were provided to the poults. Blood was collected at the end of the experiment. Length and weight of different digestive organs were measured separately at 8 weeks of age after sacrificing birds. Plasma was separated and stored in refrigerator (-20°C) until analyzed. The data obtained showed that there was no significant difference in plasma total proteins, uric acid, ALT, AST, ALP, plasma cholesterol, plasma HDL, SOD, ROS, LPO values and development of digestive organs among different treatment groups. Further studies can be done by assessing the effect on blood biochemicals and digestive organ development of poultry birds by supplementing organic Fe chelates.

An increased weaning age and liquid feed enhances weight gain compared to piglets fed dry feed pre-weaning

Increasing age and providing liquid creep feed could potentially increase the solid feed intake in pre-weaning piglets, which may in turn promote gut maturation and post-weaning feed intake, possibly lessening the severity of the growth-check associated with the suckling-to-weaning transition. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if feeding dry- versus liquid creep feed (DF vs. LF) and weaning in week 4 or 5 (4W or 5W) could accelerate maturational changes to the small intestines of pre-weaning piglets by increasing digestive and absorptive capacity. In a 2 × 2 factorial study the effect of weaning age (WA) and feeding strategy (FS) on weaning weight, pre-weaning accumulated gain (AG), and average daily gain was measured for 12 923 piglets. A subpopulation of 15 piglets from each treatment group (4WDF, 4WLF, 5WDF and 5WLF; n = 60) were sacrificed to assess the effects of WA and FS on weight of digestive organs, activity of maltase, lactase and sucrase, and gene expression level of sodium-glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT-1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) in the proximal part of the small intestine (SI). No interactions were found but average weaning weight was affected by WA (P < 0.001) and FS (P < 0.001), where 5W were heavier than 4W and LF were heavier than DF. Correspondingly, the average daily gain (ADG) was affected by both WA (P = 0.003) and FS (P < 0.001). Only WA affected the relative weight of the digestive organs, where stomach weight, weight of SI and colon weight were heavier in 5W piglets compared to 4W. Lactase activity tended to decrease with age (P = 0.061), but there was no difference in the activity of maltase or sucrase between any of the treatment groups. Similarly, there was no differences in gene expression level of SGLT1, GLUT2 or PepT1 between neither the two ages nor feeding strategies. In conclusion, both WA and FS affect weaning weight and weight gain of piglets in the pre-weaning period.

Effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal on growth performance, intestinal mucosa activity, digestive enzymes, absorption capacity, and immunity in broiler chickens

Gut health is multifaceted and is largely influenced by the rearing environment and the diet. The use of phytochemicals rich in phenolics and flavonoids can improve the digestive health of chickens and lead to better growth performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dietary Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal (VALM) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, absorption function, organ weights and immunity of broilers. Two hundred and forty, one-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups: an unsupplemented control and VA-1, VA-3 and VA-5 receiving VALM incorporation at concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 g/kg, respectively. Each treatment had six replicates of 10 chickens. On d 42, six chickens per replicate were isolated and euthanised. Digesta from the jejunal segments (10 cm) was collected for analysis of the digestive enzymes. The remaining digesta was then washed out with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline before the jejunal segments (10 cm) were opened longitudinally to collect the mucosa by scraping. For the preparation of the homogenate, intestinal mucosa samples were homogenised with 154 mmol/l of ice-cold sodium chloride solution and centrifuged at 4 °C for 900 s. To determine immunoglobulins, glutathione and D-xylose, the supernatant was extracted and stored at -20 °C. Supplementation with VALM did not significantly influence the relative weights of organs in the different treatments. However, VALM at 3 g/kg caused a significant increase in amylase and trypsin concentration (P&lt;0.05). Immunoglobulin A and intestinal secretory immunoglobulin G concentrations were significantly improved (P&lt;0.05) in the birds fed 3 g/kg VALM. This supported the premise that 3 g/kg VALM in feed can improve gastric immunity status and digestive enzyme secretion.

Partial replacement of maize with cassava root–moringa leaf and vegetable oil concentrates in broiler finisher diets

Context Roots and leaves have potential as feed ingredients for poultry, but antinutritional factors (ANFs), high fibre and low energy may limit their efficient utilisation. There is need to improve processing methods and diet formulation for maximum utilisation of these readily available resources and reduce feed cost. Aim To investigate the replacement of maize with cassava root, moringa leaf meal and vegetable oil blend in finisher broiler diets. Methods In total, 160 male broiler chickens aged 30 days were weighed and allotted randomly to 20 deep litter pens containing eight birds of similar individual weight (1500 g ± 16.11). Four broiler finisher iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated for the experiment. Diet 1 was based on maize and in Diets 2, 3 and 4, 15%, 30% and 45% of maize was replaced respectively, by a concentrate of cassava root meal, moringa leaf meal and vegetable oil combination (CMOC). Each diet was given to five pens in a completely randomised design for a period of 12 days. Key results There were no significant differences in the growth parameters of birds among treatments. Except for drumsticks of birds on the 30% CMOC diet, there were no significant effects of diet on carcass components or digestive organ weights (P &gt; 0.05). Gizzard pH was higher in the control birds than in the test groups. Feed cost per kilogram of carcass weight was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower with the dietary inclusion of CMOC. Conclusion Replacing up to 30% of the maize with CMOC is beneficial and replacement up to 45% is not detrimental. However, the economic benefits of maize replacement with CMOC need to be re-evaluated with ingredient costings less affected by the present COVID-19 pandemic. Implications Maximum utilisation of cassava root and moringa leaf meal in the diet will reduce cost and improve income of small- to medium-holder broiler producers.

THE EFFECT OF USE OF CONCENTRATES BASED ON BROILER FARM WASTE IN RATIONS ON BODY WEIGHT LOSS AND DIGESTIVE ORGANS LANDRACE PIG

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of using protein concentrate based on broiler farm waste (KPLA) in rations on weight loss and digestive organ weight. The research used a completely randomi- zed design (CRD) with three treatments and four replications. The treatment is, A: with the use of 0% KPLA, B: with the use of 12% KPLA and C: with the use of 24% KPLA. The research used 12 pigs finisher phase with an average body weight of 66.6 ± 7.74 kg. The research parameters were body weight loss, small intestine weight and length, large intestine weight, and spleen weight. The results of the research were, after fasting for 12 hours, with the use of 0% and 12% KPLA there was a loss of body weight of 2.4% and 1.8% (P&gt;0.05). The use of 24% KPLA (C) can increase body weight loss by 6.2%, significantly higher compared to A. The use of 0% - 12% KPLA does not cause a significant difference in the weight and length of the small intestine (P&gt; 0.05), but with 24% KPLA (C) significan- tly reduced the weight of the small intestine by 11.9% and 11.3% in the length of the small intestine (P&lt;0.05). The use of 0% - 24% KPLA did not affect the weight of the large intestine and the weight of the spleen (P&gt;0.05). The conclusion of this research was the use of KPLA up to 12% did not cause significant changes in the parameters of slaughter weight, weight loss, weight and length of the small intestine. It is recommended to use KPLA in landrace pig rations up to 12%.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

The Use of Hydrolyzed Palm Kernel Cake After Addition by Buffalo Rumen Fluid Enzymes on Growth Performances and Relatively Organ Weight of Broilers

This study aims to utilize a sufficient amount of palm kernel cake (PKC) and buffalo rumen fluid as a source of enzymes to improve the quality of PKC that can be used in broiler feed. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was to test the level of buffalo rumen fluid enzyme at various doses (0.0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, and 3.0% (v/w) in PKC incubation to measure dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude fiber (CF), and dissolved glucose total (DGT) contents as hydrolyzed PKC. The second stage was to determine the usage level of hydrolyzed PKC in broiler feed. A total of 288 DOC MB202 strains were randomly allocated to one of five treatments with four replicated cages of 12 birds in a completely randomized design. Treatments were the various level of hydrolyzed PKC as following: 0%, 6%, 12%, 18%, 24%, and 30%. The variables were feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), final body weight (FBW), carcass, and digestive organs weight. The level of buffalo rumen fluid enzymes had a significant effect on DM, CF, and DGT content, while it was not significant on OM. The optimum level was 2.25% and it was used in the second stage. The use of hydrolyzed PKC up to 18% was not different (P&gt;0.05) in BWG, FCR, and FBW compared to controls. The use of hydrolyzed PKC up to 24% decreased BWG, FCR, and FBW, but feed consumption did not differ (P&gt;0.05) compared to control. Carcass and digestive organ weight were not affected (P&gt;0.05) by the treatment. It can be concluded that the incubated buffalo rumen fluid enzymes at a level of 2.25% could improve the quality of PKC. The use of hydrolyzed PKC could be applied up to 18% without affecting the performance of broilers

Replacement of inorganic trace minerals by chelated minerals in pullet diets (12 to 20 weeks of age)

Aim of study: An experiment was carried out aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels and sources of trace mineral to laying pullets with two initial body weights (BWs). Area of study: The experiment was carried out in Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil Material and methods: Two hundred and eighty eight Bovans White pullets aged 12 weeks old were allotted in a completely randomized design and a 2×3 factorial arrangement, wherein the main effects included initial BW (light-weight and heavy-weight) and three dietary trace mineral sources and levels (100% inorganic, 100% chelated and low-dose corresponding to 50% chelated), totalizing six treatments with eight replicates of six birds. The performance, the metabolizability coefficient of nutrients, and the onset of lay were evaluated at rearing phase (12 to 20 weeks). At 17th and 20th weeks of age, the relative weight of reproductive and digestive organs, abdominal fat, and tibia quality were assessed. A residual effect was evaluated at production phase on productive performance and egg quality. Main results: The mineral source did not affect the performance of pullets. Birds fed 50% chelated mineral produced the lowest eggshell. The heavy-weight birds showed higher egg weight and eggshell quality. The lighter birds showed lower abdominal fat weight and lower tibia robustness index. Research highlights: The replacement of 100% of inorganic mineral for chelated mineral do not result in decrease of bird performance at rearing and at production phase, but a minimum amount should be provided to ensure growth and nutrient metabolizability.

Tropical alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Kacang Ratu BW) supplementation for reducing cholesterol and improving quality of carcass and meat of hybrid duck

Context Duck meat is a good source of protein (21.4%) but it is high in cholesterol, with a standard range of 125–200 mg/dL. Alfalfa is a legume that contains saponins, which have been shown to reduce the cholesterol content of meat. Aim We aimed to determine the effect of alfalfa on the weight of the internal organs and carcass, the physicochemical quality of meat, and the cholesterol of hybrid ducks in Indonesia. Methods Ninety 1-day-old Indonesian hybrid ducks were fed basal rations supplemented with 0% (control), 3%, or 6% fresh alfalfa (n = 5 per group), calculated on a dry matter basis. Five replicates were made for each dietary treatment. Dietary treatments were administered to the ducks from 8 to 35 days of age. The parameters measured were the internal organ weight, carcass quality (live weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat), physicochemical quality of meat (water content, crude protein, crude fat, pH, water holding capacity [WHC], cooking loss, and tenderness), and the cholesterol content of the liver, breast meat, thigh meat, and blood (including the high-density lipoprotein/HDL and low-density lipoprotein/LDL). Analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range tests determined the significance of results. Key results Supplementation of rations with up to 6% of alfalfa did not significantly affect the weight of the internal organs, but reduced the cholesterol content in the liver, meat, and blood. In addition, the physicochemical parameter of alfalfa supplementation in the rations, up to a level of 6%, had no effect on carcass quality, moisture content, crude protein or pH of hybrid duck meat. Moreover, supplementation with 6% of alfalfa significantly reduced the LDL levels while increasing the HDL and affecting crude fat, WHC, cooking loss, and tenderness of hybrid ducks. Conclusions Supplementation with up to 6% of alfalfa did not affect the weight of key internal digestive organs, but reduced the cholesterol content, and increased the HDL levels of blood. Alfalfa supplementation affected the physicochemical quality of hybrid duck meat. However, the optimum level (production parameters observation) of alfalfa supplementation in the diet was at 3%. Implications Hybrid duck meat exhibits lower cholesterol, higher HDL, and lower LDL when the diet is supplemented with alfalfa, whereas other parameters were largely unchanged.

Protease Supplementation in the Diet of Light Laying Hens

This work was developed to evaluate the impact of the addition of proteases on the performance characteristics, egg quality, relative weight of digestive organs, and intestinal morphometry of laying hens. 390 Hy Line W36® hens were allocated into five treatments and six replicates with 13 animals. The treatments were: 1) Control (standard formulation), 2) Negative control A - NCA (nutritional reduction according to protease A matrix), 3) Negative control B - NCB (nutritional reduction according to protease B matrix), 4) NCA+protease A (0.250 g/kg of feed) and 5) NCB+protease B (0.125 g/kg of feed). Hens fed the NCA, NCB, and NCA+protease A diets showed reductions in feed intake and egg mass. The addition of protease B provided better results for egg production in both percentage and per dozen as compared to the group fed with the NCA+protease A diets. The hens subjected to diets NCA and NCB showed eggs with a reduced eggshell and thickness percentage. However, supplementation with proteases A and B improved these parameters to values similar to the controls. There was no significant effect of the treatments on the relative weight of the liver, proventricle, gizzard, pancreas, and small intestine. However, the addition of protease A resulted in a decreased value for the relative weight of the large intestine. The jejunum and ileum crypt depths were, respectively, smaller in hens fed the control diet in relation to the NCB diet and the NCA and NCB diets. As it can be concluded, Protease B supplementation provided the best performance results.

Supplementation of garlic powder and Lactobacillus casei to improve nutrient digestibility, physiological conditions, and performance of broiler during starter phase

This study aimed to assess the effect of a mixture of garlic powder and Lactobacillus casei (GLC) on intestinal development, hematological parameters, nutrient digestibility, and performance of broilers in the starter phase. One hundred forty 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups, namely control (not given GLC supplement) and given GLC supplement either 1%, 2%, and 3% of total feed. Chickens were reared for 21 days in an open cage. On the 21st day of the experiment, blood collection, lymphoid organ and digestive organ weight, and performance data were recorded. Accumulative feed intake until day 21 did not differ (P&gt;0.05) among treatment groups. In this study, there were improvements in the height of villi in the jejunum, and the acidity in the duodenum and caecum, due to the increase of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA: acetate and propionate). Protein and crude fiber digestibility in the GLC-given chickens was significantly higher than in the control group ((P≤0.05). GLC supplementation (1%, 2%, and 3% of total feed) significantly increased body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P≤0.05). In conclusion, the use of GLC during the starter phase can improve the nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and performance of broiler chickens.

Weight and Lenght of Digestive Organs of Super Native Chickens Fed of Amorphophallus companulatus Tuber Flour

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of Amorphophallus companulatus (AC) tuber flour in feed on the weight and length of the digestive organs of super-native chickens. This research was conducted for 8 weeks. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications (P0 = feed without AC tuber flour, P1 = feed containing 5% AC tuber flour, P2 = feed containing AC tuber flour 7.5%, and P3 = feed containing 10% AC tuber flour). The results showed that the use of AC tuber flour in the super free-range chicken feed had a very significant effect (P&lt;0.01) on the weight and length of the small intestine and significantly (P&lt;0.05) on pancreatic weight, but had no effect (P&gt;0 .05) against gizzard. It was concluded that AC bulbs could be used up to 10% in super-free-range chicken feed. the use of AC tuber flour as much as 7.5% in super free-range chicken feed resulted in the highest intestinal weight, intestinal length, and pancreas weight.

Nutritive value of full-fat dehulled sunflower seeds in diets for broiler chickens

The goal of this research was to evaluate the nutritive value of full-fat de-hulled sunflower seeds (DHSS) in feeding broiler chickens. Three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 determined the proximal analysis of DHSS, the essential amino acid content, and apparent metabolizable energy (AME). In experiment 2, two diets were formulated, namely a control and a diet containing 10% DHSS. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) were calculated. In experiment 3, the performances of broilers fed the two diets were evaluated in terms of the relative weights of digestive system organs, breast meat colour, growth and feed consumption. Full-fat de-hulled sunflower seeds were characterized as having 507.9 g/kg EE, 282.1 g/kg CP, 21.02 MJ/kg AME and 9.3 g/16 g N arginine. Apparent ileal digestibility of DM in the 10% DHSS diet was 658.0 g/kg, similar to that of the control diet (643.0 g/kg). Partial substitution of DHSS for soybean meal (SBM) did not affect the relative weight of digestive system organs, except for the liver. The relative weights of the liver were 17.90 g/kg bodyweight in birds fed the DHSS diet and 16.37 g/kg bodyweight (P &lt;0.05) in the control. The colour of the breast meat was 3.5% darker and 13.8% less yellow for DHSS birds compared with the control. Growth and feed consumption were unaffected by the dietary treatments. Therefore, 10% DHSS can partially replace SBM in broiler finisher diets.