Digestive Illness Research Articles

The role of screening of patients proved to have gastroesophageal reflux disease by upper gastrointestinal endoscope for early detection of interstitial lung diseases

BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a frequent digestive illness in North America, causing symptoms and complications. It affects 18.1–27.28% of people and is associated with decreased quality of life. Treatment improves quality of life, but treatment costs are higher. The study aims to assess the role of screening of patients proven to have GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscope for early detection of interstitial lung diseases.Subjects and methodsThis research was cross-sectional research. The study will be conducted at the Chest Diseases Department of Ain Shams University hospitals. This prospective cross-sectional research will be performed on 90 randomly selected cases diagnosed with GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. For 1 year.ResultThe findings of chest HRCT for enrolled patients are 15 patients (16.7%) showed positive CT findings suggestive of interstitial lung disease, whereas 75 patients (83.3%) had normal CT scans. The most common CT finding was atelectasis reported in nine patients (10%). a statistically significant correlation between age and fibrosis and reticular infiltration, female gender, and reticular infiltration. no statistically significant association between CT findings and each of the chest symptoms and GERD symptoms.ConclusionCT chest screen of patients diagnosed with GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy plays a favorable role in the early detection of ILD to help in early management and treatment them. In patients diagnosed with GERD by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, we revealed that: reticular infiltration is more prevalent in female gender. Reticular infiltration and fibrosis increase with older age. Reticular infiltration and atelectasis increase in patients who have a hiatus hernia. Cough, dyspnea, and wheezes increase in older age.

Myorelaxant and antispasmodic effects of the essential oil of Artemisia campestris L., and the molecular docking of its major constituents with the muscarinic receptor and the L-type voltage-gated Ca2+channel.

Gastrointestinal disorders are among the most common diseases that cause discomfort to people who are affected. In Morocco, aromatic and medicinal plants are widely used to calm these pains and eliminate their symptoms. Among these plants, Artemisia campestris L. which is used in eastern Morocco to treat digestive system problems. Our study aimed to experimentally verify the traditional use of this plant by evaluating the myorelaxant and antispasmodic effects of the essential oil of Artemisia campestris L. (EOAc). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) was performed to identify the compounds present in the EOAc. Then, these molecules were subjected to the in silico study for molecular docking. The myorelaxant and antispasmodic evaluation of the EOAc were tested in vitro on an isolated rabbit and rat jejunum mounted on an organ bath. Then, an isotonic transducer connected to an amplifier recorded the graph related to intestinal contractility. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of Artemisia campestris L. showed the presence of m-Cymene (17.308%), Spathulenol (16.785%), β Pinene (15.623%), α Pinene (11.352%), α.-Campholenal (8.848%) as main constituents. The EOAc gave a dose-dependent and reversible myorelaxant effect on the spontaneous contractions of jejunum isolated from rabbits, with an IC50 equal to 72.16±15.93μg/mL. This effect did not occur through adrenergic receptors. The EOAc has an antispasmodic effect on the contractions of rat jejunal induced by a medium with low (25mM) or high concentration (75mM) of KCl, and carbachol 10-6M. The obtained inhibitory effects are comparable to those of a non-competitive antagonist of cholinergic receptors. The major compounds of EOAc allowed the establishment of a relationship between these phytoconstituents and the antispasmodic effect found by the EOAc. The obtained results are also supported by a docking study. The obtained results confirm favorably the use of Artemisia campestris L. in traditional Moroccan medicine for the treatment of digestive tract illness, which gives us a new route to valorize the effects obtained by a phytomedicine specific for the digestive tract.

A serological survey of pathogens associated with the respiratory and digestive system in the Polish European bison (Bison bonasus) population in 2017–2022

BackgroundThe European bison (Bison bonasus) is a near threatened species and requires health monitoring. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to pathogens known to cause respiratory and digestive illness in ruminants.ResultsIn the studied 328 European bison, the highest seroprevalence was observed for Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) (50.27%), Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) (26.36%), and Bluetongue Virus (BTV) (12.83%). For Mycoplasma bovis strains and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), positive results were rare. Interestingly, a higher prevalence of BTV antibodies was noted in the northeastern populations and older animals.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the Polish European bison population appears to have considerable contact with BoHV-1; however, this does not appear to be of great significance, as clinical symptoms and post-mortem lesions are rarely noted in Polish European bison population. The high seroprevalence of BTV in the north-east of Poland is an ongoing trend, also noted in previous studies. It is possible that European bison may perpetuate the virus in this region. This is the first report of antibodies for BCoV in European bison.

Immunogenic multi-epitope-based vaccine development to combat cyclosporiasis of immunocompromised patients applying computational biology method.

Cyclospora cayetanensis infections, also known as cyclosporiasis, persist to be the prevalent emerging protozoan parasite and an opportunist that causes digestive illness in immunocompromised individuals. In contrast, this causal agent can affect people of all ages, with children and foreigners being the most susceptible populations. For most immunocompetent patients, the disease is self-limiting; in extreme circumstances, this illness can manifest as severe or persistent diarrhea as well as colonize on secondary digestive organs leading to death. According to recent reports, worldwide 3.55% of people are infected by this pathogen, with Asia and Africa being more prevalent. For the treatment, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the only licensed drug and does not appear to work as well in some patient populations. Therefore, the much more effective strategy to avoid this illness is immunization through the vaccine. This present study uses immunoinformatics for identifying a computational multi-epitope-based peptide vaccine candidate for Cyclospora cayetanensis. Following the review of the literature, a highly efficient, secure, and vaccine complex based on multi-epitopes was designed by utilizing the identified proteins. These selected proteins were then used to predict non-toxic and antigenic HTL-epitopes, B-cell-epitopes, and CTL-epitopes. Ultimately, both a few linkers and an adjuvant were combined to create a vaccine candidate with superior immunological epitopes. Then, to establish the vaccine-TLR complex binding constancy, the TLR receptor and vaccine candidates were placed into the FireDock, PatchDock, and ClusPro servers for molecular docking and iMODS server for molecular-dynamic simulation. Finally, this selected vaccine construct was cloned into Escherichia coli strain-K12; thus, the constructed vaccines against Cyclospora cayetanensiscould improve the host immune response and can be produced experimentally.

Initial assessment of medical post-traumatic stress among patients with chronic esophageal diseases.

Diagnosis and management of chronic esophageal disease requires the use of potentially traumatic medical procedures, performed with or without sedation. Medical trauma and post-traumatic stress (PTS) are emerging as important considerations in patients with digestive illness. To date, no study assesses medical PTS from procedures in patients with esophageal disease. Adult patients with achalasia, eosinophilic esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or functional esophageal disease at a university-based gastroenterology clinic completed: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Gastroesophageal Disease Questionnaire, Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire, Northwestern Esophageal Quality of Life scale (HRQoL), NIH-PROMIS Depression scale, and a study-specific questionnaire about esophageal procedures (endoscopy with sedation; functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) with sedation; high-resolution manometry (HRM); wireless pH testing; or 24-h pH-impedance testing). Half of 149 participants reported at least one traumatic procedure, with HRM most often cited. Only 2.7% met the cutoff for PTS on PCL-5. This increased to 7.1% for patients with a traumatic procedure combined with experiencing intense fear. Rates of moderate-severe PTS ranged from 7.4%-12% for all patients and 14%-29% for those with a traumatic procedure with fear. Medical PTS was associated with poorer HRQoL, and increased esophageal symptoms, depression, and hypervigilance and symptom anxiety. Preliminary evidence suggests medical PTS affects few patients with esophageal disease. However traumatic procedures, most often associated with HRM, significantly increase PTS symptoms. The potential impacts of medical PTS on esophageal patient assessment and outcomes are considerable and warrants further study.

Dental Erosions: A Manifest of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Objective: To record the frequency of dental erosion (DE) in patients with Gastro esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Methodology: The research included a total of one hundred patients who had been diagnosed with gastro esophageal reflux disease. Duration of study was 3 months from July, 2022 to September, 2022. Patients who presented with a digestive system illness in which stomach acid splashed over the bottom of the esophagus met the criteria for a diagnosis of GERD, which we utilized to make the diagnosis. It manifested itself in the form of a strong burning feeling in the chest, which often occurred after meals and typically occurred many times each week. Endoscopy and the patients' medical histories were used to make the diagnosis. For the purpose of making a tooth erosion diagnosis, GERD patients were evaluated presenting in the Madinah teaching hospital Faisalabad. It was shown that individuals who suffered from GERD had a significantly higher incidence of tooth erosion. Results: In our study, 46(46%) cases were between 30-45 years of age while 54(n=54) were between 46-60 years of age, mean age was calculated as 46.14+11.85 years. Gender distribution shows that 51(51%) were male while 49(49%) were females. DE was recorded in 34(34%) while 66(66%) had no findings of the morbidity; we found no significant difference in age and gender. Conclusion: Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease often have dental erosion as a presenting symptom (GERD). Screening individuals with GERD for tooth erosion is crucial for identifying and treating instances timely to enhance patients' quality of life. Keywords: Gastro esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Adults, Dental Erosion (DE)

"The Gluten-Free Diet and Its Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome: Dietary Friend or Foe?"

Celiac disease (CD) is a prevalent digestive illness as well as a budding area of research in the field of gastroenterology. While investigations are underway to find new and improved pharmacological therapies for CD, the gluten-free diet (GFD) remains the only option to effectively manage the condition. While the GFD is recommended for patients diagnosed with CD and other gluten-related conditions, studies show the number of individuals on the GFD surpasses the projected number of patients with these medical indications (1). The implications of widespread adoption of this dietary approach are still being determined, with many patients believing this diet will improve overall health and cardiovascular risk. This review analyzes the relationship between a GFD and metabolic syndrome in both non-celiac and celiac patients, concluding that although the diet may slightly improve overall cardiac risk factors, weight, and/or insulin resistance, its use in the absence of a gluten-related disorder is controversial.

Considerations and perspectives on digestive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially reported in December 2019, and since then it has become a pandemic with newly confirmed cases and deaths increasing continuously. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted the organization and execution of activities in the clinical sector. Asymptomatic infections are increasingly being identified when patients seek medical advice for non-respiratory system illnesses, particularly digestive system symptoms. This has posed a significant challenge for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Based on the clinical symptoms of patients with COVID-19 reported to date, patients with typical clinical symptoms of COVID-19 may also present with symptoms associated with the digestive system. Digestive illness symptoms in patients with COVID-19 are underscored by a bidirectional relationship between respiratory and digestive systems. Because the clinical diagnosis and treatment of digestive illnesses caused by COVID-19 have been challenging so far, we hypothesized that investigating the pathogenesis of digestive system diseases in patients with COVID-19 will provide potential novel targets for its prevention and treatment, and concurrently reduce COVID-19 virulence and socio-sanitary burden. This review summarizes the relationship between the digestive and respiratory systems in patients with COVID-19 from the perspective of the "gut-lung" axis. We discuss extant literature on the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related digestive symptoms, which may facilitate differential diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Miller Fisher syndrome associated with respiratory failure

Miller Fischer syndrome (MFS) is a rare clinical variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. The diagnosis suspected primarily on clinical trial of areflexia, ophtalmoplegia and ataxia, is confirmed by the mandatory presence of antiganglioside antibodies (anti GQ1b). An acute onset is typical of MFS, beginning with neurological symptoms following a respiratory or digestive infectious illness. The therapeutic options are either the plasmapheresis or the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Although rare, in certain cases the patients present with respiratory symptoms needing intensive care. We report the case report of a patient which presented with the classical triad of MFS but also with rapid progressive respiratory failure due to bilateral vocal cords palsy and general muscle weakness. He needed respiratory mechanical support. The patient received a treatment by IVIG without any improvement in symptomatology. Eventually he completely recovered and he was discharged from the hospital 3 month later.

Effect of the metanolic extract from the leaves of Garcinia humilis Vahl (Clusiaceae) on acute inflammation.

Garcinia humilis is popularly used to treat digestive, intestinal and inflammatory illness. We investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of the methanol extract of G. humilis leaves (MEGh) on inflammatory cells behavior (migration and chemical mediators release) and hypersensitivity. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan-induced inflammation in the subcutaneous tissue of male Swiss mice treated orally with MEGh (0.1-30mg/kg). Leucocyte migration, chemical mediators secretion (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1) and protein exudation were quantified in the exudate. The adhesion molecules expression (CD62L and CD18), chemical mediators and chemotaxis was evaluated using neutrophils or macrophages RAW.264.7 previously treated with the extract (1-100µg/mL) and activated with LPS. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds friedelin, canophyllol, amentoflavone and 3-desmethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidypholine xanthone (10μM) was evaluated in macrophages nitric oxide (NO) and TNF release. MEGh, given orally (30mg/kg), significantly reduced neutrophil migration and decreased TNF, IL-1β and CXCL1 levels, without interfering with protein exudation and IL-6. In vitro, the extract significantly reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels but did not alter TNF and CXCL1. The MEGh also reduced the expression of CD62L and CD18 and consequently neutrophil chemotaxis. The compounds friedelin, amentoflavone and 3-demethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidypholine xanthone decreased the secretion of NO and TNF by RAW264.7. The MEGh effects were extended to the pain-like behaviour induced by carrageenan in the mice hindpaw. MEGh presented important anti-inflammatory effects probably due to its activity on neutrophil migration and on important chemical mediator release, scientifically reinforcing its use as medicinal plant.

Economic impact of harmful algal blooms on human health: a systematic review.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) damage human activities and health. While there is wide literature on economic losses, little is known about the economic impact on human health. In this review, we systematically retrieved papers which presented health costs following exposure to HABs. A systematic review was conducted up to January 2019 in databases such as ScienceDirect and PubMed, and 16 studies were selected. Health costs included healthcare and medication expenses, loss of income due to illness, cost of pain and suffering, and cost of death. Two categories of illness (digestive and respiratory) were considered for health costs. For digestive illness cost, we found $86, $1,015 and $12,605, respectively, for mild, moderate and severe cases. For respiratory illness, costs were $86, $1,235 and $14,600, respectively, for mild, moderate and severe cases. We used Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) to access the loss of well-being due to illness caused by HABs. We found that breathing difficulty causes the most loss of QALYs, especially in children, with a loss of between 0.16 and 0.771 per child. Having gastroenteritis could cause a loss of between 2.2 and 7.1 QALYs per 1,000 children. Misleading symptoms of illness following exposure to HABs could cause bias in health costs estimations.

From the intestinal flora to the microbiome.

In this article, the history of the microbiota is reviewed and the related concepts of the microbiota, microbiome, metagenome, pathobiont, dysbiosis, holobiont, phylotype and enterotype are defined. The most precise and current knowledge about the microbiota is presented and the metabolic, nutritional and immunomodulatory functions are reviewed. Some gastrointestinal diseases whose pathogenesis is associated with the intestinal microbiota, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and celiac disease, among others, are briefly discussed. Finally, some prominent and promising data with regard to the fecal microbiota transplantation in certain digestive illness are discussed.

Species identification, poisoning symptoms and medical treatment of chlorophyllum molybdites

Objective To study species identification, poisoning symptoms and medical treatment of chlorophyllum molybdites in order to provide a guideline and proper treatment. Methods Based on the data of epidemiological investigation, clinical treatment data and suspicious poisonous mushroom samples collected of present patients. The collected mushroom specimen was identified by morphological combined molecular methods, and the poisoning symptoms and medical treatment of C. molybdites were summarized systematically. Results Epidemiological investigation showed that two patients ate some white wild mushrooms collected by themselves. About 4 h after mushroom eaten, they had nausea, vomiting, stomachache and diarrhea (watery). Glutamate-puruvate transaminase and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in serum increased in one patient , and the other patient vomited a little faint blood fluid, followed by faint blood fluid and watery diarrhea on the second day. After treatment with adequate rehydration, corticosteroid, liver protection and anti-infection using penicillin, both patients recovered after 3 days. The mushroom eaten by the patients was C. molybdites, as evidenced by morphological and molecular analysis. Conclusions The poisoning cases in the present study were caused by C. molybdites, confirmed by morphological and molecular analysis which is suitable for species identification. Chlorophyllum molybdites is a poisionous mushroom, whhich mainly causes digestive illness, and the illness is usually mild with short disease course. Key words: Poisonous mushrooms; Chlorophyllum molybdites; Species identification; Medical treatment

Cryptosporidium infections in birds--a review.

Cryptosporidiosis is one of the main protozoan infections in birds. It manifests as either a respiratory or a digestive illness, and it affects a very large number of avian species across several continents. The aim of this review is to report on the main results of studies on cryptosporidiosis among birds and the importance of these results to veterinary medicine and public health.

Mo1615 Efficacy of Probiotics in the Treatment of Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease (SUDD): Systemic Review and Meta Analysis

Colonic Diverticular disease is the fifth most financially burdensome of digestive illness in the US. Inflammation is thought to be the primary cause of symptoms of SUDD. Probiotics have been shown to have an important role in the treatment of SUDD. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of Probiotics in patients with SUDD through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Crohn’s disease and ruminant farming. Got lactase?

Crohn's disease (CD) is a well known chronic pathological condition whose aetiology has remained unrecognized for nearly a century. Complex immune mechanisms in a specific genetic background causing an abnormal local inflammatory response are thought to be directly responsible for the clinical picture, but no external factor triggering such host responses has been identified. Humans lose the capability of breaking down milk lactose early in life and, afterwards, ingestion of large amounts of lactose causes a transient digestive illness known as lactose intolerance. Some human populations developed mutations for lactase persistence in adulthood that allowed better exploiting a product, milk, from not food-competitive domesticated species. This adaptation to dairy farming could have had as a collateral effect the exposure of human populations to a ruminant parasite with the ability to cause chronic inflammation in the intestine. Humans with a genetic susceptibility might develop a similar inflammatory disease caused by a defect in a highly conserved innate immunity mechanism. Data from different published sources regarding by country CD and type I diabetes incidence, lactose intolerance, livestock population, food production, Gross National Income and human population were submitted to Pearson and Kendall correlation, multiple regression and principal components analyses. Multiple regressions were also applied to a published 20-year time series for CD incidence in Japan. These analyses showed a strong association between country incidence of CD and frequency of lactase persistence as well as other ruminant production and consumption variables that further supports the meaning of those observations. Association of these variables with higher per capita income suggests that IBD incidence would be a side-effect of an otherwise highly successful adaptation. The evolutionarily plausible framework provided by this association with the species suffering a similar inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), its coincidence with the expanse of a cattle breed that could act as a Trojan horse, in addition to recent microbiological, immunological and therapeutical observations consistent with a slow infection type of pathogenesis, supports a mycobacterial aetiology of human IBD. Further research challenging the hypothesis of a shared aetiology by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis of human and ruminant IBD by increasing research on the pathogenesis of the latter and focusing on effective specific antibiotic or immune aetiological therapies seems to be the obvious next step. Either confirmation or rejection of the hypothesis presented here should create new knowledge that will bring closer the eradication of a cause of human and animal suffering.

Participative generation of local indicators for conservation in Morelos, Mexico

Useful indicators for identification of plant species of importance to conservation were identified with the participation of informants from the town of Temimilcingo. The inhabitants of this central Mexican indigenous community use resources from the dry-deciduous forest within the Sierra de Monte Negro State Reserve. Semi-structured interviews and workshops were used, indicators and criteria were established, and local dimensions were identified. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. The cultural dominance in criteria and indicators was calculated and submitted to descriptive and multivariate analysis. Twenty-four indicators, nine criteria and five dimensions related to ecology, trade, use, categories of use (food, fuel, etc.), medicinal use (e.g. treat respiratory or digestive illness), and perceptions were identified. Indicators of Destructive Use and Scarcity were common among species, while the influence of Medicinal Use and its Perception varied. Indicators were connected to kinship, distribution of activities according to gender, level of interaction with external society and level of knowledge of plants. Some local indicators and scientific conservation indicators coincided. During the selection of species of importance to conservation, it should be possible to incorporate non-scientific indicators of Medicinal Use and Perception with scientific indicators. This allows for local participation in efforts toward sustainable development.

Message Delivered to the CAG Membership, from Dr William Paterson, CAG Past President, at the 2008 Annual General Meeting at CDDW 2008 in Montreal, Quebec

It is appropriate that my President’s end of term message comes on the heels of Richard Fedorak’s presentation, because it provides me with an opportunity to reinforce his message on the importance of our official foundation – the Canadian Digestive Health Foundation – to the future success of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG). The CAG is a vibrant organization that has been highly successful in providing research and educational opportunities to its membership. The research fellowship program is unparalleled in Canada. Our educational programs, whether delivered at the Canadian Digestive Diseases Week, via regional meetings or on our Web site, are also outstanding. More recently, we have expanded our role into public advocacy and have taken the lead in providing timely public responses to highly newsworthy gastroenterology (GI) issues. Because of the human resource initiative started by Des Leddin, we have been able to join the Wait Time Alliance and have had our wait time benchmarks formally accepted by the Canadian Medical Association. Despite these successes, we have a number of current and future challenges that need to be addressed. Just because we have joined the rather exclusive Wait Time Alliance club does not mean that we can now claim victory on wait times. For instance, the Ontario Ministry of Health’s recent decision to freeze GI training positions in Ontario, despite us providing them with compelling data supporting the need to increase the number of gastroenterologists, shows that we still have a lot of work to do. In addition, the dramatic increase in demand for colonoscopy that is occurring as colorectal screening programs start up across the country will further challenge us to provide high-quality and timely care for patients with digestive illness. As professionals, we must avoid the urge to cherry pick in our practices, and remember that our primary role as gastroenterologists should be to help patients get better and not simply to rule out disease. The generous financial support of our many industry partners has been integral to the success of our organization, and I would like to take this opportunity to formally thank our industry partners, who have taken what I believe in many instances to be a very altruistic approach to funding GI research and education in Canada. However, times are changing and I think it is clear that, in the future, industry may be constrained in their ability to provide the financial support they would like to give us and that we have been accustomed to. In addition, the research mandate of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research has been expanded significantly in recent years without a comparable budget allocation, so basic and applied research in GI will continue to feel the pinch. Thus, it is critically important that we, the CAG membership, fully support the Canadian Digestive Health Foundation now. It is our foundation, which, if successful, will not only be able to provide sustained support for education and research in gastroenterology, but will serve as a public vehicle to promote the need for enhanced resources for digestive diseases in Canada. My past four years on the CAG Executive have been challenging but very rewarding, and I want to take this opportunity to thank all the members of the CAG who have contributed to the success of this organization. The many hardworking members of the CAG Executive and Board have greatly facilitated my term as President – in particular, Des Leddin, Ron Bridges and Phil Sherman. Of course, the real key behind the success of our organization has been the outstanding staff in the CAG office – Karen Moritz, Louise Hope, Sandra Daniels and our invaluable executive director, Paul Sinclair. I would like to thank them for their excellent support in guiding me through my Presidency. It is time to move to the last agenda item of our meeting, and I must say that although I have enjoyed my term as President immensely, I have been looking forward to this particular moment, when I get to pass the gavel into the extremely capable hands of Dr Ron Bridges. Please join me in welcoming the 42nd President of the CAG. The CAG is proud to acknowledge its Benefactor Corporate Sponsors: Abbott Canada AstraZeneca Canada Inc Axcan Pharma Inc Nycomed Canada Inc Olympus Canada Inc Pentax Canada Inc Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Schering Canada Inc

Canadian Digestive Health Foundation: Interview with the New President, Dr Richard Fedorak

Canadian Digestive Health Foundation: Interview with the New President, Dr Richard Fedorak

Message from the CAG President

This article has no abstract.