Digestible Dry Matter Yield Research Articles

MORPHOLOGICAL, AGRONOMIC, AND QUALITY PROPERTIES OF THE TWO DEVELOPED POPULATIONS OF ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) UNDER NON-IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF SEMIARID REGIONS

Alfalfa is the most important crop in Turkey but there is no alfalfa cultivar developed for rainfed conditions under the semiarid regions in Turkey. For this reason, new cultivars are needed for using of rangeland improvement, artificial pasture establishment, and hay production. For this reason, the two alfalfa populations were developed by the mass selection method in the breeding project. These two advanced populations (L-533, and L-1739) were examined with the three control cultivars of alfalfa (Bilensoy-80, Savaş and Kayseri) for morphological, yield and quality traits in two various regions of Turkey in three experimental years. The present study results demonstrated that there were significant differences in terms of the plant height, but no differences in stem diameter, and stem number among the study genotypes. When evaluating all genotypes, the L-533 and Kayseri had the highest yield value, but the Savaş cultivar was the lowest. As compared to Bilensoy-80 cultivar, the L-533, and L-1739 populations gave higher at 22.27 and 11.57% in green forage yield; 18.30 and 10.13% in dry forage yields, respectively.
 In addition, statistically significant differences were found for ADF, NDF, and digestible dry matter yield among the study genotypes, except crude protein contents. Moreover, the highest crude protein content and digestible dry matter yield were obtained from the L-533 and L-1739, but the L-533 had also the lowest NDF content. The present study result showed that the L-533, and L-1739 had high adaptation capability, excellent yield, and good quality performance in dry conditions under semi-arid regions and could be used as commercial cultivars.

Comparing the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids in organic and conventional agriculture

The European Green Deal was published by the European Commission in 2019. The main aim of the program is to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, making Europe the first climate-neutral continent in the world. To achieve this, criteria are also set for agriculture: increasing the share of land under organic farming to 25%, reducing the use of fertilisers and pesticides. However, the benefits of organic farming are widely debated. The aim of our study was to compare the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids bred in Martonvasar in two different cropping environments. The silage yields of 20 different maize hybrids were evaluated in a three replicate small plot experiment in an organic field and an adjacent conventional field. The average green mass yield of the hybrids was 36,58 t ha-1 in the organic field and 43,03 t ha-1 in the conventional. The green mass yield in the organic area was 20% lower than in the conventional area, and the dry matter yield and digestible dry matter yield were about 18% lower. Hybrids of different maturity groups responded differently to organic cultivation. The yields of early hybrids decreased more and late hybrids less in the organic farming compared to the conventional production.

Investigation on the forage utilization of indica and japonica weedy rice with strong ratooning ability

AbstractThere was few research on the utilization and development of weedy rice. Some weedy rice has remarkable good characteristics as forage in some soil which is difficult to plant crops and pastures. In this study, two weedy rice lines of japonica and indica subspecies with high ratooning ability (Xijing, japonica; Gaoxian, indica) were used to study the possibility of their forage utilization and related suitable cultivation methods. Three different stubble heights of first season were set in 2018 and 2019, and three cutting times of first season (heading stage, milk stage, and waxy ripening stage) were set in 2019. The ratoon grass was harvested 40 days after the first season harvest. For japonica weedy rice line Xijing, its grass yield was significantly lower than that of indica weedy rice line Gaoxian. The dry matter yield of first season grass plus ratoon grass of Gaoxian with the first season harvested at milk stage was the highest of all. The total digestible dry matter yield (first season grass plus ratoon grass) of Gaoxian with 15 cm cutting stubble of first season was higher than those of stubble 30 and 45 cm treatments (p < .05). In conclusions, indica weedy rice line Gaoxian, with high biomass of first season and good ratooning ability, had the good potential for forage development by harvesting first season at milk stage with 15 cm stubble height.

Forage production and quality of <i>Urochloa decumbens</i> cultivar ‘Basilisk’ in Okinawa, Japan

Two studies were conducted to assess forage growth and nutritive value of Urochloa decumbens (syn. Brachiaria decumbens) cultivar ‘Basilisk’ in comparison with other grass species grown in Okinawa during 2002–2005 and 2006–2008. Harvests were performed every 40 days from April to October and every 55 days from November to March. In Experiment 1, from 2002 to 2005 total dry matter (DM) yield of ‘Basilisk’ (119.5 t/ha) was significantly higher than that of Digitaria eriantha cultivar ‘Transvala’ (87.4 t/ha; P = 0.01), one of the most popular recommended grass varieties in Okinawa Prefecture. Mean DM digestibility of ‘Basilisk’ was 56.7%, significantly higher than that of other recommended grass varieties (54.5–51.4%). In addition, total digestible DM yield (64.8 t/ha) and crude protein (CP) yield (13.7 t/ha) of ‘Basilisk’ were significantly higher than those of other varieties including ‘Transvala’ (P<0.01). In Experiment 2, total DM yield of ‘Basilisk’ during 2006–2008 was 93.0 t/ha and significantly higher only than that of Urochloa mutica (syn. Brachiaria mutica) (78.6 t/ha; P<0.01), whereas mean DM digestibility (54.8%) was significantly higher only than that of Chloris gayana cultivar ‘Katambora’ (52.8%; P<0.05). Total digestible DM yield (48.8 t/ha) of ‘Basilisk’ was significantly higher only than that of U. mutica (40.3 t/ha; P<0.01) while its total CP yield (10.4 t/ha) was similar to those of other Urochloa cultivars (P>0.05). As a result, in 2016 ‘Basilisk’ was approved to be added to the list of grasses recommended for sowing in Okinawa Prefecture for improving beef production in the area. A suitable supply of seed to allow this cultivar to be sown widely is essential if its potential for improving beef production in the region is to be realized.

Biomass production, water use efficiency and nutritional value parameters of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes as affected by seed hydro-priming and transplanting

To investigate hydropriming and transplanting effect on biomass and nutritional content of forage sorghum, a two-year field experiment was conducted in the semiarid condition of Iran. Experimental factor consisted of planting dates (July-1st, July-11th, July-23rd, August-1st) in the main plot and the factorial combination of planting methods (direct planting, hydropriming, transplanting) with cultivars (Speedfeed and Pegah) in the subplot. Planting date postponement from 1st of July to 10th of July, 23rd of July, and 1st of August, respectively, caused 16.1, 32.5 and 47.2% reduction in dry matter yield (DMY) and 7.4, 20.2, and 35.1% reduction in water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY). Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting. Hydropriming compared to direct planting caused 29% increase in plant growth rate and utilized growing season more productively than transplanting for DMY production. Conclusively, hydropriming and transplanting compensated for delay in planting through enhancing and accelerating germination and plant development but, applying hydropriming on Speedfeed and planting in July-1st caused the highest DMY, WUEDMY and the yield of nutritive parameters.

Biomass production, water use efficiency and nutritional value parameters of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes as affected by seed hydro-priming and transplanting

To investigate hydropriming and transplanting effect on biomass and nutritional content of forage sorghum, a two-year field experiment was conducted in the semiarid condition of Iran. Experimental factor consisted of planting dates (July-1st, July-11th, July-23rd, August-1st) in the main plot and the factorial combination of planting methods (direct planting, hydropriming, transplanting) with cultivars (Speedfeed and Pegah) in the subplot. Planting date postponement from 1st of July to 10th of July, 23rd of July, and 1st of August, respectively, caused 16.1, 32.5 and 47.2% reduction in dry matter yield (DMY) and 7.4, 20.2, and 35.1% reduction in water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY). Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting. Hydropriming compared to direct planting caused 29% increase in plant growth rate and utilized growing season more productively than transplanting for DMY production. Conclusively, hydropriming and transplanting compensated for delay in planting through enhancing and accelerating germination and plant development but, applying hydropriming on Speedfeed and planting in July-1st caused the highest DMY, WUEDMY and the yield of nutritive parameters.

Production and nutritional value of wheat and triticale cultivars in different harvest times in the Minas Gerais semiarid

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the productive performance and nutritional value of forage of wheat and triticale cultivars at different harvest times in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais. Eight wheat cultivars and two triticale cultivars harvested at three stages of plant development were evaluated: Rubberization, grain at the stage of soft mass and harvest maturation. The experimental design adopted was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 10 × 3, with three replicates, 10 cultivars and 3 developmental stages for plant collection. The main agronomic characteristics and nutritional value were evaluated of forage of the cultivars under study. The study demonstrated the potential of wheat and triticale cultivation for forage in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais. The mean dry matter yield of wheat cultivars was 5.90 t ha-1, 7.85 t ha-1 and 7.98 t ha-1 and triticale 6.47 t ha-1, 9.97 t ha-1 and 10.5 t ha-1 for the rubber harvesting stages, grain at the stage of soft mass and harvest maturation, respectively. For the average crude protein content, the wheat cultivars showed 15.07%, 9.13%, 10.60% and the triticale cultivars showed 14.4%, 9.31% and 10.05% for the harvest stages of rubber formation, grain at the stage of soft mass and harvest maturation, respectively. When evaluating the average levels of total digestible nutrients, the wheat and triticale cultivars showed an average of 48.90% and 48.67% in the rubber harvesting stage and 42.68% and 49.60% in the grain in the mass stage suave and 44.43% and 42.90% at harvest maturation. The highest yield of digestible dry matter was observed with the cultivars harvested at the grain stage at the soft mass stage. Triticale IPR 111 and Wheat IPR PANATY had greater productive potential and better nutritional quality for use as forage.

Determining the proper sowing time for the mixture of Hungarian vetch and triticale under continental climate conditions

ABSTRACT: The research was conducted to determine forage yield and some quality characteristics of Hungarian vetch + triticale mixture, sowed in five different times under rainfed conditions of central Anatolia, Turkey. The mixture was sowed in the second, third and fourth week of October, and the first and the second week of November in 2017 and 2018. Depending on the sowing times, plant height (PH) of Hungarian vetch and triticale was between 46.7 and 59.4 cm, and 85.9 and 93.4 cm, respectively. Green forage yield (GFY) was between 1746.2 and 2059.4 kg da-1, dry matter yield (DMY) was between 541.0 and 707.6 kg da-1, crude protein yield (CPY) was between 80.4 and 110.3 kg da-1, digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) was between 340.8 and 453.9 kg da-1, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ratio was between 31.8 and 33.7%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio was between 44.7 and 49.5%, total digestible nutrient (TDN) was between 57.9 and 60.4% and relative feed value (RFV) was between 118.6 and 133.8. Sowing time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on PH of triticale, while it has a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on GFY, DMY, CPY, DDMY, NDF ratios and RFV. Delaying the sowing time caused a decrease in the GFY, DMY and quality of the mixture. Results revealed that the first week of October is the most appropriate sowing time to obtain high dry matter yield with high quality under continental climate conditions of the central Anatolia.

Herbage Yield and Quality of Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam) as Influenced by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Management

A field experiment was carried out at Forage Section Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), India during Rabi (winter) season to study the effect of different nitrogen and phosphorus levels on annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Among different N levels, significantly highest green fodder yield (GFY) was recorded at N3 (80 kg N ha-1 at sowing + 20 kg N ha-1 at three weeks after sowing + 40 kg ha-1 N after each cut). The total green fodder and dry matter yield recorded with 220 kg N ha-1 were 28.10, 10.40 and 35.51, 8.80 per cent higher over 120 and 170 kg N ha-1 respectively. Highest in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) content (62.34%) was estimated with 220 kg N ha-1 which was on a par with 170 kg N ha-1. However, maximum digestible dry matter yield (35.91 q ha-1) was estimated with 220 kg N ha-1 which was significantly higher over the lower nitrogen levels. Among different phosphorus levels, highest GFY was recorded at P3 (50 kg P2O5 ha-1) which was on a par with P2 (40 kg P2O5 ha-1). The green fodder and dry matter yield recorded with 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 were 3.78, 22.79 and 4.72, 35.51 per cent higher over 40 and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 respectively. Crude protein content and IVDMD content were not affected significantly. However, maximum crude protein yield (5.63 q ha-1) digestible dry matter yield (34.90 q ha-1) were estimated with 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 which were on a par with 40 kg P2O5 ha-1. To realize the higher forage yield and better nutritive value of ryegrass, application 220 kg N (80 kg N ha-1 as basal + 20 kg N ha-1 as topdressing at 3 WAS + 40 kg ha-1 N just after each cut) and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 is recommended for soils low in available nitrogen and medium in phosphorus.

Effects of Limited Irrigation on Forage Yield, Nutritive Value and Water Use Efficiency of Persian Clover (Trifolium Resupinatum) Compared to Berseem Clover (Trifolium Alexandrinum)

ABSTRACT To evaluate the forage yield and quality of Berseem and Persian clover cultivars, a two-year experiment was conducted during two growing seasons (2017–2018 and 2018–2019). Irrigation was the main factor, including full irrigation (I100), moderately limited (I75), and severely limited irrigation (I50). The sub-factor consisted of ten cultivars of clover, five of which were Persian clover (Pars, Aleshtar, Eghlid, Harat, and Zabol) and five cultivars of Berseem clover (Karaj, Elite, Ekinaton, Vienna, and Alex). The results showed that the highest dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yield under all irrigation levels were obtained from the Berseem clover cultivars. Imposing limited irrigation reduced the DM yield, digestible dry matter (DDM) yield and content, CP yield, dry matter intake (DMI), and relative feed value (RFV) of forage, whereas the content of CP, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) increased. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) for DM, DDM, and CP yield under limited irrigation were also increased. Comparison of two groups of Persian and Berseem clover cultivars also showed that with increasing drought stress intensity, in Berseem cultivars, DM yield, DDM yield and content, and RFV decrease was higher. Increasing IWUE under limited irrigation was higher in Persian cultivars for DM and DDM yield. Overall, Berseem clover had higher forage yield and water use efficiency in all irrigation regimes, and the forage quality of this species showed more sensitivity to drought. Abbreviations :I100, I75, and I50, full, moderately limited, and severely limited irrigation (equivalent to 100, 75, and 50% weekly evaporation and crop water requirement, respectively); DM, dry matter; CP, crude protein; ADF, acid detergent fiber; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; DDM: digestible dry matter; WSC, water-soluble carbohydrates; DMI, dry matter intake; RFV, relative feed value; IWUE, irrigation water use efficiency.

Effect of additives and filling methods on whole plant corn silage quality, fermentation characteristics and in situ digestibility.

ObjectiveThis project aimed to evaluate the effects of both different additives and filling methods on nutritive quality, fermentation profile, and in situ digestibility of whole plant corn silage.MethodsWhole plant corn forage harvested at 26.72% dry matter (DM) was chopped and treated with two filling methods, i) fill silos at one time (F1), ii) fill silos at three times (F3), packing samples into one/three silo capacity at the first day, another one/three capacity at the second day, then one/three at the third day, three replicates. For each replicate, samples were treated with three additives, i) control (CTRL, no additive), ii) Sila-Max (MAX, Ralco Nutrition Inc., Marshall, MN, USA), and iii) Sila-Mix (MIX, Ralco Nutrition Inc., USA). With three replicates of each secondary treatment, there were nine silos, 54 silos in total. Each silo had a packing density of 137.61 kg of DM/m3. All silos were weighed and stored in lab at ambient temperature.ResultsAfter 60 d of ensiling, all items showed good silage fermentation under MAX filled one time or three times (p<0.01). Higher silage quality for all additives was obtained at filling one time than that filled three times (p<0.01). The highest DM and lowest DM loss rate (DMLR) occurred to MAX treatment at two filling methods (p<0.01); Digestibility of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and curde protein had the same results as silage quality (p<0.01). Yield of digestible DM and digestible NDF also showed higher value under MAX especially for filling one time (p<0.05).ConclusionAll corn silages showed good fermentation attributes (pH<4.0). The forage filled one time had higher silage quality than that filled three times (p<0.01). MAX with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria enhanced the lactic acid fermentation, silage quality and nutrient digestibility, and so improved the digestible nutrient yield.

Forage potential of sorghum-clover intercropping systems in semi-arid conditions

ABSTRACT To identify the optimum intercropping system of sorghum and clover in terms of quantity and quality of forage yield, a two-year experiment was conducted in a semi-arid region of Iran, during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of eight cropping systems: S75C25 (75% sorghum + 25% clover), S50C50 and S25C75, as replacement series; S100C50, S50C100, and S100C100 as additive series; and sole cultures of sorghum and clover. The highest and lowest dry matter (DM) yield (29.17 and 10.71 Mg·ha-1) were found in the S100C100 and clover monoculture systems, respectively. Although the highest content of crude protein (CP) and digestible dry matter (DDM) were recorded from clover monoculture, the maximum yield of CP and DDM were obtained from the S100C100. Increasing the proportion of clover in intercropping decreased the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, increased the relative feed value, net energy for lactation and dry matter intake. Increasing the proportion of sorghum in intercropping improved the yield of DM, CP and DDM. The land equivalent ratio for DM yield was higher than one in all intercropping treatments but were significantly higher in the additive intercropping systems. Overall, it could be concluded that sorghum and clover additive intercropping systems increased forage yield and quality, however if simultaneous increase of the quantity and quality of forage is the interest of this study then the S100C100 system had a significant advantage over other treatments and can be a suitable alternative for sorghum and clover monoculture systems in semi-arid regions.

Farklı Tohum Oranlarında Ekilen Macar Fiği (Vicia Pannonica Crantz.) ve Tritikalenin (Xtriticosecale Wittmack) Yem Değeri ve Rumende Parçalanabilirlik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

The aim of the study was to determine forage yield, forage quality and in situ rumen degradation characteristics of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) mixtures with triticale (x Triticosecale sp. Wittmack) in different seeding rates (HV, 75:25 HVT, 50:50 HVT, 25:75 HVT and T) during the flowering period of triticale. The research was carried out in the experimental lands of Gaziosmanpaşa University Agricultural Application and Research Center during the 2015-2016 vegetation period. Field experiment was designed as Randomized Block Design with 3 replicates. Besides, three rumen cannulated Karayaka rams (average 3 year old) were used to determine dry matter degradablity characteristics of pure and mixtures by using in situ method according to randomized design. The results that biomass and dry matter yield were not different among the groups, whereas the highest crude protein concentration (13.12%) was determined in the pure sown Hungarian vetch (P&amp;lt;0.01). In addition, the maximum crude protein yield was obtained from 75:25HVT group. In terms of effective dry matter digestibility, 50:50HVT experimental group, ED2, ED5 and ED8 (720.82, 706.1 and 692.64 g kg-1) was found to have the highest dry matter degradability. It was concluded that in case of mixed cultivation of Hungarian vetch and triticale, more digestible dry matter yield and crude protein yield can be obtained compared to pure cultivation.

Prinos i kvalitet biomase cele biljke četiri hibrida kukuruza za proizvodnju silaže

This paper presents the results of a study on the yields of green matter, dry matter and digestible dry matter of the whole plant of four ZP silage maize hybrids (gown in four different locations in the Republic of Serbia) and the quality of their whole-plant biomass. The results obtained indicate that the highest average yields of green matter (40.4 t·ha-1), dry matter (14.4 t·ha-1) and digestible dry matter of the whole plant (8.8 t·ha-1) were recorded in the ZP 707 hybrid at all four locations considered. The highest average content of lignocellulosic fibres was detected in the ZP 735 hybrid, which also exhibited the lowest dry matter digestibility of the whole plant (57.24%). The highest average digestibility of dry matter (61.00%) and NDF (NDFD - Neutral Detergent Fibres Digestibility) (26.20%) of the whole maize plant was determined in the ZP 707 hybrid, which also had the lowest average content of all lignocellulosic fibres.

Nutritional value and digestible dry matter production of oat genotypes for ensiling

Abstract This study evaluated dry matter yield and nutritional characteristics of different oat genotypes (Avena spp.) for ensiling. Treatments consisted of genotypes of white oat IPR 126 (Avena sativa), black oat Cabocla IPR and Agrocoxilha (Avena strigosa), and BRS Madrugada and BRS Centauro (Avena vertis). Oats were harvested at the phenological stage of milk/dough grain. The design was a completely randomized block scheme, with five treatments and three replications per treatment. The IPR Cabocla genotype showed the highest dry matter content (before and after silo opening) and in vitro dry matter digestibility of fresh forage. No differences were observed for in vitro dry matter digestibility and dry matter losses among silages. The highest silage digestible dry matter yield (kg ha-1) was observed for the BRS Centauro genotype. Thus, despite the better nutritional quality presented by the IPR Cabocla genotype before ensiling, BRS Centauro genotype presented a higher yield of digestible dry matter per hectare.

FEED QUALITY TRAITS OF BAGASSE OF SOME SWEET SORGHUM GENOTYPES

This study was conducted to determine some feed quality characteristics of silage made from bagasse after juice extractioning of stalks of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Moench). The research was carried out from June to November in 2016 and 2017. Twenty one sweet sorghum genotypes were used as treatments were used under randomized complete block design with four replications According to the two-year averages; there were statistically significant differences in sweet sorghum genotypes in terms of all examined characteristics. According to the research results, digestible dry matter yield (DDMY), crude protein yield (CPY), dry matter intake (DMI) ratio, relative feed value (RFV), digestible dry matter (DDM) ratio and net energy (NEI) were ranged from 6472.3 – 16500.5 kg ha-1, 418.0 – 996.3 kg ha-1, 1.775 – 3.050%, 73.5 – 162.8, 53.43 – 69.84% and 1.225 – 1.575 Mcal kg-1 KM respectively. While UNL-hybrid-3, Thesis and Smith genotypes can be recommended for silage quality characteristics. No41 and Gulseker genotypes performed poorly in terms of silage quality.

Developing ratoon rice as forage in subtropical and temperate areas

Developing ratoon rice as forage could increase forage yield without extra demand on the fields in subtropical and temperate rice planting areas. In this research, fourteen Indica rice varieties were first used in 2014 to select suitable ones as ratoon rice. The results indicated that the regeneration rate, regrowth tiller height, and the dry matter yield of Zhunliangyou 608 were significantly higher than other varieties (p < 0.05). In 2015 and 2018, Zhunliangyou 608 was set three cutting heights of first season (H15: 15 cm, H30:30 cm and H45: 45 cm), four gibberellic acid (GA) treatments with 60 g·hm−2 (GCK: spraying the same volume clean water to rice; G1, G6, G10: spraying GA on the 1st, 6th and 10th day after first harvest, respectively), and two harvest times for ratoon rice (T30 and T37 : the 30th and 37th day after first harvest, respectively), to investigate their effects on the yield and forage quality of ratoon rice. The results indicated that the T37H30G6 treatment was the best of all, for its ratoon rice feeding quality, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) content were higher than those of most other treatments in two years and its ratoon rice digestible dry matter yield (DDM) plus that of the first season rice straw was the highest of all. With the delay of ratoon rice harvest, the DDM, NSC and IVDMD increased, while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) decreased. In conclusion, Zhunliangyou 608 could be used as ratoon rice in subtropical and temperate rice planting areas to produce good quality forage, with 30 cm stubble height for the first season, applying GA on the 6th day and cutting on the 37th day after first harvest with 5 cm cutting height.

Yield and Quality Feature of Some Silage Sorghum and Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid Cultivars in Ecological Conditions of Kırşehir Province

Bu&#x0D; araştırma Kırşehir ilinde 2016-2017 yaz yetiştirme sezonunda bazı sorgum ve&#x0D; sorgum-sudanotu melez çeşitlerinin&#x0D; verim ve kalite özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla tek lokasyonda yürütülmüştür.&#x0D; Bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülen bu&#x0D; çalışmada, üç sorgum (Gözde 80, Early Sumac, Rox) ve altı sorgum-sudanotu&#x0D; (Aneto, Greengo, Teide, Sugar Graze, Gardavan, Jumbo) melez çeşidi kullanılmıştır.&#x0D; Denemeye alınan sorgum ve sorgum-sudanotu melez çeşitleri arasında özellikler&#x0D; bakımından önemli derecede farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir. İki yıllık&#x0D; ortalama sonuçlara göre; çeşitlerin kuru madde verimleri 1185.3 (Gözde 80) – 28957.3 (Jumbo) kg ha-1, ham&#x0D; protein verimleri 8777.5 (Gözde 80) ve 2799.8 (Jumbo) kg ha-1 ve sindirilebilir kuru madde verimleri 7396.5 (Gözde 80) ve17908.3 (Jumbo) kg ha-1. Protein oranı&amp;nbsp; % 7.3 (Gözde 80) - 10.4 (Aneto), ADF oranı %&#x0D; 30.1 (Rox) - 37.4 (Early Sumac), NDF % 44.6 (Rox)- 57.2 (Early Sumac), ADL % 4.2 (Early Sumac) - 5.6 (Teide ) SKMO % 59.7 (Early Sumac) -&#x0D; 65.5 (Rox) arasında değişmiştir. Kırşehir&#x0D; ekolojik koşullarında verim ve kalite bakımdan Jumbo&#x0D; çeşidi ile Greengo çeşidi alternatif bir yem bitkisi olarak&#x0D; yetiştirilebileceği belirlenmiştir.

&lt;b&gt;Fermentation characteristics and nutritive values of sorghum silages

The objective of this study was to select sorghum genotypes for silage production. The study was carried out at Embrapa Maize &amp; Sorghum’s experimental field. Planting was performed in randomized blocks, with three replicates and the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. The material was ensilaged in laboratory silos opened after 56 days for analysis concerning fermentation and bromatological composition. Only crude protein showed no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05), with an overall mean of 8.88%. The other variables presented significant differences (p &lt; 0.05): pH (3.34 to 3.94); Aw (0.93 to 0.98); N-NH 3/TN (1.61 to 6.56%); green matter yield (12.05 to 34.14 t ha-1); dry matter yield (6.19 to 11.42 t ha-1); dry matter (26.89 to 49.95%); ashes (4.08 to 6.88%); neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (47.67 to 65.79%); acid detergent fiber (16.62 to 35.89%); hemicellulose:cellulose (1.07 to 2.71%); lignin (2.03 to 6.52%), digestible dry matter yield (3.70 to 7.41 t ha-1) and dry matter digestibility (56.36 to 72.67%). Based on digestible dry matter yield, the genotypes: male 201191 and hybrids 2012F47484, 2012F47515 and 2012F47525 stood out in relation to the others for showing good yielding, adequate nutritional value, with low dry matter and NDF levels coupled with high digestibility values and good fermentation patterns of the silages.

Sığ toprakta sulamadan etkilenen mısır ve sorgum çeşitlerinin su kullanım etkinliği, verimi ve besin değeri

To investigate the changes in irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and some agronomic and nutritional characteristics of forage maize and sorghum cultivars (cvs) irrigated in a shallow soil, two maize and seven sorghum cvs were evaluated in rain-fed (NIR) and irrigated (IR) field conditions for a 3-year period. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement. The irrigation increased plant height of forages whereas decreased metabolizable energy and relative feed values. There was an advantage for sorghum cvs over maize cvs regarding to agronomic and nutritional traits in a shallow soil, irrespective of irrigation. The IR-cvs had higher yield and nutritional quality compared to the NIR-cvs. The IWUE values of Jumbo, Grazer, Hayday, El Rey and Gozde cvs were higher than those of other sorghum cvs. The studied cvs, except for El Rey (the highest) and Rox (the lowest) had similar IWUE values. The plant heights and dry matter (DM), digestible DM (DDM) and crude protein (CP) yields of sorghum cvs were greater than those of maize cvs, except for Rox and Early sumac. When cvs classes were compared for the yields of DM, DDM and CP, the classes ranked in the following order: Rx-893 = Karadeniz Yildizi = Rox = Early Sumac ≤ Gözde = Grazer = Hayday = Jumbo = El Rey.