Diffusion Of New Technologies Research Articles

Challenges of maritime human resource management for the transition to shipping digitalization

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges that appear in maritime human resource management, in the face of the digitalized environment in maritime business, due to the diffusion of new technologies, such as big data analytics, blockchain technology, and future MASS technology. The current study is based on a systematic review of the relevant literature attempting to respond to the analysis of the challenges described above. The study reveals that existing scientific interest concentrates on the training and education of the maritime workforce, the new skills required as well as the possible loss of traditional jobs and the creation of new ones, while mainly examining the seagoing personnel. However, limited attention has been paid to the practices of human resource management, which could facilitate the transition to the new era of maritime business. This study aims at contributing to the research in the field of Maritime HRM by revealing gaps in existing literature and suggesting areas for future research as well as new methodological approaches in addressing these gaps.

Assessment of risk attitudes of smallholder farmers in south-west, Nigeria

All production is subjected to risk and uncertainty, but the risks associated with agricultural production are particularly salient. Diffusion of new technologies by smallholder farmers as well as outcomes of rural development programmes depends largely ontheir attitudes towards risks. Understanding and quantifying farmers’ risk attitudes is critical to market outcomes and policy designs. It is on this premises that, this study profile the risk attitudes of smallholder farmers in South-west, Nigeria. This study was conducted in South-west Nigeria. Four-stage random sampling technique was employed. First, was the selection of two States out of the six states in South-west, Nigeria. Second stage is the selection of two zones per state. Third, was the selection of two Local Governments per zone and fourth stage was the selection of 33 smallholder farmers per local governments. Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Multinomial Logistics regression. Results of this study show that majority of the smallholder farmers are risk averse. An increase in years of experience, household size, and income diversification decreased the probability of a farmer inclining towards risk aversion while access to credit facilities and landownership increased the probability towards risk aversion (p-value<0.05).

Türkiye Eğitim Politikalarının Avrupa Birliği Eğitim Politikaları Doğrultusunda Değerlendirilmesi

The strategy of creating a competitive and knowledge Europe lies at the heart of European Union education policies. The strategy for creating an Information Europe is the dominant element in the document Towards an Information Europe, the Commission Communique. The strategy includes the development of human potential by ensuring the full participation of all citizens in cultural, social and political life, as well as in economic life. Education policies are shaped within the framework of this structure. The European Union education policies have to find the balance between Decoupling and cooperation. Because while social policies are being developed to protect cultural differences, economic policies are oriented to the development of stronger areas of cooperation Within the framework of the basic education program in Turkey, efforts are being made to switch to computerized education at all levels of education starting from primary education, to provide Internet access to every school and to produce educational programs as software. However, sufficient progress has not been achieved in the use and dissemination of new technologies. In addition, it is hoped that students' achievements will increase based on the computer equipment provided to schools in Turkey. Equipping schools with computers should not be seen as a guarantee for students to succeed. The Ministry of National Education has taken important steps towards the use of new technologies in education management by creating a system-level personnel knowledge bank and school databases. It can be said that these efforts aimed at spreading information technologies in the educational system cannot be put into a systematic structure in terms of gaining computer competencies of students and teachers. Key Words: Education, Basic Education, Education Policies, European Union

The geography of technological innovation dynamics

Cities and metropolitan areas are major drivers of creativity and innovation in all possible sectors: scientific, technological, social, artistic, etc. The critical concentration and proximity of diverse mindsets and opportunities, supported by efficient infrastructures, enable new technologies and ideas to emerge, thrive, and trigger further innovation. Though this pattern seems well established, geography’s role in the emergence and diffusion of new technologies still needs to be clarified. An additional important question concerns the identification of the technological innovation pathways of metropolitan areas. Here, we explore the factors that influence the spread of technology among metropolitan areas worldwide and how geography and political borders impact this process. Our evidence suggests that political geography has been highly important for the diffusion of technological innovation till around two decades ago, slowly declining afterwards in favour of a more global patenting ecosystem. Further, the visualisation of the evolution of countries and metropolitan areas in a 2d space of competitiveness and diversification reveals the existence of two main technological innovation pathways, discriminating between different strategies towards progress. Our work provides insights for policymakers seeking to promote economic growth and technological advancement through tailored investments in prioritarian technological innovation areas.

Technology diffusion and international business cycles

This paper shows that the cross-country diffusion of innovations forms a critical channel through which macroeconomic shocks are transmitted across economies. This inference is obtained from a two country, medium scale DSGE model that includes an endogenous growth mechanism. R&D activity and innovation are the main components of this mechanism and they are introduced through a labor-augmenting technology. The model features international diffusion of technologies as the innovations by a firm are not only adopted by other firms within a country but also by those in the other country. Estimating the model with US and Euro Area data, I observe that foreign shocks contribute a high share to the macroeconomic volatility in each economy. By contrast, foreign shocks make a negligible contribution when the model is estimated after shutting down technology diffusion. The results, more generally, show that it is not technology shocks, nor any other shock, but the transmission of shocks through the diffusion of new technologies that is the key driver of international business cycles.

The operation and applicability to hydrogen fuel technology of green hydrogen production by water electrolysis using offshore wind power

Hydrogen is gaining attention as a transportation fuel due to its potential for long-term and sustainable energy supply, as well as its capacity to address security and environmental concerns. However, the widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles requires overcoming certain barriers, including the vehicle-infrastructure system and zero-emission hydrogen production. Establishing a hydrogen fueling infrastructure that is compatible with hydrogen vehicles and developing sustainable hydrogen production technologies are of paramount importance. Additionally, factors such as the cost of green hydrogen production and its economic viability must be taken into account. Therefore, the development and dissemination of new technologies for carbon-free or low-carbon hydrogen production are crucial for the hydrogen production and hydrogen fuel sectors. In this study, a comprehensive model is presented for the installation of a green hydrogen production facility. The model focuses on utilizing Offshore Wind Technology (OWF) for hydrogen production through water electrolysis, as well as the storage and transportation of the produced hydrogen for use in hydrogen fuel stations. OWF technology is specifically addressed in this study to overcome its limited approach in the green hydrogen industry and address these limitations. The suggested model for green hydrogen production has been discussed, outlining the stages of hydrogen production, storage, and transportation, with its application in the Edirne-Enez location. Furthermore, a detailed techno-economic analysis of the modeled green hydrogen production facility is conducted. According to this analysis, the cost of producing green hydrogen through OWF is projected to be 6.26 EUR/kg in 2023, decreasing significantly to 1.13 EUR/kg by 2050. When accounting for fuel transportation and fuel station expenses, the overall hydrogen cost is estimated to be 10.7 EUR/kg in 2023 and 2.42 EUR/kg in 2050. Given the current state of hydrogen vehicle technology, the cost per kilometer is projected to be 0.0927 EUR/km in the year 2023 and is expected to decrease to 0.021 EUR/km by the year 2050.

Network effects—do they matter for digital technologies diffusion?

PurposeThe main research target of this paper is to capture the network effects using the case of mobile cellular telephony, identified in European telecommunication markets, and its determinants enhancing the process of digital technologies diffusion.Design/methodology/approachThis research relies on panel and dynamic panel regression analysis. The empirical sample covers 30 European countries, and the period for the analysis is set for 2000–2019.FindingsThis work contributes by examining the network effects identified on European telecommunication markets that drive the process of digital technologies diffusion, but it also extends the understanding of the latter by tracing major determinants of fast network expansion, e.g. prices of access to and use of, per capita income, urbanisation, population density, accessibility of fixed telephony infrastructure. The main findings support the initial supposition that the installed base strongly enhances diffusion of new technologies, while other factors, for example, prices, are not of prime importance.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has certain managerial implications. The unveiled network effects driving adoption of technological innovations constitute a significant determinant of implementation of differentiation strategy by telecommunication companies. Due to network effects consumers' propensity to join the network is valued higher than the prices of services offered, which is crucial not only from the perspective of the company's pricing strategy but also enables telecommunication companies to introduce to the market new products and/or services concentrating on increasing its quality and usability rather than future prices.Originality/valueThis is the first work that empirically verifies the intercompanies and interpersonal diffusion of cellular telephony, hypothesising that this process relies on unique network effects.

High-speed internet access and diffusion of new technologies in nonmetro areas

Using Federal Communications Commission internet data during the period 2014–2021, this paper studies high-speed internet access across metro and nonmetro areas by technology types. The paper develops the measures of the tract-level availability of a technology, based on the number of internet service providers of the technology in each census block. The analysis shows that all technologies had been less available and slower in nonmetro areas than metro areas even after controlling for relevant factors such as household incomes and labor market conditions. In addition, a new technology, namely Cable Modem-DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications) 3.1, had replaced an old one, namely Cable Modem-DOCSIS 3.0, in nonmetro areas at much slower rates than in metro areas. The paper then discusses policy implications of the high-speed internet gap.

Augmenting climate-resilient energy infrastructure through National and International Standards for Renewables

Kenya’s Energy sector has an installed capacity of 3.601 GW (grid-connected 3.321 GW and captive 280.76 MW), with 80.48% coming directly from Renewable energy sources. This huge percentage of renewable energy in the energy mix, however, is not reflected in the adoption or development of Standards. Standards help enhance the safety and efficiency of products, security, and quality assurance while ensuring interconnectivity and interoperability of components. Standards enable the dissemination of new technologies, good practises, and ultimately a climate-resilient energy infrastructure (CREI). To achieve CREI, standards act as a catalyst for advancing the attainment of economies of scale for renewables while also providing technical specifications to accelerate their deployment. This study thus addresses the ominous gap that exists due to the lack of a proper standard inventory across all renewables. In this way, this work addresses the irregular and at times inconsistent gap between the direct causal link between policy and standards on the one side and application areas such as management, information systems, and social use of renewable energy on the other. The study employed the Mixed Methods Research (MMR) approach to enable an understanding of the Renewable Energy (RE) standards environment in Kenya. In addition, realistic literature reviews and metaanalysis literature reviews were employed to deal with complex standards within the renewable energy sector. The study demonstrated that in the majority of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs), major gaps in terms of standards exist for various RETs, the import of this being that the majority of RETs cannot be manufactured locally. The study also concludes that a low awareness exists of standard implementation, and further, due to a lack of awareness of technological innovations on the global level, the development of national standards and capacity building of competent staff (including techno-financial support for renewable energy technologies) have been significantly hampered. Subsequently, the study does appreciate the role of universities and higher educational institutions as being central in the research and analysis of renewable energy technologies as well as the adaptation and/or adoption of local and international standards.

Productivity divergence and the role of digitalisation

Productivity development in general has been extensively studied. Behind the aggregates, there are a variety of firms which potentially show substantial productivity differences. The productivity distribution is, to a large extent, unexploited in a Swedish context. This paper investigates productivity development in different parts of the productivity distribution, trends in the rate of mobility of the least productive firms to the upper productivity ladder, and whether differences can be observed depending on the digital intensity and the intangible asset intensity of the sector. We find increases in productivity differences over time, with greater increases in digital-intensive sectors and sectors characterised by a large share of intangible assets. Although there is a positive catch-up rate of laggard firms, the catch-up effect in the above sectors is found to decline over time, which is a sign of increasing barriers to the adoption and diffusion of new technology and knowledge over time. Moreover, the catch-up is stronger for young firms and firms with higher levels of managerial quality. Policies designed to promote the absorptive capabilities, firm dynamics and knowledge diffusion can be effective tools to promote strong catch-up of laggard firms as well as productivity growth in general.

The Influence of Organizational Culture on the Adoption and Diffusion of New Technologies within Firms (2021)

The Influence of Organizational Culture on the Adoption and Diffusion of New Technologies within Firms (2021)

Popular diffusion as an instrument for overcoming barriers to digital health in Iran: the critical role of the pandemic

PurposeThe importance of champion leaders including tech-savvy leaders to digital government has been highlighted in the literature. Meanwhile, what was in the authors’ interest to explore was the role of business-savvy leaders or non-governmental digital champions as units of analysis, those who mobilized people's interest in digitalization and bypassed governmental barriers through this popular mobilization. They could be considered policy entrepreneurs for understanding policy change in the digitalization of the health sector. This study sought to shed light on the barriers and drivers of digital health in Iran.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers conducted interviews with actors of digital health businesses in Iran, including the Health Information Technology Center affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) administrative body and authorities, private companies active in digital health and health service providers. The purposive sampling method was applied, and 15 experts with relevant and valuable experiences as well as maximum variation to obtain representativeness and rich data were interviewed. Trustworthiness criteria were also used to assure the quality of the results. The data were analyzed based on directed content analysis using the MAXQDA10 software.FindingsIt was found out how popular diffusion was effective to overcome barriers to health digitalization. Access to the internet and diffusion of information technology helped the net-enabled businesses to connect directly to people and provide services to them. Diffusion of these services forced the public sector to adjust itself, and thus MOHME banned digital consultation services because of the so-called “insecure and unknown physicians”, following the increased popularity of digital services diffusion, but they were not able to resist popular diffusion of new technology. Hence, it was allowed to work. The main barriers to telemedicine spreading in Iran have been divided into five main categories including government incapacity for digital health governance, conflict of interest, professional obligations for information transparency, protection of patients' rights and data security and privacy.Originality/valueAs a game changer in digital health governance in Iran, popular diffusion will determine the future of digital health. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first ones to explore digital health governance in relation to the private digital health business in Iran with a public policy approach.

Early adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in the agricultural sector: A phenomenological analysis

ABSTRACT The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies is generating an expansion of new capabilities in traditional sectors such as agriculture, giving rise to the AgTech phenomenon. However, the speed of adoption varies according to the characteristics of farmers and the relationships between them and a set of actors within an ecosystem that can favor or hinder innovation. The literature recognizes the importance of early adopters in the process of technology diffusion. Therefore, this article aims to characterize the profile of early adopters of Industry 4.0 technologies and to identify the main drivers and obstacles in the process of early adoption in the agriculture. A phenomenological study was carried out in the region of Mar y Sierras in Argentina, and eight actors were interviewed. The findings allow the identification of key actors, considered as referents, outside the companies that offer or demand the technologies, who favor the early adoption. Emphasis is placed on the adoption of technologies that meet the real needs of the sector and the region to make their impact visible and generate a spillover effect among laggard adopters. This work highlights the different modalities of linkages between actors for the adoption and diffusion of new technologies. Finally, although the region is not a pioneer in the adoption of AgTechs, it is recognized that there is an institutional density that encourages the early adoption of technologies, which presents an opportunity for public policy makers to develop strategies and join public–private articulation efforts to dynamize the ecosystem.

FROM INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TO DIGITAL ECONOMY ECOSYSTEMS: NEW BUSINESS MODELS AND MODELS OF COMPETITION IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES

Digitalization has become a new stage in the development of the world economy in terms of the development, implementation and dissemination of new technologies, and its impact on the development of international trade is decisive, if only because there is already an explosive growth in digital transactions and digital trade on a global scale. The key result of digital transformations for international trade is the creation of new markets, products and business models based on new digital technologies. In the context of digitalization, however, there is a certain difficulty in defining the increasingly blurred boundaries between goods and services. The main manifestations of the digital transformation of international trade are the large-scale development of e-commerce, the intensive development of foreign trade in information and communication services, and the development of digital e-commerce platforms. Digital technologies have transformed economic activity in domestic and international markets. Their widespread use affects all sectors of international trade, however, they have most affected trade in services, which has become at the center of the latest technological revolution. By creating new products, changing the characteristics of traditional products, and reducing trade costs, digital technologies have a serious impact on the determinants of competitive advantage, and these, in turn, on the structure of international trade. This raises the important question of which determinants of competitive advantage will be stronger in the digital age and whether new determinants are likely to emerge. Digitalization has become a new stage in the development of the world economy in terms of the development, implementation and dissemination of new technologies, and its impact on the development of international trade is decisive, if only because there is already an explosive growth in digital transactions and digital trade on a global scale. The key result of digital transformations for international trade is the creation of new markets, products and business models based on new digital technologies. In the context of digitalization, however, there is a certain difficulty in defining the increasingly blurred boundaries between goods and services. The main manifestations of the digital transformation of international trade are the large-scale development of e-commerce, the intensive development of foreign trade in information and communication services, and the development of digital e-commerce platforms. The purpose of the article is to study the characteristic features of digital business models and digital ecosystems, covering existing (realized) and potential (implicit, hidden) relationships that are formed and established through digital innovations, and to conceptualize the relationship between the business environment and the technological environment of organizations. involved in digital transformation Digital technologies have transformed economic activity in domestic and international markets. Their widespread use affects all sectors of international trade, however, they have most affected trade in services, which has become at the center of the latest technological revolution. By creating new products, changing the characteristics of traditional products, and reducing trade costs, digital technologies have a serious impact on the determinants of competitive advantage, and these, in turn, on the structure of international trade. This raises the important question of which determinants of competitive advantage will be stronger in the digital age and whether new determinants are likely to emerge. Although the ecosystem of platforms is usually identified with digital business ecosystems or software ecosystems, in the process of highlighting the specific characteristics of each of the considered ecosystems – the entrepreneurial ecosystem, the innovation ecosystem, the service ecosystem, the product ecosystem, we found out their common and distinctive features. It has been established that with the rapid development of digital technologies, the forms of economic activity are evolving, the volume of information being used is increasing, and new methods of its processing are emerging. The presence of the qualifying word “digital” in “digital ecosystems” opens the possibility to interpret “ecosystem” as an orientation model for the development of self-organizing software systems, software services, and applications that arise spontaneously from an artificial environment. Self-organization of digital ecosystems is expressed in the ability to independently change in the face of changes in internal elements and the external environment. However, a fundamental change in the external environment, expressed, for example, in a deep economic crisis, may adversely affect the ability of the digital ecosystem to self-organize. The scalability of digital ecosystems lies in the ability to function effectively with a growing amount of data in use and digital divisions. An increase in the number of ecosystem elements leads to an increase in the scale of the ecosystem.

The adoption of digital technologies: Investment, skills, work organisation

New digital technologies are shaping the transformation of production activities. This process of change is characterised by growing digitization, inter-connectivity and automation. The diffusion of new technologies is, however, very uneven, and firms display different adoption behaviours. By using data on a representative sample of Italian firms, we explore the patterns and determinants of new digital technology adoption. We build our theoretical framework on the nexus between technology, skills and the organisation of work. We then provide novel econometric evidence on the positive effects of education and training. Among the notable results of the paper, labour flexibility does not seem to favour new technology adoption, whereas second-level collective bargaining plays a positive role in the process. Results also show heterogeneous effects between large vs. small and medium-size firms, and between manufacturing and service sectors.

Low-carbon technology diffusion and economic growth of China: an evolutionary general equilibrium framework

The thorough transition of energy system is required to achieve the Paris Agreement goal. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are a common tool for estimating the energy transition pathway and the impact of low-carbon policies on economic growth. However, CGE models encounter challenges on modeling diffusion of new technologies. This study proposed a novel evolutionary dynamic general equilibrium model to capture the nonlinear, path-dependent and S-shaped technology diffusion process, and examined the low-carbon transition pathway of power sector and its impact on economic growth of China. We found that imposing a moderate carbon tax and avoiding the over-reliance on coal-fired power could achieve the near-zero emissions of power sector, avoid the large economic loss and hasten the economic growth in the long term. The evolutionary framework may be useful for developing the next-generation model, particularly for simulating the diffusion of new technologies, and their structural effects on economic dynamics.

Pathways for deep decarbonization of the Brazilian iron and steel industry

Steel production is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Brazil is one of the largest steel producers in the world and its main energy sources for steel production are coal, electricity, and charcoal. The latter shows a peculiarity of Brazil in relation to other countries: the use of biomass. This study has developed an optimization bottom-up model describing the steel industry to explore pathways for the decarbonization of the Brazilian steel industry. The model minimizes the mitigation costs, considering a set of measures (energy efficiency technologies and innovative production routes), constrained by the availability of raw materials and the diffusion of new technologies. In addition, the model stands out by incorporating crucial elements for a circular bioeconomy strategy: scrap and biomass supply, as well biomass-based production technologies. We developed four scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) and three mitigation scenarios aligned with different GHG mitigation goals in 2050: 0% (no emission increase scenario – NIS); 42% (sustainable development scenario – SDS) and 88% (deep sustainable development scenario – SDS+). Results show that GHG mitigation in the short term can be achieved by the adoption of well known technologies (energy efficiency, charcoal-based BF-BOF, and EAF) at negative mitigation costs (between −35.3 and - 1.5 $/tCO2e). Innovative routes play a key role in reaching emission goals but increase the mitigation costs until 2050 (between 23.4 and 43.4 $/tCO2e). Smelting reduction with charcoal is present in all scenarios, reaching up to 24% of steel production in 2050 (SDS+). Direct reduction (DR) is applied to reach more ambitious levels of GHG mitigation in SDS and SDS+. In SDS, DR with natural gas is implemented in 2029, reaching its higher share of production in 2050 (21%). In SDS + natural gas has a transition role. It starts to be used in DR in 2025, increasing until 2043, when hydrogen begins to replace it. By 2050, charcoal becomes the main energy source in all decarbonization scenarios. The results and insights provided by this study can help policymakers towards decarbonization.

VTS Leadership Team and Its Focuses to Better Serve Our Members [President’s Message

I am greatly honored and committed to serve as the president of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (VTS). The VTS serves as the association of reference for mobility professionals’ needs in the areas of lifelong learning, standards creation, dissemination of new technologies, and networking. I will work closely with VTS volunteers to enhance services and benefits to our members and to grow the Society via technical and educational activities, exploring the VTS platforms in conferences, publications, standards, and technical committees.

Total Factor Productivity Growth in the Food Crop Sector of Sri Lanka From 1990-2017

The study estimated the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth in the Sri Lankan food crop sector from 1990- 2017 using the Tornqvist-Theil index assuming translog production technology and a competitive market. TFP growth of paddy, maize, potato, big onion, chilli and soybean has increased after 2000. The highest TFP growth is recorded for maize from 2011 -2015 that contributed to about 68% of the maize sector growth. The costless advances in applied technology, managerial efficiency, and industrial organization that brought TFP growth in the food crop sector in Sri Lanka are discussed. The diffusion of new technology to the food crop sector has considerably varied by crop. Although the maize sector benefited through technology spillovers, new technology in terms of new varieties with higher yields, adaptability was slow to diffuse to other food crop sectors. Mechanization has largely substituted labour in many crop sectors due to the rising wage rate. The contract grower system is a credible institutional innovation in the food crop sector. Technological capital is a prerequisite for TFP and cost reduction growth. Hence the long-term commitment to agricultural research and development investments from Sri Lankan governments and aid agencies is required.

ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

The article analyzes the essence of the categories "innovations" and "investments" and the peculiarities of approaches of representatives of different scientific schools to understanding these concepts. The were considered the interpretations of the studied categories by international institutions and those given in the legislative acts of Ukraine. Taking into account the interconnection of investments with innovations it has been substantiated the need to analyze the concepts of "investments in innovations" and "investments in innovative technologies". The high level of international competition in the market of innovative technologies and the practical non-alternative nature of the innovative development path determine the particular importance, except for the choice of ways and methods of creation and implementation, identifying priority sources of investment in innovative technologies. Investments in innovative technologies should be viewed as a resource base for the implementation of innovative activities, a certain limited or insufficient level of quality of which does not allow to form an effective mechanism for the efficient use of new technologies. The investment resource that ensures the creation and diffusion of new technologies is associated with a number of additional features of the innovation and investment process. It were considered the factors influencing investments in innovative technologies and the existing forms of investment in the creation and implementation of innovative technologies; determined the expediency of using alternative sources of investment – venture capital investment, financial support of business angels, business incubators and business accelerators, crowdfunding and crowdsourcing. It was analyzed the "Investment" indicators presented in the European Innovation Scoreboard 2023 and concludes that the vast majority of European countries – innovation leaders are characterized by an increase in the "Investment" indicators for the period of 2016–2023, primarily due to an increase in the use of venture capital. However, in recent years, there is a tendency for investment activity to decrease in many countries due to the effects of the pandemic and the worsening macroeconomic situation. Factors such as russia's invasion of Ukraine, the energy crisis, inflation, etc. may have a negative impact on innovation efficiency. Ukraine, like all countries whose innovation level is lower than the EU average, needs to revise the concept of scientific and technological development to overcome the inhibiting processes in this area.