Diffusion Of Essential Oil Research Articles

The Kinetic Model of Essential Oil Hydrodistillation from Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

Turmeric is commonly used as a spice, food preservative, coloring agent, and medicine. Turmeric essential oil (EO) is effective in acne treatment, skin lightening, anti-aging, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory. In this study, the kinetic model evaluates variable conditions that affect the hydrodistillation (HD) process. The HD method was chosen because it is easy for industrial-scale applications. The significant HD parameters, including turmeric-water ratio (TWR), heating oil temperature (HOT), and distillation time, were investigated. The highest yield (6.72%) was achieved under the following conditions: the turmeric-water ratio of 1:5, heating oil temperature of 150°C, and distillation time of 4 hours. There have been no studies on the kinetic model of essential oil extraction from turmeric by hydrodistillation. Therefore, three kinetic models were proposed to test for compatibility. The results showed that the two-site desorption model had a better fit than other models. The TWR and HOT had a more significant impact on the cell and tissue alteration of oil glands than the diffusion of essential oil.

Synergic antimicrobial properties of Carvacrol essential oil and montmorillonite in biodegradable starch films

This work evaluated the synergic effect of carvacrol essential oil (EO) and montmorillonite (MMT) (named hybrid compound), incorporated in thermoplastic starch (TPS) films in different contents (4.5, 9, and 15 wt%). TPS films were characterized by FTIR, FT-Raman, DSC, XRD, and antimicrobial assay. FTIR and FT-Raman indicated new hydrogen bonds between hybrid and starch, altering the thermal properties and requiring more energy to destroy the TPS-hybrid bonds. XRD analysis showed slight crystallinity changes, and TPS-15 hybrid showed an amorphous structure that allows the diffusion of EO thought the films. TPS-hybrid films showed antimicrobial behavior against E. coli due to the synergistic effect of MMT and EO, which resulted in strong antimicrobial effects due to the destabilization and partial destruction of the bacteria cell membrane. The hybrid probably changed the E. coli cell permeability, respiration, and electron transport. TPS-15 hybrid sample presented the lowest crystallinity, facilitating the film's oil diffusion, maximizing the bacterium inhibitory effect, and acting as a biocidal agent. The results demonstrated that a hybrid compound is a good option for starch antimicrobial films for fresh food, such as fruits and vegetables.

Essential Oils Encapsulation into Nanoliposome and Novel Application of Nanoliposome as a Storage Pesticide

This study attempted to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of essential oil nanoliposomes from three plants by two preparation methods including thin film sonication and heating. Also, the durability of fumigation toxicity of the essential oil nanoliposome and pure essential oil of Mentha pulegium against Tribolium castaneum Herbst adults were compared. The smallest mean size of the nanoliposome was prepared by the thin film sonication method (P<0.05). The encapsulation efficiency of the nanoliposome was higher than 96%. Nanoliposmes prepared by using two methods showed high stability during storage. The release profile of essential oils at the heating method showed that the essential oil diffusion from the nanoliposome was in the following order: Mentha pulegium > Ferula gummosa > Zattaria multiflora. These findings indicate that both preparation methods had the same effect on the formation of nanoliposomes, their characteristics, and their storage stability. The durability of fumigation toxicity of the nanoliposome M. pulegium essential oil had a significant effect on mortality of T. castaneum adults in comparison with pure essential oil of this plant. The result showed that nanoliposome encapsulation of M. pulegium essential oil significantly increased fumigation toxicity against T. castaneum. Therefore, essential oil encapsulation into a nanoliposome carrier can potentially be used in pest management.

Microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation of juniper berry essential oil: kinetic modeling and chemical composition

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMicrowave‐assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) has widely been used to isolate essential oil from various plant materials, but it has not been applied yet to extract essential oil from juniper berries. The main goals of the present work were to establish a model describing the extraction kinetics and the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained.RESULTSA lower final essential oil yield from juniper berries was obtained by MAHD than by conventional hydrodistillation (HD). No significant differences in chemical compositions of the essential oils extracted by the two techniques were observed. The mechanism of both processes was the same and included fast (washing) and slow (diffusion) distillation of essential oil that occurred simultaneously.CONCLUSIONThe kinetic model involving simultaneous washing and diffusion of essential oil was verified for various plant materials (areal parts of savory and thyme, fennel seeds and juniper berries) for both MAHD and HD that indicated its general importance. For the first time, the kinetic models of MAHD and HD were compared. Knowledge of the juniper berry essential oil yield and the extraction kinetics is of importance from the technological and economics points of view, while the chemical composition determines its use. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry