DiffServ Quality Of Service Research Articles

Optimizing bandwidth utilization and traffic control in ISP networks for enhanced smart agriculture.

As the demand for high-bandwidth Internet connections continues to surge, industries are exploring innovative ways to harness this connectivity, and smart agriculture stands at the forefront of this evolution. In this paper, we delve into the challenges faced by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in efficiently managing bandwidth and traffic within their networks. We propose a synergy between two pivotal technologies, Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) and Diffserv Quality of Service (Diffserv-QoS), which have implications beyond traditional networks and resonate strongly with the realm of smart agriculture. The increasing adoption of technology in agriculture relies heavily on real-time data, remote monitoring, and automated processes. This dynamic nature requires robust and reliable high-bandwidth connections to facilitate data flow between sensors, devices, and central management systems. By optimizing bandwidth utilization through MPLS-TE and implementing traffic control mechanisms with Diffserv-QoS, ISPs can create a resilient network foundation for smart agriculture applications. The integration of MPLS-TE and Diffserv-QoS has resulted in significant enhancements in throughput and a considerable reduction in Jitter. Employment of the IPv4 header has demonstrated impressive outcomes, achieving a throughput of 5.83 Mbps and reducing Jitter to 3 msec.

Efficient signal and protocol level security for network communication

Data communication over networks is of vital importance, nowadays. Different types of networks exist such as computer networks and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). So, there is a need for data security tools and efficient routing protocols for the networks. Images represent the most important type of data used over networks. So, there is a need for image security tools such as image encryption, watermarking, steganography, and forgery detection. This paper presents efficient algorithms for securing image communication over networks including algorithms for watermarking of encrypted images, steganography of images, and forgery detection if some sort of tampering has been performed on the images. In addition, two routing protocols are considered in this paper to address the bandwidth utilization problems in the Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks: the Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) and the DiffServ Quality of Service (QoS). The objective of studying the performance of these protocols is to set up high-efficiency network topologies to guarantee the flexible transfer of secure data, especially images, over the networks of interest. The MPLS controls the path of the data by utilizing the unused bandwidth, and the DiffServ QoS controls the traffic produced by different users in the network. Hence, the data which is labled as “important” can be routed in a more secure path with less congestion to make sure that the data is delivered flexibly and securely. Multiple experiments are presented with different variations using one or more of the DiffServ-aware MPLS TE, Low Latency Queuing (LLQ), Russian Dolls Model (RDM) and Maximum Allocation Model (MAM) on data, which may be image data. The best results for both IPv4 and IPv6 were obtained using DiffServ-aware TE in RDM model in conjunction with LLQ.

A DIFFSERV-AWAREFORM OF MULTI-PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING TRAFFIC ENGINEERING OVER VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS

High bandwidth Internet connections and applications demands aregrowing so rapidly because of the Internet arising usages either onbusiness or entertainment. Adding new links to cover the extrademand is the simplest solution but it always comes with financialissues due to the extra cost it adds. That’s why researchers andleading companies should search for smarter alternatives. InternetService Providers (ISPs) should improve their networks inperspective of the utilization of the bandwidth and the managementof their resources. Two techniques have been introduced separatelyto support in addressing the bandwidth utilization problems in theISPs networks, the Multi-Protocol Label Switching – TrafficEngineering (MPLS-TE) and the DiffServ Quality of Service (QoS).Inthis paper, the two techniques are used together to get the highestperformance, the best resources management and an efficientbandwidth utilization. Multiple experiments have been held indifferent variations using one or more of the Diffserv-aware MPLSTE, Low Latency Queuing (LLQ), Russian Dolls Model (RDM) andMaximum Allocation Model (MAM) model. The best results for bothIPv4 and IPv6 were obtained using Diffserv-aware TE in RDM modelin conjunction with LLQ.

An intelligent inter-domain routing scheme under the consideration of diffserv QoS and energy saving in multi-domain software-defined flexible optical networks

Large scale multi-domain software-defined optical networks (SDON) provisioning has become a key area with increased scalable bandwidth services across wider network regions. Although distributed schemes could achieve lightpath routing by the ergodic process of domain boundary nodes, it increases the complexity of the signaling procedure and deployment of the interface. Moreover, the physical impairments are always the main factor of the infrastructure layer in SDON, which affect the transmission quality of the signal. Meanwhile, with increasing energy consumption of the Internet, it is imperative to design energy-efficient networks. To address the above issues, in this paper, an intelligent inter-domain routing scheme, which is supported by hierarchical control plane architecture, is presented based on sub-topology graph under the consideration of diffserv quality-of-service (QoS) and energy saving. The proposed scheme could achieve multi-domain quality of transmission (QoT), energy aware routing and spectrum assignment (RSA). We explore the scenarios where the multi-domain SDON achieve energy efficiency on the basis of meeting the QoT requirement. The blocking, energy consumption and average set up delay performances of the proposed schemes are estimated. The results indicate that the introduction of sub-topology in multi-domain RSA scheme has the better performance comparing with the distributed scheme.

A multi-domain control scheme for diffserv QoS and energy saving consideration in software-defined flexible optical networks

The software-defined networking has emerged as an efficient network technology. It is capable of supporting the dynamic nature of future network functions and intelligent applications to provide the customized services. However, the physical impairments are still the main factor affecting the transmission quality of the signal. Meanwhile, the future network design should also take the growing energy consumption into account. To address the above issues, we first present an impairment-energy aware control plane for single domain management based on the extended OpenFlow protocol in software-defined flexible optical networks. Then, a service-oriented multi-domain control scheme is designed for the network scalability requirement. To implement our scheme, a multi-domain quality of transmission (QoT) and energy aware routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) algorithm is proposed for the diffserv quality of service (QoS) and energy saving consideration. The experimental works validate that our proposed RSA scheme makes a better balance between the QoT and the energy efficiency and also improves the spectrum resources utilization with the acceptable average set up delay.

Hybrid Technique for Enhancing Quality of Service in Wireless Network

This paper x-rays a hybrid technique for enhancing Quality of Service (QoS) technique, a medium access scheme that can provide virtually collision-free environment for an infrastructure high-speed wireless network. While the simple and scalable Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS control model is suitable for the core part of the network, a more explicit, admission and reservation based QoS mechanisms are required in the wireless access segment of the network where the resources available and the levels of traffic aggregation render the DiffServ principles less effective, Integrated services (IntServ) provides fine-grained service guarantees to individual flows. The proposed mechanism shall support both IntServ and DiffServ QoS approaches, thereby enhancing the different QoS requirements under different scenarios.

A QoS-enabled resource management scheme for F-HMIPv6 micro mobility approach

In the near future, wireless networks will certainly run real-time applications with special Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In this context micro mobility management schemes such as Fast Handovers over Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (F-HMIPv6) will be a useful tool in reducing Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) handover disruption and thereby to improve delay and losses. However, F-HMIPv6 alone does not support QoS requirements for real-time applications. Therefore, in order to accomplish this goal, a novel resource management scheme for the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS model is proposed to be used as an add-on to F-HMIPv6. The new resource management scheme combines the F-HMIPv6 functionalities with the DiffServ QoS model and with network congestion control and dynamic reallocation mechanisms in order to accommodate different QoS traffic requirements. This new scheme based on a Measurement-Based Admission Control (MBAC) algorithm is effective, simple, scalable and avoids the well known traditional resource reservation issues such as state maintenance, signaling overhead and processing load. By means of the admission evaluation of new flows and handover flows, it is able to provide the desired QoS requirements for new flows while preserving the QoS of existing ones. The evaluated results show that all QoS metrics analyzed were significantly improved with the new architecture indicating that it is able to provide a highly predictive QoS support to F-HMIPv6.

Diffserv AQM algorithm for edge and core routers

The existing active queue management (AQM) algo- rithm acts on subscribers and edge routers only, it does not sup- port differentiate-serve (Diffserv) quality of service (QoS), while the existing diffserv QoS has not considered the link capacities between edge routers and connected core routers. When a core router in a two layers' network experiences congestion, the con- nected edge routers have no ability to adjust their access data rates. Thus, it is difficult to achieve the congestion control for the large scale network with many edge routers and core routers. To solve these problems, two difffserve AQM algorithms are proposed for the congestion control of multilayer network. One diffserv AQM algorithm implements fair link capacities of edge routers, and the other one implements unequal link capacities of edge routers, but it requires the core routers to have multi-queues buffers and Diffserv AQM to support. The proposed algorithms achieve the network congestion control by operating AQM parameters on the conditions of proposed three theorems for core and edge routers. The dynamic simulation results demonstrate the proposed control algorithms for core and edge routers to be valid.

A distributed-request-based CDMA CAC for DiffServ multimedia services in wireless cellular mobile networks

In this paper, a distributed-request-based CDMA DiffServ (differentiated service) call admission control (CAC) scheme is proposed to provide various multimedia services seamlessly in wireless mobile Internet. Conventional CDMA CAC schemes cannot fully support DiffServ QoS (Quality of Service) and seamless handoff due to lack of consideration on service priority and seamless mobility. Therefore, in order to achieve QoS guarantee for each service class, seamless fast-handoff, and high utilization of the scarce wireless resource, we define a code assignment policy and an adaptive access permission scheme taking each user’s service priority and mobility into consideration. For that purpose, in the proposed scheme, the DQRUMA/CDMA is combined with the new code assignment scheme and the adaptive access permission probability (APP). Numerical examples show that the forced termination ratio of handoff calls is guaranteed to be much less than the blocking ratio of new calls for a seamless fast-handoff while proposed scheme provides QoS guarantee for each service class efficiently.

Proposal for interconnection of Multicell WLAN based in IE 802.11e standard and DiffServ

Nowadays, the convergence of services as video, voice and data over a common infrastructure has become an important issue that requires special treatment in order to achieve an optimum Quality of Service (QoS) level. This is the case of the IEEE standard 802.11e which enhances the original IEEE 802.11 MAC layer providing a fair medium access treatment according to the application needs. In addition, the deployment of WLANs in public places (hotspots) has been made in a one-cell oriented way and the network design over an outdoor environment involving more than one cell has not been considered. This fact Propuesta para la interconexión WLA N multicelda basada en el estándar IEEE 802.11e y DiffServ* leads to our proposal of an “Outdoor Multicell WLAN supporting 802.11e” design based on the solutions provided by special techniques commonly used by cellular telephony in order to solve problems related to outdoor scenarios. Our design is complemented by an integrated wired/wireless network architecture in order to achieve end to end QoS. This integration uses the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS architecture which maps its traffic classification into the 802.11e and 802.1D link layer technologies.

Policy refinement for IP differentiated services Quality of Service management

Policy-based management provides the ability to dynamically re-configure DiffServ networks such that desired Quality of Service (QoS) goals are achieved. This includes network provisioning decisions, performing admission control, and adapting bandwidth allocation dynamically. QoS management aims to satisfy the Service Level Agreements (SLAs) contracted by the provider and therefore QoS policies are derived from SLA specifications and the provider's business goals. This policy refinement is usually performed manually with no means of verifying that the policies written are supported by the network devices and actually achieve the desired QoS goals. Tool support is lacking and policy refinement has rarely been addressed in the literature. This paper extends our previous approach to policy refinement and shows how to apply it to the domain of DiffServ QoS management. We make use of goal elaboration and abductive reasoning to derive strategies that will achieve a given high-level goal. By combining these strategies with events and constraints, we show how policies can be refined, and what tool support can be provided for the refinement process using examples from the QoS management domain. The approach presented here can be used in other application domains such as storage area networks or security management.

A new algorithm for traffic conditioners to improve proportional fairness in IP networks

The current trend in telecommunications networks addresses an All-IP vision, since most user applications are based on IP, and additionally, IP networks operation is simpler than other more complex ones. These new trends in multimedia communications are giving rise to an increasing need of quality of service (QoS). The Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS architecture will provide the means to help underlying technologies, like MPLS, to guarantee the QoS required to support data and real-time services. In DiffServ, QoS is mainly provided with traffic control at edge nodes, and this task is carried out by traffic conditioners. In this paper, we introduce a new policy function for traffic conditioning. Its ability to react to new network conditions makes end-users to get excess bandwidth in proportion to their contracted target rates. We call this method Proportional Excess Traffic conditionER (PETER). Through extensive simulations, we confirm the effectiveness of our approach in providing both a proportional excess bandwidth distribution and assured contracted target rates.

Graceful degradation of loss-tolerant QoS using ( m, k)-firm constraints in guaranteed rate networks

The Weighted Fair Queueing (WFQ) scheduling algorithm and its variants can be used to provide real-time guarantees by making bandwidth reservation. However, while hard guarantees are based on a peak workload model that leads to underutilize network resources, soft guarantees, based on average workload model, are not always sufficient to maintain acceptable Quality-of-Service (QoS) since consecutive packet losses or deadline misses may occur, which are not suitable for real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a trade-off between hard and soft real-time guarantees to maintain an acceptable QoS in overload conditions and efficiently maximize the utilization of network resources. The key to our solution is based on the fact that many real-time applications, such as voice and video, are loss-tolerant. The loss profile must be well defined, and such a profile can be easily specified using the ( m, k)-firm model. Therefore, we propose the ( m, k)-WFQ algorithm to take into account ( m, k)-firm timing constraints to provide delay guarantees of at least m packets out of any k consecutive packets without violating bandwidth fairness or misusing network resources. Using the Network Calculus theory, an analytic study gives the deterministic delay bound provided by the ( m, k)-WFQ algorithm for upper bounded arrival curve traffic. We extend our analytic results for guaranteed-rate networks, such as the IntServ QoS model and ATM networks, and the DiffServ QoS model. Analytic results and simulations show a noticeable improvement in delay guarantee made by ( m, k)-WFQ compared to WFQ without much degradation of bandwidth fairness.

A Per-Domain Behavior for circuit emulation in IP networks

Circuit networks are expensive to build, difficult to operate, fragile, and not easily scalable. Many network operators would like to carry circuit traffic as an overlay on top of an IP network. With higher bandwidths, faster routers, and Differentiated Services [RFC2474, RFC2475] features in routers, this is now possible. In this paper we describe a simple set of mechanisms that are sufficient to allow an IP cloud to carry circuit replacement traffic. Then, using the framework of [RFC3086] for describing a Per-Domain Behavior (PDB), we explain where these mechanisms should be deployed and quantify how they should be configured in order to construct the appropriate edge-to-edge behavior. This "Virtual Wire" (VW) PDB makes it possible to replace dedicated circuits with IP transport. In the process we attempt to lay to rest two pieces of QoS mythology: first that a Diffserv approach requires substantial over-provisioning compared to int-serv, and second that Diffserv quality of service is inherently loose and not quantitative.

차별화 서비스망을 위한 정책 기반 서비스 품질 관리 모델

차별화 서비스(DiffServ)는 효율적이며 규모성을 갖는 방법으로 서비스 품질(QoS)을 제공하는 기술이다. 그러나, 현재의 차별화 서비스 규격들은 완전한 QoS 관리 프레임워크와 구현 모델의 제공에는 취약한 실정이다. 본 논문은 차별화 서비스 망의 QoS를 관리하기 위하여 차별화 서비스 정책을 지원하는 정책 기반 차별화 서비스 QoS 관리 모델을 제안한다. 이 모델을 모델-뷰-컨트롤러(MVC) 구조를 따르며, EJB(Enterprise JavaBeans) 기술에 기반을 두고 있다. 우리의 모델에서 상위 레벨 차별화 서비스 QoS 정책들은 XML 스키마를 갖는 유효한 XML 문서들로 표현되고 EJB 기반 정책 서버 내에 하위 레벨 EJB 정책 번들로 변환된다. QoS 정책을 정의하기 위해 필요한 라우팅 형상과 라우터의 역할 정보 검출은 SNMP MIB-II를 사용하고, QoS 정책 분배와 모니터링은 SNMP DiffServ MIB를 사용한다. Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is a technique to provide Quality of Service (QoS) in an efficient and scalable way. However, current DiffServ specifications have limitations in providing the complete QoS management framework and its implementation model. This paper proposes a policy-based QoS management model that supports DiffServ policies for managing QoS of DiffServ networks. The management model conforms to Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture, and is based on Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) technologies. In our model, high-level DiffServ QoS policies are represented as valid XML documents with an XML Schema and are translated to low-level EJB policy beans in the EJB-based policy server. The routing topology and role information required to define QoS policies is discovered by using SNMP MIB-II, and the QoS policy distribution and monitoring is accomplished by using SNMP DiffServ MIB.

Interprovider differentiated service interconnection management models in the Internet bandwidth commodity markets

Due to the recent evolution of telecommunications infrastructure and the Internet as a commodity market for bandwidth, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) encounter new issues concerned with bandwidth management for the network interconnection. Bandwidth commodity exchange is considered a new B2B (Business-to-Business) electronic commerce application that brings new market opportunities to carriers and service providers for managing their bandwidth resources. This paper develops market-based bandwidth management optimization models for Differentiated Service (DiffServ) QoS (Quality of Service) networks using an implementation of the bandwidth management agent, BMP (Bandwidth Management Point). We use network economic models to formulate an optimization problem for the interconnection and resource allocation policy of the DiffServ network. We formulate and develop those economic models as optimization problems of LP, NLP, MILP and mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), and discuss the pricing mechanisms and available solution approaches for the implementation of the BMP's resource optimization process. Different opportunity costs are estimated based on the results of a network simulation using traffic flow statistics measured from a recent Internet backbone. We then numerically simulate the behavior of backbone network ISPs to optimize their profits for various demand scenarios.