Difficult Life Research Articles

Evaluation of a Spiritual History with Elderly Multi-Morbid Patients in General Practice-A Mixed-Methods Study within the Project HoPES3.

Background: The “Holistic Care Program for Elderly Patients to Integrate Spiritual Needs, Social Activity and Self-Care into Disease Management in Primary Care” (HoPES3) examines the implementation of a spiritual history (SH) as part of a multifaceted intervention in German general practices. While the effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated in a cluster-randomized trial, this article investigates the patients’ views concerning the acceptability of the SH and its effects. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted in which 133 patients of the intervention group filled in a standardized questionnaire after the intervention. Later, 29 of these patients took part in qualitative semi-standardized interviews. Results: According to the survey, 63% (n = 77) of patients found the SH helpful. In the interviews, however, many indicated that they either kept the conversation brief or declined the offer to talk about spirituality. Contents of longer conversations referred to difficult life events, personal sources of strength, and experiences with religious institutions. Many patients who had a longer conversation about spirituality reported that their relationship with their general practitioner (GP) had improved. Almost all patients recommended integrating a personal conversation of this kind into primary care. Conclusions: The SH seems to be a possible ‘door opener’ for a trusting doctor-patient relationship, which can then be built upon.

Interview with Kyaw Zwa Moe

Interview with Kyaw Zwa Moe Penny Edwards (bio) and Kyaw Zwa Moe Sentenced to ten years in prison in 1991 for taking part in the democracy movement, Kyaw Zwa Moe was jailed first in Insein Prison, in Yangon, and then in Tharrawaddy jail. On his release in 1998, he fled to Chiang Mai, where he became a journalist with The Irrawaddy, a major news magazine founded by journalists living in exile in Thailand. Following the February 2021 coup, the offices of all independent media houses, including The Irrawaddy, were raided and sealed by the junta's troops. The magazine continues to publish independent news. Now in hiding, Kyaw Zwa Moe has been publishing stories under a pseudonym. This interview took place at The Irrawaddy offices in Yangon in July 2015 and at Ashi Tea House, in Berkeley, in April 2016, well before the most recent turmoil in the country. It was first published as "Truth to Power" in Mekong Review (vol. 1, no. 4, August–October 2016, pp. 9–11). p.e. penny edwards Your book They Must Apologize to the People, a compilation of interviews with dissidents, is now in its third print run. How do you explain its popularity with Burmese readers? kyaw zwa moe Most of the interviews were done between 2010 and 2012, when our country was in transition. Many people in Burma had no idea how difficult life could be as a dissident, a political activist, a political prisoner, or as a refugee outside Burma. I think that's one reason for its success—inspirational stories that bring out the experience and views of people with very different experiences of the past three or four decades. pe Some of the more intriguing titles are "Prisoner Monk" and "Fish-paste Democracy." kzm "Fish-paste Democracy" is about the wife of a political prisoner and her struggles to support her husband while he's in prison. At the same time, she's taking care of her entire family and also helping the families of other political prisoners. It's a sad story, but it's also a survival story. There are wives and mothers like her who are really courageous and brave, who kept supporting husbands, sons, and fathers jailed for their beliefs, whose families were harassed [End Page 197] by the authorities. The determination and courage of these women made that interview really inspiring to my readers. In Burma, Buddhist monks are respected as spiritual leaders, but monks who got involved in the democracy struggle were treated as criminals. I decided to interview a monk arrested for his political activism, because I wondered how many people in my country knew about the military junta's treatment of religious leaders. The monk I interviewed, U Zawana, had been in the same prison as me, and is very articulate. He described his life in prison and how terrible he felt. The monks were sometimes badly tortured. Outside prison, monks are looked up to as religious leaders, but in prison it was a totally different situation. pe The Irrawaddy was founded as a print journal in 1990, but in January of this year you stopped print production. Why? kzm It's not easy for traditional media to survive, especially in Burma. Print is very costly. Those media organizations that can keep publishing news can afford to lose money on their publications because they get enough revenue from other businesses they own. Another reason it's difficult is because Burma has become the most connected nation in the world, with over thirty million mobile phones for a population of about fifty million. That's why we decided to switch from traditional to digital journalism. But we are not new to digital media. We launched our Burmese and English websites in 2000. Millions of Burmese use Facebook for daily communications and as a source of news. Even the offices of the president and of Aung San Suu Kyi's state counselors have their own Facebook pages, as does the Commander in Chief of our military. That's why we believe that digital media is the right platform for The Irrawaddy to get information to our audience. pe There's a Thomas...

Постсоветская история в зеркале литературы

Narrative analysis of literary works enables to interpret present-day narrative texts in all their multi-level depth making use of the tools accumulated in science -especially if those texts concern current and topical political events, which are usually spoken about in the language of media discourse. Change in the state (inner and outer) and presence of a narrator having his/her personal viewpoint and, consequently, the specific language of his/her message are signs of a narrative structure. The subject for consideration in this article based on Zakhkhok by Vladimir Medvedev and To Live On by Narine Abgaryan is key levels of the narrative text organization needed for such analysis. The texts chosen for the research are similar in subject matter (military conflicts in the post-Soviet space caused by the collapse of the USSR) and in the author’s strategy - to include characters’ personal destinies into the social history of the country and further to try and conceive them as part of the cultural code of the nation. The peculiarity of the author’s view is the awareness of war not as a completed event but as a still lasting state, which permeates, deforms and destroys people’s destinies as well as destinies of whole nations. In Medvedev’s novel those are mainly voices of young men, immediate participants of the turbulence, that are heard; in Abgaryan’s book those are voices of Armenian women, mothers, wives, and widows. Medvedev’s style is tougher and more dynamic, collision unfolding before our eyes. In Abgaryan’s story the plot is not that important: all key events were in the past, and characters are just recalling them. The code of the narrative discourse specified by the narrator’s type determines the stylistics of the text, the nature of action, the interpretation of events: they rapidly change one another by means of the efforts of the narrators who were placed in the centre of military and domestic conflicts in Medvedev’s novel. Abgaryan’s characters are slow and quiet, their long and difficult life gives them hard-won wisdom to accept reality as it is in its bitter completeness. Personal dramas of the characters are involved in the overall tragedy of the whole nation which goes beyond a specific era; this enables the author to reveal the ethno-cultural determinants of the narrative identity. Common grief can be overcome by means of love, work, patience and the cultural capital which manifests itself in people’s mentality and way of life and makes it possible for them to survive and gain a new cultural identity. Collective tragedy (social history), which opens to a reader through the characters’ destinies (personal narrative), becomes part of epic history (meta-narrative). This author’s strategy gives the stories told a timeless scale and ontological depth. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE RESILIENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

The period of adaptation to the new conditions that was cause by the challenges of today is quite difficult for the emotional state of the individual. That is explaining by the sudden occurrence of some new internal conflicts, due to unstable views on life and a sharp change in axiological orientations, an increase in the size of amygdala, also due to a constant presence in danger and change in permanent ways of thinking and existence. Polydirection, suddenness, stressogenicity of crises in the state of war affects defense mechanisms, emotional sphere, vitality and adaptability of the individual. Resilience is one of the most important traits and an important factor in growth, recovery, and preservation of mental health in the process of overcoming life’s challenges and critical situations. The article examines the main concepts related to the topic we are researching, substantiates the importance of individual resilience and the influence of the level of emotional intelligence on it, the development of which we consider as a necessary condition of vitality, life fulfillment, psychological stability, successful building of interpersonal relationships and overcoming various types of difficulties. In particular, we defined the main concepts, indicated their interrelationship, and demonstrated the peculiarities of practical application in the martial law conditions. By revealing the chosen topic, we managed to combine the understanding of intelligence, emotional intelligence and stress resistance of the individual in the conditions of martial law. This helped to determine the adaptive characteristics of individuals in crisis situations, their ability to respond to the conditions of today and to form their own resilience and resilience, taking into account difficult life circumstances. In particular, we determined that people are not born with a ready-made set of qualities, knowledge and skills, which are necessary to stay in stressful conditions, which today caused by war. The only way to develop one’s own resilience and vitality is self-education, working on stress resistance, developing one’s own emotional intelligence, analyzing one’s own behavior in stressful situations and retaining experience that helps overcome difficulties in difficult life conditions.

Red Scare by Liam Francis Walsh

Reviewed by: Red Scare by Liam Francis Walsh April Spisak Walsh, Liam Francis Red Scare; written and illus. by Liam Francis Walsh. Graphix/Scholastic, 2022 [240p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781338167092 $24.99 Paper ed. ISBN 9781338167085 $14.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781338167108 $14.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 5-7 Peggy wishes her dad had come back from the Korean War as the joyful, loving father [End Page 264] she remembers rather than a haunted man who stays in his room, slowly driving her mother away as he battles his own demons. When she comes into possession of a mysterious object, her life takes a drastic turn: not only is she able to overcome her polio but she's also suddenly able to fly. Unfortunately, her aerial adventures catch the eye of the FBI, and now the U.S. government is after her, looking for the object that can push the Cold War in America's favor. The pursuit by multiple political factions and Peggy's narrow escapes (in flight or otherwise) make for a breathless read, but the heart of this graphic novel is Peggy herself and how being at risk awakens her own determination to be better. The graphic novel format is used effectively, with colors, shadows, and panel size adjusted as needed for impact, and illustrations doing most of the heavy lifting to show the absolute joy Peggy feels when she can leave behind her difficult life and take to the sky. Significant end matter offers all sorts of treats for the interested reader, from historical political context to author insight into their own writing and illustrating process. Copyright © 2022 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Virtual Reality in Workplace Learning

The interest and use of Virtual Reality (VR) technology for workplace learning has been increasing and is projected to increase further based insights from scholarly literature, industry reports, and interviews with organization and learning leaders. We present and discuss perceived affordances, limitations, and future directions of VR learning based on interviews with 21 workplace learning leaders across sectors and industries. Perceived affordances include: (1) simulation of dangerous or difficult real life scenarios, (2) interpersonal and leadership skill development, (3) affordability, (4) data and assessments, (5) social learning, and (6) bridging the real and virtual. On the other hand, perceived limitations include: (1) limitations of experiences in VR, (2) hardware bottlenecks, (3) costs, and (4) limited acceptance of VR learning. Many study participants anticipated improvements in VR hardware fidelity and comfort, simplification of VR learning creation, and expansion of AR learning opportunities, while some anticipate no significant changes in VR learning opportunities and adoption. We also discuss recommendations for VR instructional design and implementation and various directions for further research.

Virtual Reality in Workplace Learning

The interest and use of Virtual Reality (VR) technology for workplace learning has been increasing and is projected to increase further based insights from scholarly literature, industry reports, and interviews with organization and learning leaders. We present and discuss perceived affordances, limitations, and future directions of VR learning based on interviews with 21 workplace learning leaders across sectors and industries. Perceived affordances include: (1) simulation of dangerous or difficult real life scenarios, (2) interpersonal and leadership skill development, (3) affordability, (4) data and assessments, (5) social learning, and (6) bridging the real and virtual. On the other hand, perceived limitations include: (1) limitations of experiences in VR, (2) hardware bottlenecks, (3) costs, and (4) limited acceptance of VR learning. Many study participants anticipated improvements in VR hardware fidelity and comfort, simplification of VR learning creation, and expansion of AR learning opportunities, while some anticipate no significant changes in VR learning opportunities and adoption. We also discuss recommendations for VR instructional design and implementation and various directions for further research.

Участь у молодіжних спортивно-просвітницьких товариствах селян Східної Галичини і Волині в 20-30 рр. ХХ ст. за матеріалами газети «Діло».

The purpose of our research is to clarify the peculiarities of the participation of the Ukrainianpeasantry in youth sports and educational associations in Eastern Galicia and Volhynia in the 20-30s of the 20thcentury according to the materials of the newspaper «Dilo».The scientific novelty of the publication is in the holistic analysis of the publications of the newspaper of thattime «Dilo» about the participation of the Ukrainian peasantry in youth sports and educational associations.Conclusions. Preservation of national identity was the main task for the Ukrainians in the difficult conditionsof life in the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the interwar period of the 20th century. The formationand activity of Ukrainian sports and educational associations in Eastern Galicia and Volhynia became an objectiveindicator of the formation of nationally conscious Ukrainian youth. Sports, fire, and scout associations unitedhundreds of thousands of young Ukrainians around sports, physical education, and national education. Theimportance of the publication is determined by the fact that in the national historiography for a long time insufficientattention was paid to the issue of the participation of Ukrainian youth in sports and educational associations inEastern Galicia and Volhynia in the 20-30s of the 20th century.The important role of sports, fire, and scout associations in the physical and national education of Ukrainianyouth has been determined. A certain number of that time publications of the newspaper «Dilo» on the topic of thestudy were used. The knowledge about the participation of Ukrainian football teams in the Polish championshiphas been improved. The study of certain aspects of the activities of sports, fire and scout associations such as«Lug», «Sokil» and «Plast» received further development. It is noted that sports, youth sports and educationalassociations have become an important element of physical hardening and preservation of the national identity ofthe Ukrainians of Eastern Galicia and Volhynia as a part of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.Key words: peasantry, sports and educational associations, newspaper «Dilo», Eastern Galicia, Volhynia.

АНАЛІЗ ВІЗУАЛЬНИХ ОБРАЗІВ ЖІНОК-ВІЙСЬКОВИХ У КИТАЙСЬКИХ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ІНТЕРНЕТ-ВИДАННЯХ 2020 – ПОЧАТКУ 2022 РОКІВ

The peculiarities of the formation of military women‟s images in Ukraine and the People's Republic of China (PRC) had been examined in the article. The Armed Forces of Ukraine and the People's Liberation Army of China are in the process of rapid modernization. The beginning of a full-scale war against Ukraine and China's significant influence on the future of world politics brought military issues into focus. Available or free access Internet Media space of Ukraine and China with assistance of search engines Google and Baidu had been analysed in the study. According to modern geopolitical situation in the world, period of study of two years before full-scaled Russian invasion in Ukraine had been chosen. Images, as well as texts, are sources of information about various aspects of social and cultural phenomena. Their analysis requires mastery of a complex of methodological and interpretive practices. We considered images of military women as a product of social construction and carriers of cultural semantics. The authors of the article, using the supplemented and expanded scheme of photo analysis by P. Shtompka, investigated the norms, rituals, customs, values and lifestyle of military women of Ukraine and the People's Republic of China shown on photos. In addition to comparing images of female military personnel in the armies of the People's Republic of China and Ukraine, the study compared images of men and women and military women and women of other professions (in the same Internet publications). The detection of gender stereotypes, faceism in advertising and publications for women is a popular topic in the world and domestic scientific discourse. The images we have studied largely contrast military women with stereotypical images of female consumers. Typical forms of visual representation of women in the army through illustrations in Internet publications had been highlighted. The main formats are: parade photos, "difficult army everyday life", "achievements and military career". Involvement of women in the security forces requires images of idealized fighters. In the analysed images of Chinese publications, this idealization contains elements of ageism and sexualization, in particular in advertising and poster and parade scenes. The colours deserve special attention in the ceremonial photos. Differences were found in the depiction of the beauty of military women in Ukrainian and Chinese media. It was concluded that the distribution of images of military women in Internet publications can be a practice of gender egalitarianism.

СОРЕ-30: ПСИХОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА КРАТКОЙ ВЕРСИИ РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОЙ МЕТОДИКИ ОЦЕНКИ КОПИНГ-СТРАТЕГИЙ

Background. Numerous studies show that coping plays a big role in a person’s adaptation to stressful situations and becomes the center of psychological practice, which dictates the need to develop a reliable, valid and compact tool that allows you to identify certain coping strategies. Objective. Th e aim of the study was to develop a brief version of the Russian-language methodology for evaluating coping strategies (COPE-30) based on the full Russian version. Methods. Th e survey included socio-demographic indicators and an assessment of life situation diffi culty. Th e following methods were used: COPE, Hardiness Survey, Personal Self-Activation Inventory, “Subjective appraisal of diffi cult life situation” technique. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, exploratory and confi rmatory factor analysis, three-way ANOVA, and two-way ANCOVA were used as data processing methods. Sample. Data were obtained from an online survey (2021–2022). In total, the study involved 1395 people aged 18 to 76 years (average 32 ± 11 years, median = 31 years), of which 72,5% were female, 24,6% male, and 2,9% other. Results. Psychometric indices indicate good internal consistency of the COPE-30 scales. Th e results of the confi rmatory factor analysis confi rm the correspondence of the 15-factor COPE-30 model to the data obtained under diff erent instructions. Th ree second-order factors obtained on the basis of 15 coping strategies correlate with all the characteristics of a diffi cult life situation, self-activation and hardiness. Women more oft en use the coping strategies “Concentration on emotions and their active expression”, “Religion” and “Emotional social support”, and men — “Humor”, even when controlling for the diffi culty of the situation. Conclusion. Th e proposed COPE-30 inventory is a suffi ciently reliable, internally consistent and valid tool for determining individual coping strategies. It has the same good psychometric characteristics as the full version of the inventory, and works well with situational and dispositional approaches.

Надання соціальних послуг вразливим категоріям населення як вид професійної діяльності соціального працівника

Social services are interpreted in a broad and narrow sense: in a broad sense – as creating conditions for citizens for a full life in society, equal opportunities, non-discrimination; in the narrow – as meeting the needs of the individual user by providing personal social services that provide protection against general and specific risks and help to overcome complex personal crises and challenges. Social services are key tools for protecting fundamental human rights and dignity.The article reveals the provision of social services as a type of professional activity of a social worker aimed at social work with various categories of the population, including the vulnerable.Researchers and practitioners determine the list of social support services for vulnerable groups and individuals / families who have been included in the SJO: social services to support children and families with children / youth; social services of alternative care for children, orphans and children deprived of parental care; social services for the support and care of the elderly; integration and rehabilitation services for people with disabilities; services for people in need of adaptation, integration (reintegration); services for people in need of emergency and crisis intervention.The purpose of social work to provide social services to vulnerable groups is social prevention (prevention of SJO), social support (overcoming SJO), social services (minimization of SJO).Accordingly, the purpose of social work with vulnerable groups is to prevent, minimize or overcome difficult life circumstances for their successful socialization and integration into society.

КОРРЕЛЯЦИОННЫЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИХ АДАПТАЦИОННОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ТИПА

In the modern reality children and adolescents who find themselves in difficult life situations face many stress factors, which cause significant tension and rapid exhaustion of their adaptive reserves. The aim of this research is to study the level of formation of biomedical and psychological components of adaptive capacity of orphans and the correlations between these parameters. The following tasks were set: Analyze the structure of the incidence of children and adolescents living in social type institutions. Estimate the level of physiological and psychological adaptive potential of this kind of children. Determine the relationship between the physiological and psychological components of the adaptive potential. The research involved in total 30 children staying in social institutions in the city Azov, the Azov district of the Rostov region at the age of 9–13 years old – 14 person and at the age of 14–17 years old – 16 person. During this research, we came to the following conclusions: 1. For modern children and adolescents staying in institutions of a social type, a high level of general morbidity and a tendency to chronization of somatic diseases are characteristic; 2. A low-level of functional reserves of organisms of pupils staying in institutions of a social type is formed due to the high excitability of nervous processes, supported by sympathetic activation; — Children’s reactions are characterized by redundancy of vegetative response in reply to various incentives (psychoemotional or physical) and, as a rule, inadequacy of vegetative support of physical or mental activity; 3. Most of children and adolescents under study showed cognitive distortions with the formation of either a victim position or aggressive self-assertion, which in both cases leads to a decrease in adaptive potential; 4. A weak nervous system predisposes to the consolidation of such personal qualities as emotional vulnerability and sensitivity, while a strong nervous system contributes to the formation of an overly active struggle for self-affirmation in orphans; 5. Revealed correlations between the basic convictions of children and such components of the adaptive personal potential as neuropsychic stability, communicative potential and moral normativity. In connection with the above outlined, it is planned to create an algorithm for express diagnostics of maladjustment degree of children and adolescents and the selection of a complex for their medical, psychological and pedagogical rehabilitation.

Совладающее поведение младших школьников в разных трудных жизненных ситуациях

Relevance. The article is an analysis of theoretical and empirical modern research in the field of coping behavior with difficult life situations (DLS) and psychological well-being of primary school children. It is stated that copings in primary school age have a pronounced age specificity. Objective. The sources of DLS and coping strategies of younger schoolchildren are systematized. Methods. Theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign studies of coping behavior with DLS in primary school age. Results. Two groups of the DLS genesis are identified in which the coping behavior of children is actualized — the first one is related to the environment (academic, natural, etc.), the second is related to interpersonal interactions (relationships with teachers, peers, etc.). Depending on the group, the corresponding coping strategies are identified. The conclusion is made firstly about the risk groups for non-coping with stress in primary school age and secondly about the need to form effective strategies that are insufficiently formed.

О содержании правозащитной деятельности прокуратуры

Human rights protection activities do not form a separate function of the prosecutor's office, but are one of the types of prosecutor's supervision within the traditional branches and other areas of prosecutor's activities. In general, the human rights protection activities of the prosecutor's office can be defined as activities that include the provision, security, protection and restoration of violated rights and freedoms of individuals by means of prosecutor's supervision, by subjects that the prosecutor's office supervises. The general legal status of individuals within a separate branch (prosecutor's supervision over the observance of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen) is ensured at four main levels. At the first - general (basic) - level, the prosecutor ensures all persons' legal status enshrined in generally recognised international standards and national legislation, regardless of their nationality. Traditionally, it is the ensuring of individuals' fundamental rights on the territory of the country within the individuals' international legal and constitutional status. The means of prosecutor's supervision ensure the rights and freedoms of all persons residing in the Russian Federation. At the second - national - level, the prosecutor ensures the personal, political, social, economic and other rights of citizens of the Russian Federation. These rights and freedoms are established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and by other laws in force in the Russian Federation. The main subject of prosecutor's protection at this level are the citizens of the Russian Federation. At the third - special - level, the prosecutor ensures the legal status of socially protected categories of citizens of the Russian Federation: veterans, disabled people and other persons who are subject to special legislation regarding the provision of social protection, additional guarantees and benefits, or other preferences. Finally, at the fourth - exceptional - level, the prosecutor ensures the legal status of persons (citizens) who are in a difficult life situation, who cannot exercise their rights on their own due to their state of health, age, dependent position, special physical and mental condition under the circumstances prevailing at a particular moment.

THE USE OF MINDFULNESS TECHNIQUES IN SOCIAL WORK: REFLECTION OF EXPERIENCE

In recent years, tools, techniques and methods that may lead clients to become aware, understand and accept the nature of their own "I" have become increasingly popular in the social sciences. One of these is mindfulness, which is, on the one hand, a practice aimed at awareness of one's own psycho-emotional state, and on the other, an approach in which clients learn to change their attitude towards their own thoughts and emotions. Mindfulness includes both selfregulation of attention (the process of directing attention and conscious observation of the flow of thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations that a person experiences here and now), and orientation to experience (open, interested acceptance of one's own experience at a certain moment in time). This research is based on reflexive understanding and analysis of the authors’ experience of using mindfulness practices in social work experimental interventions, in particular, in the disclosure of methodological features of the use of individual mindfulness techniques, challenges that may arise when using them, requirements for trainers who will work with this methodology and its advantages. The techniques were piloted as part of interventions: for women living with HIV/AIDS, who have young children and found themselves in difficult life circumstances "Studio of Opportunities" (2012-2014, Dnipro, Poltava, Cherkasy, Chernihiv) and for parents raising children with autism (2021, Lviv). The paper reveals the specifics of using the exercises "Me in front of the mirror" and "My image" aimed at transforming the self-esteem of social work clients. The experience of piloting demonstrates positive results in the framework of raising the self-esteem of the participants, positive behavioral changes, improving physical and psycho-emotional well-being, finding internal resources, increasing their ability to self-motivate and self-empowerment. The paper discusses requirements for trainers in working with mindfulness techniques and obstacles and risks that should be taken into account in the practice of using the techniques.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНТЕРАКТИВНИХ МЕТОДІВ НАВЧАННЯ У ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ПСИХОЛОГІВ

The authors of the article reveal the methodological features of the use of interactive teaching methods, which are the most popular among teachers when organizing and conducting training sessions with future military psychologists. The article states that the situation of a full-scale russion invasion of the territory of Ukraine requires the teachers of a higher military educational institution to use optimal ways of their militaryprofessional training during training of future psychologists. These are the ways of interactive teaching methods. Thus, the method of analyzing a specific situation is used in cases where it is necessary to analyze and professionally assess the difficult life situation of a serviceman by future military psychologist. Application of the business game method, which simulates the professional activity of future military psychologists, gives the latter the opportunity to feel like an active actor in a real military-professional situation. The article states that the teacher's use of the business game method in the educational process contributes to the transfer of accumulated long-term military psychological experience for future military psychologists. The authors draw the readers' attention to the fact that the active position of future military psychologists is actualized and reveals its behavioral manifestation in the business game. Describing the features of the use of "brainstorming" as an interactive method of training future military psychologists, the authors emphasize that this method allows the search for new ways of solving military psychological problems through the generation of non-standard ideas. The author's team emphasizes that "brainstorming" as an interactive learning method, contributes to the formation of future military psychologists' confidence in their professional knowledge. The round table method is aimed at developing the cognitive activity of future military psychologists. It is stated, that this method forms in future military psychologists the ability to argue their professional point of view.

Formation of tourist trains on international and domestic routes

This article examines the issue of the development of organized tourism by rail in Russia. The industry is showing clear signs of a renaissance, as evidenced by a significant increase in service offerings. We studied the materials from the websites of railway and travel companies. For the purposes of this study, we relied on comparative analysis of tourist offers. As the study showed, the development of railway tourism at present, for the most part, is associated with the preparation of rolling stock and the development of new routes that are interesting for a wide audience. Such work requires a comprehensive study and appropriate preparation of transport infrastructure, specialized management decisions to attract structures of the tourism business at various levels. Railway trips and routes are in demand among different target groups of consumers, such as school and corporate groups, tourists who are interested in unusual places. No attention is paid to the so-called social tourism, which refers to the organization of tourism services for economically weak or people in difficult life circumstances. This direction of tourism, both in our country and abroad, is noted as a very promising. Social tourism can and should be a sought-after part of railway tourism.

Personal development in difficult life circumstances in the context of the anthropological paradigm

The article states the problem of personality development in difficult life circumstances in the context of the anthropological paradigm. The actualization of this issue is associated with increase in the number of people with developmental disabilities, an assessment of their condition and increase in the availability of facilities and services in the lives of persons with disabilities. As an initial concept, an anthropological approach to research is presented, which is rarely used to solve problems of personality development in difficult conditions, which represent a significant challenge to its successful socialization. The article draws attention to the disclosure of the "law of compensation", which is equally necessary for both normal and complicated development of the individual for his ability to self-manage his own development and well-being. Special attention in the context of the anthropological paradigm is paid to the disclosure of theoretical approaches, such as: hermeneutic, ontological, phenomenological and synergistic, constituting the methodological basis for human preservation and revealing the essence of the “special person” as the focus of individual, subjective, personal, individual and universal principles. Various types of attitudes of modern society towards persons with disabilities, the conditions for the interaction of the "healthy world" and the "sick world" and the integration of people with disabilities into a full life are considered. The ways and means of practical implementation of successful personal development in the process of overcoming difficult life circumstances are shown, as well as the positive goal-setting of inclusive education, which ensures the full inclusion of persons with disabilities in a society of social progress is revealed.

Two sides of the same coin? The association between suicide stigma and suicide normalisation.

Evidence suggests that suicide stigma (i.e. negative attitudes towards persons affected by suicide/suicidality) and suicide normalisation (i.e. liberal attitudes towards suicide) are both associated with increased suicide risk. Despite conceptual similarities and potential interaction, suicide stigma and suicide normalisation have usually been investigated separately. We used cross-sectional data from a community sample to test the association between suicide stigma and suicide normalisation as well as to identify their respective determinants and consequences. Participants were N = 3.269 adults recruited from an established online-panel using quotas to reflect the composition of the German general population with regard to age, gender, education and region. We collected information about suicide stigma, suicide normalisation, intentions to seek help for suicidality, current suicidality, suicide literacy, negative mood and socio-demographic variables. We used regression modelling to determine the association between suicide stigma and suicide normalisation as well as to identify their determinants and consequences. Suicide stigma and suicide normalisation were inversely associated so that higher suicide stigma scores were linked to lower suicide normalisation. More suicide stigma was associated with reduced intentions to seeking professional help, increased willingness to seek help from family and friends and lower odds to experience current suicidality, however the association between suicide stigma and intentions to seek professional help diminished after controlling for confounding variables. Increased suicide normalisation was linked to reduced intentions to seek help from professionals or family and friends, as well as higher odds to experience current suicidality, even after controlling for confounding variables. Our findings suggest that interventions to reduce public suicide stigma are at risk to unintentionally increase suicide normalisation, which appears to be a key barrier to seeking help for suicidality. Future research should therefore identify strategies to improve attitudes towards persons affected by suicidality that avoid normalisation, i.e. do not convey the message of suicide as an acceptable solution for difficult life situations. One strategy with great potential to safely reduce public suicide sigma could be interventions that stimulate interpersonal contact with affected persons sharing their recovery story.

Renewing the Kerygmatic Moment: The Centrality of the Kerygma in the 2020 Directory for Catechesis and the Implications for Forming Clergy and Parish Staffs

Renewing the Kerygmatic Moment:The Centrality of the Kerygma in the 2020 Directory for Catechesis and the Implications for Forming Clergy and Parish Staffs Eric J. Westby (bio) Asignificant theme within the 2020 Directory for Catechesis (DC) is the kerygma, which Pope Francis defined as the initial proclamation of the Gospel.1 In the directory, the emphasis on the kerygma is so pronounced that it raises very important pastoral questions: To what degree might the 2020 DC be advocating for a new model of parish faith formation? If so, what exactly is that paradigm and how should parish staffs be formed for it? To address these questions, this essay will examine the kerygma in light of its Scriptural foundations and its use in the DC, discussing not only the major characteristics of its content but also its pastoral priority. In addition to the DC, the primary sources for this reflection will be the ecclesial writings on evangelization and catechesis from Vatican II through 2020. This will lead to a reflection on the implications for the formation of parish staffs. Scriptual Foundations of the Kerygma The kerygma is the initial saving proclamation of Jesus Christ. A form of the word 'kerygma' is present in Mark's Gospel,2 referring to a [End Page 135] public proclamation,3 and with this announcement comes the invitation to follow Jesus. Jesus models these two elements of content and invitation at the outset of His public ministry. The core message of this preaching is the Gospel of God (Mark 1:1, 14-15), the good news.4 In Mark 1:14, Jesus imparts the kerygmatic message by 'preaching' (from the Greek 'kērussō', a form of the word ''kerygma'), 5 Himself being the herald of His saving message: "Now after John was arrested, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching (emphasis added) the gospel of God. . . ."6 In Mark 1:15, Jesus' first kerygmatic proclamation is one of good news that invites the listener to the response of repentance: "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent, and believe in the gospel."7 Thus the message is not simply a theoretical principle, but it invites the listener to personally respond through repentance, 'mĕtanŏĕō', re-aligning one's being to the content of the message.8 In St. Peter's kerygmatic address of Acts 2, there also is both a content of the message and a response on the part of the listener. On the day of Pentecost, St. Peter gives the prototypical post-Resurrection proclamation, in which he summarizes the Lord's saving work in the Paschal Mystery and calls the listener to repentance, baptism and deeper catechetical formation (Acts 2:14-42). This proclamation brings the person to initial faith, in which the individual responds to the promptings of the Spirit to follow Jesus,9 be baptized and live according to His will. [End Page 136] The Definition of the Kerygma According to the Directory for Catechesis Reflecting the contributions of Pope Francis' 2013 Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium, the 2020 DC describes the kerygma as the fundamental message of the Christian faith. The kerygma is the first proclamation of Jesus, His saving plan for us that culminates in His passion, death and resurrection.10 The kerygma also contains the offer to heal us of sin and lead us to everlasting life. Pope Francis summarizes the saving kerygma as a simple, joyful recalling of Jesus' love: "Jesus Christ loves you; he gave his life to save you; and now he is living at your side every day to enlighten, strengthen and free you."11 In the DC, the personal response to the kerygma is all-encompassing: No element of one's life is exempt from this call to conversion, and if one lives this message, every aspect of one's being takes on new purpose and meaning in Christ. The DC makes this connection between the content and daily living, in that ". . . the kerygma . . . always has a value of salvation and fullness of life."12 The kerygma is a challenging message that can cause the listener to have to make difficult life decisions, as seen in the DC: . . . the proclamation of...