Differentiation Of Russian Regions Research Articles

A model for forecasting changes in living standards in the regions of Russia

Subject. This article discusses the issues of scenario forecasting, collection and processing of information on the level of economic development of the country's regions and differentiation of Russian regions by population's income level. Objectives. The article aims to determine a set of interrelated parameters that have the most significant impact on the standard of living of the population. Methods. For the study, we used a comprehensive analysis. Results. The article presents an author-developed mathematical model that may help assess possible changes in the standard of living of the population of the country's regions based on several scenarios. The model includes variants of the values of particular indicators and takes into account the general economic situation in Russia. Conclusions. A significant gap in living standards between the regions of Russia cannot be overcome in the future until 2026.

Formation of Models of «Green» Entrepreneurship Based on Market Segmentation, Taking into Account the Principles of Responsible Consumption

The article is a continuation of a number of scientific studies carried out by the authors within the framework of government assignments and grants devoted to identifying the relationship between the economic security of territories and the development of “green” entrepreneurship models on them.Purpose: is to identify the relationship between responsible consumption and ensuring the economic security of subjects of the "green" economy in the context of the global principles of sustainable development and the transformation of consumer preferences.Methods: the study is based on the methodology and principles of sustainable development in "green" entrepreneurship. The use of comparative and comparative analysis methods is due to the need to identify the features of sustainable (responsible) production and consumption in different sectors of the "green" economy. Comparative marketing allows you to clarify the category of "sustainable (responsible) consumption", systematize international experience and best practices of "green" marketing.Results: the authors have identified the most promising market segments of the "green" economy, outlined the advantages of companies that implement the principles of "green" marketing and take into account ESG factors in business models of entrepreneurship. The use of indicative analysis tools made it possible to determine the level of development of individual segments of "green" entrepreneurship in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of Russian practice and on the example of the implementation of the national project "Labor Productivity", the effectiveness of the implementation by companies participating in the national project of responsible and lean production is substantiated. The structural components of the "green" economy and economic security are revealed, the differentiation of Russian regions is shown in the context of indicators of the development of individual segments of the "green" economy. It has been determined that all segments of the "green" economy in Russia are covered by the national project "Labor Productivity".Conclusions and Relevance: according to the results of the study, the relationship of macro- and microeconomic factors in achieving SDG 12 "Responsible consumption and production" by the subjects of "green" entrepreneurship was revealed. The authors propose directions for the implementation of educational measures for the business community in the field of "green" marketing, the influence of ESG factors when changing business models, lean manufacturing, which will help ensure the economic security of subjects of "green" entrepreneurship in the new economic conditions.

Economy of Russian Regions in the Pandemic: Are Resilience Factors At Work?

—The differentiation of Russian regions by the dynamics of their socioeconomic development in 2020, despite a reason atypical for modern economic crises, corresponded to the prevailing ideas about the factors of the resilience of regions. The degree of diversification of the regional economies and level of their innovative potential were of key importance. As a result, the largest cities (Moscow and St. Petersburg) found themselves in a relatively favorable position, where restrictions in certain types of activity were compensated by an increase in demand for a number of complex services (in the IT sphere, etc.) and the accelerated introduction of online activity formats and working remotely. Specialization of regional economies also mattered: the maximum, typical for crises, was the decline in the auto industry; the overall decline in the global economy hit regions with large-scale mining of fuel and energy resources hard. The traditional factor of regional development also turned out to be significant in 2020: the capacity of sales markets that contributed to the growth of production in major cities and regions working on their markets and that slowed the development of manufacturing industries in the Far East. The border position of regions had no clear impact on the dynamics of their development. It has been suggested that the state anticrisis policy made it possible to slow the decline in problem sectors, while growth in the production of goods and services in demanded types of activity was associated with the objective advantages of territories.

ЭКОНОМИКА РОССИЙСКИХ РЕГИОНОВ В ПАНДЕМИЮ: РАБОТАЮТ ЛИ ФАКТОРЫ ШОКОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ?

Despite the reason that is atypical for modern economic crises, the differentiation of Russian regions in terms of their socio-economic development in 2020 corresponded to the prevailing ideas about the factors of regional resilience. The degree of economic diversification of the regions and the level of their innovation potential were of key importance. As the result, the largest cities (Moscow and St. Petersburg) were in a relatively favorable position, where restrictions in certain types of activity were offset by an increase in demand for a number of complex services (in the IT sphere and others), the accelerated introduction of online formats of activity and remote employment. The specialization of the regional economy also mattered: the decline in the automotive industry was the highest, which is typical for crises. The general decline of the world economy hit the regions with large-scale extraction of fuel and energy resources. In 2020, the traditional factor of regional development was also significant – the capacity of sales markets, which also contributed to the growth of production in the largest cities and regions working for their markets and slowed down the development of manufacturing industries in the Far East. The border position of the regions did not have a clear impact on their development. It is assumed that the state anti-crisis policy allowed to slow down the decline in problem activities,while the increase in the production of goods and services in demanded activities was associated with the objective advantages of the territories.

Differentiation of Russian regions by life expectancy

The paper is devoted to the assessment of the relationship between regional life expectancy at birth (LE) with a number of economic and sociodemographic factors, in particular the gross regional product (GRP) and the share of urban population residing in large cities in the total population of the region. The analysis shows that the economic factor has a strong positive correlation with LE, especially in regions with unfavorable climatic conditions. The proportion of urban population residing in large cities in the total population of the region, influencing LE through improved health infrastructure and greater accessibility of health services to urban residents, merely complements the leading role of the economic factor.

TO THE QUESTION OF IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF FORECASTING BANKRUPTCY SMALL BUSINESS

The aim of this paper is to identify the possibilities of applying of existing models for estimation of the probability of bankruptcy in domestic and foreign practice to predict the risk of default of small enterprises. The relevance of this research is due to the role the small businesses play in the social-economic development of regions and the country as a whole. The relationship between individual indicators of the region’s social-economic situation and the level of bankrupt enterprises in the total number of enterprises is shown. The differentiation of Russian regions in terms of social-economic development (in Siberian Federal district as an example) are demonstrated, the desirability of including of regional factor in model of bankruptcy forecasting is highlighted. Based on the dialectical approach, comparison, abstraction, analysis and synthesis, a conceptual approach to creation of logistic regression model for predicting the bankruptcy of small enterprises is described.

Reproduction potential-based differentiation of Russian regions

Subject. This article examines the issues related to changes in reproduction capacity and heterogeneity of the development of Russian regions. Objectives. The article aims to assess regional differentiation and investigate the main factors influencing the uneven development of the areas. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of comparative and correlation analyses. Results. The article identifies groups of leading and lagging Russian regions and assesses the possibility of convergence of Russian regions according to the analyzed indicators, such as GRP, GRP per capita, and the output of industry. Conclusions. The results obtained can be used when preparing strategic policy documents, spatial development programmes and concepts. The observed heterogeneity suggests that the regions maintain their positions throughout the research period.

ВАРИАЦИЯ И ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ СУБЪЕКТОВ РФ ПО ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА КАРТОФЕЛЯ

ВАРИАЦИЯ И ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ СУБЪЕКТОВ РФ ПО ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА КАРТОФЕЛЯ

Имущественное неравенство: структурный анализ и методические рекомендации по оценке уровня социально-экономической дифференциации регионов России

Имущественное неравенство: структурный анализ и методические рекомендации по оценке уровня социально-экономической дифференциации регионов России

Statistics of interregional differences and the status of budgetary system of the Russian Federation

The purpose of the article is to assess the status and develop measures of state policy to overcome consistently interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population based on promoting the independence of regional and local authorities of the Russian Federation. The applied purpose of the work is to determine the optimal values of the distribution of revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation at the levels of the budget system as a financial condition of the solvency of the subnational authorities. According to the provisions of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2018 No. 204 “On National Goals and Strategic Objectives of Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2024” the range of issues is of critical importance, as it requires the inclusion of regional and local authorities in the implementation of national projects. Materials and methods. The article analyzes the changes in the level of interregional differences in the main indicators of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for 2000, 2005 and 2016–2018. Based on the analysis of interregional differentiation by own and total revenues of their consolidated budgets, the changes in the level of financial independence of subnational authorities were assessed. As factors, hindering the development of regions with “self-reliance”, the state debt policy, the practice of inter-budget transfers, and the income structure of three-tier budget system of the country are analyzed. The methodological basis of the study is the work on regional statistics, structural analysis, quantitative modeling. Tabular and graphic methods of visualization of research results, statistical methods of processing of initial data were used. To solve the problems of the study, standard Microsoft application packages were used. Results. The article shows the excessive centralization at the Federal level of the main decisions that determine the fiscal and debt policy of regional and local authorities, the “explosive” growth in the volume of subnational debt for these years, as well as the “blurring” of inter-budget transfers from the Federal budget to the budgets of the Russian Federation regions. The debt policy of the state and inter-budgetary regulation are estimated as not fully corresponding to the tasks of spatial development of the country. A system solution for optimizing the structure of three-level budget system of the Russian Federation is proposed and a method for defining the optimal values of the distribution of revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation by levels of the budget system is presented. Conclusion. The high heterogeneity of Russia’s spatial development is one of the features of its economy. The article deals with the differentiation of Russian regions in terms of the level and quality of life of the population, analyzes the factors that led to this differentiation. State fiscal and debt policy, inter-budget transfer policy are the key factors in consistently solving the problems of overcoming interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population, improving the competitiveness of the country, ensuring sustainable economic growth. Achieving the optimal structure of the budget system (as well as the movement to it) will create conditions not only for the inclusion of subnational authorities in the implementation of national projects, but also for the implementation of the diversity of the potential of its regions – a unique advantage of the Russian Federation.

Statistics of regional differences and the status of budgetary system of the Russian Federation

The purpose of the article is to assess the current state and develop measures of state policy to overcome consistently the interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population based on promoting the independence of regional and local authorities of the Russian Federation. The applied purpose of the work is to determine the optimal values of the distribution of revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation at the levels of the budget system as a financial condition of the solvency of the subnational authorities. Due to the provisions of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from 07.05.2018 No. 204 “On National Goals and Strategic Objectives of the Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2024” the range of issues is of critical importance, as it requires the inclusion of regional and local authorities in the implementation of national projects.Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the changes in the level of interregional differences in the main indicators of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for 2000, 2005 and 2016–2018. Based on the analysis of interregional differentiation by the own and total revenues of their consolidated budgets, the changes in the level of financial independence of subnational authorities were assessed. As factors, hindering the development of regions with “selfreliance”, the state debt policy, the policy of inter-budget transfers, as well as the structure of income of the three-level budget system of the country are indicated and analyzed. The methodological basis of the study is the work on regional statistics, structural analysis, quantitative modeling. Tabular and graphic methods of visualization of research results, statistical methods of processing of initial data were used. For the solution of research tasks, the standard packages of the applied programs of Microsoft Windows were used.Results. The article shows the excessive centralization at the Federal level of the main decisions that determine the fiscal and debt policy of regional and local authorities, the “explosive” growth in the volume of subnational debt for these years, as well as the “blurring” of inter-budget transfers from the Federal budget to the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The debt policy of the state and inter-budgetary regulation are estimated as not fully corresponding to the tasks of spatial development of the country. A system solution for optimizing the structure of three-level budget system of the Russian Federation is proposed and a method for determining the optimal values of the distribution of revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation by levels of the budget system is given.Conclusion. The paper deals with the differentiation of Russian regions in terms of the level and quality of life of the population, analyzes the factors that led to this differentiation. The high heterogeneity of Russia’s spatial development is one of the features of its economy. State fiscal and debt policy, inter-budget transfer policy are the key factors in consistently solving the problems of overcoming interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population, improving the competitiveness of the country, ensuring sustainable economic growth. Achieving the optimal structure of the budget system (as well as the movement to it) will create conditions not only for the inclusion of subnational authorities in the implementation of national projects, but also for the implementation of the diversity of the potential of its regions – a unique advantage of the Russian Federation.

Стоимость энергоресурсов как фактор межрегиональной дифференциации российских регионов

Стоимость энергоресурсов как фактор межрегиональной дифференциации российских регионов

Empirical analysis of the relationship of investment and innovative activity of regions of Russia

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship of innovation and investment activity of Russian regions. On the basis of the statistical data, the system of indicators and designed complex indices of innovation and investment activity of regions are proved. The level of investment and innovative activity of regions in the last four years are analyzed, the basic tendencies and structural changes are revealed. The dependence between innovation and investment activity of regions is investigated. Based on the analysis, the map of the region’s position demonstrating the high level of differentiation of Russian regions in terms of both investment and innovation activity is developed. Also, the authors proposed a matrix distributing regions into four groups depending on the correlation between a level of innovation and investment activity, and recommendations on the selection of priority directions of economic policy for the subjects of the Russian Federation taking into account their current position are developed. The research results have practical significance and can be used to improve existing regional economic development programs for both individual regions and the country as a whole.

Regional reserves of energy efficiency

The article is devoted to the study of peculiarities of power consumption and energy efficiency of the Russian regions. The level of energy efficiency in Russia compared with other countries of the world is analyzed. The indicators of energy consumption and industrial structure of the regions are compared. The dependence of the electricity consumption in the regions and the gross regional product per capita is studied. Based on the made analysis, the map of electricity consumption in the regions demonstrating the high level of differentiation of Russian regions on a level of energy efficiency is formulated. The authors have suggested the recommendations on the selection of priority directions of implementation of energy conservation policy for the subjects of the Russian Federation. On the example of the Chelyabinsk region, the features of realization of the regional program on energy efficiency are considered. The ways of its improvement on the basis of developed are offered by the authors of the matrix electricity consumption. Research results have practical significance and can be used to improve existing regional energy saving programs for individual sectors of the regional economy, and for the regions in general.