Differentiation Of Periodontal Stem Cells Research Articles

Non-coding RNAs Function in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells.

Non-coding RNA has many types which has rich functions and plays an important role in the study of basic molecular mechanisms. Many non-coding RNA have important implications for pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells. It has been found to affect the self-renewal and osteogenesis of many types of stem cells. They have also been found to regulate stem cell proliferation and induct bone differentiation. Periodontal ligament stem cells are essential for the regeneration of periodontal tissue. In recent years, in the field of stomatology, studies have found that many non-coding RNA also have significant regulatory effects on the proliferation and differentiation of periodontal stem cells and may become potential therapeutic targets for many common periodontal diseases such as periodontitis, bone/tooth/soft tissue loss and orthodontic treatment. Therefore, we summarized the current research status of non-coding RNA in the field of molecular mechanism of periodontal ligament stem cells and prospected its future progress.

Melatonin and oral diseases: possible therapeutic roles based on cellular mechanisms.

Oral diseases, including periodontal disorders, oral cancer, periodontitis, and mucositis are the major challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. These conditions often involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired cellular processes, leading to symptoms ranging from discomfort to severe debilitation. Conventional treatments for such oral diseases exhibit constraints, prompting the investigation of innovative therapeutic approaches. Considering the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects of melatonin, this study was carried out to investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin in mitigating the severity of oral diseases. Studies indicate that melatonin influences the differentiation of periodontal stem cells, inhibits oral cancer progression, reduces inflammation associated with periodontitis, and alleviates the severity of oral mucositis. Melatonin has demonstrated potential efficacy in both preclinical and clinical investigations; however, findings are frequently heterogeneous and contingent upon contextual factors. This review provides a comprehensiveoverview of current state of knowledge in this domain, elucidating the multifaceted role that melatonin may assume in combatingoral diseases. Further research should be directed toward determining the most effective dosing, timing, and administration methods for melatonin-based therapies for oral diseases.

Osteogenic differentiation of periodontal membrane stem cells in inflammatory environments.

Periodontitis is a common disease that is difficult to treat, and if not controlled in time, it causes severe conditions, such as alveolar bone resorption and tooth loosening and loss. Periodontal ligament stem cells constitute a promising cell source for regenerative treatment of periodontitis due to their high osteogenic differentiation capacity. PDLSC osteogenesis plays a central role in periodontal regeneration through successive cytokine-mediated signaling pathways and various biochemical and physicochemical factors. However, this process is inhibited in the inflammatory periodontitis environment due to high concentrations of lipopolysaccharide. Here, we review the mechanisms that influence the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal stem cells in this inflammatory microenvironment.

Advances in the Regulation of Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Stem Cells by Signalling Pathways

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells derived from periodontal tissues with self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential, and are an important cell population for periodontal tissue repair. At present, studies have shown that various signaling pathways play a crucial role in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal stem cells, but the mechanisms involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of periodontal stem cells are still in the early stage of research. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the interrelationship and regulation of these pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal stem cells, cell signaling and new bone formation, in order to further reveal their molecular biological mechanisms. In this paper, we review the research on the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of periodontal stem cells by Notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) signaling pathway and MARK signaling pathway, and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of periodontal bone defects by targeting the signaling pathways.

Effect of low-magnitude high frequency vibration on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells

To investigate the effect of low-magnitude high frequency vibration (LMHFV) on proliferation, migration ability and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells(hPDLSCs). hPDLSCs were isolated from premolar and randomized into vibration culture group (magnitude：0.3 g; frequency：40 Hz; time：15 min/24 h) and static culture group. CCK-8 was used to identity the proliferation of hPDLSCs. Wound-healing assay was used to evaluate migration ability of hPDLSCs. The osteogenesis gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, and the osteogenesis protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. The osteogenesis differentiation capability was evaluated by alizarin red staining. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software package. After LMHFV, the proliferation and migration ability of hPDLSCs were increased. The expression level of RUNX2, ALP, Col-1, and OCN was significantly augmented under LMHFV. Alizarin red staining and Western blot proved the same trend. CONCLUSIONS：The results demonstrate that LMHFV can promote hPDLSCs proliferation, migration ability and osteogenic differentiation.

Rutin promotes osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment

To explore the effect of rutin on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were obtained by limited dilution method in vitro. PDLSCs were identified by flow cytometery. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was used to stimulate human periodontal ligament stem cells to establish an inflammation model in vitro. The experiment was divided into 4 groups: in group 1, only α-MEM was used to culture PDLSCs; in group 2, α-MEM medium containing LPS was used to culture PDLSCs, in group 3, rutin was added to α-MEM medium containing LPS to PDLSCs; and in group 4, α-MEM medium containing rutin was used to culture PDLSCs. Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect cell proliferation activity. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) staining, ALP activity test, alizarin red staining, RT-PCR, and Western blot were used to detect the changes of osteogenic differentiation ability. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software package. The results of CCK-8 and ALP activity analysis showed that rutin at 10 μmol/L could significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation of periodontal stem cells under inflammatory state. ALP staining and alizarin red staining proved that (10 μmol/L) rutin could improve osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment. RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that rutin could enhance the expression of osteogenic genes and proteins such as COL1, ALP, and RUNX2 under inflammatory state. Rutin can promote osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment.

Effects of EZH2 inhibitor DZNeP on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells

Objective To observe the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and to investigate the epigenetic regulation of EZH2 inhibitor DZNeP on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Methods The hPDLSCs were isolated and cultured, and their proliferation under different concentrations of DZNeP (0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 μmol/L) was detected by MTT. The effects of DZNeP on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs were observed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining. The effect of DZNeP on the trimethylation of histone H3K27 in hPDLSCs was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results Compared with the control group, the proliferation of hPDLSCs after 1, 2, 5 and 10 μmol/L DZNeP treatment for 48 h was significantly decreased, respectively (all P<0.05), and it was concentration-dependent. The result of ALP staining and alizarin red staining showed that DZNeP could promote the expression of early osteogenic markers ALP and the formation of advanced calcified nodules of hPDLSCs. The immunofluorescence staining result showed that the trimethylation fluorescence intensity of histone H3K27 was significantly decreased in the DZNeP group compared with the control group. Conclusions As an EZH2 inhibitor, DZNeP can inhibit the proliferation of hPDLSCs and promote the differentiation of hPDLSCs into osteoblasts in vitro, suggesting that DZNeP can be used as a potential small molecule drug for the treatment of periodontitis. Key words: Epigenetic regulation; EZH2; DZNeP; Human periodontal ligament stem cells; Osteogenic differentiation

Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the expression and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells

To determine the activity of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and its effect on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) in inflammatory microenvironment. PDLSC were obtained from the primary culture of the human tooth and cloned with limited diluted method. Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was used to examine the different expression of thapsigargin (TG) treated PDLSC and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated PDLSC. Real-time RT-PCR, alizarin red staining and cetyl pyridine chloride quantitative analyze were used to examine the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSC, TG + PDLSC, LPS + PDLSC and LPS + PDLSC + 4-PBA. Protein kinase receptor like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), transcription activation factor 4(ATF4), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA expression in group PDLSC + TG in 6 h were respectively 1.49 ± 0.24, 2.77 ± 0.60, 1.75 ± 0.16, 2.16 ± 0.32, which were all greater than that in group PDLSC (P < 0.05). PERK, CHOP mRNA expression reached the peak at 6 h (1.76 ± 0.08, 2.31 ± 0.17) and were greater than group PDLSC (P < 0.05). ERS could suppress osteogenic differentiation of TG + PDLSC and LPS + PDLSC. The runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA expression of group TG + PDLSC was respectively 0.73 ± 0.06, 0.01 ± 0.00, 0.20 ± 0.06 (P < 0.05). The RUNX2, ALP, OCN mRNA expression of group LPS + PDLSC was respectively 0.80 ± 0.06, 0.48 ± 0.05, 0.29 ± 0.04 (P < 0.05). The RUNX2, ALP, OCN mRNA expression of group PDLSC + TG + 4-PBA was respectively 1.10 ± 0.09, 0.74 ± 0.05, 0.67 ± 0.13, which were greater higher than that of group LPS + PDLSC (P < 0.05). ERS was activated in PDLSC and suppressed osteogenic differentiation of PDLSC, which can simulate inflammatory microenvironment in vitro. This effect can be recovered by using ERS inhibitor 4-PBA.