Differentiation Of Reactions Research Articles

Psychological Rehabilitation of Patients with Physical Trauma Consequences by means of Micro-Motion Reactions Restoration Method

Physical trauma and treatment of its consequences lies in the domain of medical specialists: traumatologists, rehabilitologists. However rehabilitation of patients with physical trauma consequences may be also successfully treated by psychologists using “unfinished tasks” expressive approach. This method utilizes micro-motion reactions differentiation principle. Micro-motion reactions restoration method (MRR) is suggested and described. It is primarily oriented at clinical psychologists and rehabilitologists. The unique nature and originality of MRR method lies in ability to trigger development of various multidirectional and contradictory impulses and reactions that had been temporarily stalled in the episode of past physical trauma. This method does not aim at relaxation of tension by means of anesthesia or other forms of isolation of strain. The treatment permits each unfinished motion impulse born during trauma to fully bloom and develop completely. As a result self-reliance and trust in spontaneity of movement is restored. MRR method is best suited for acute trauma consequences. Besides psychologists MRR method may be used by traumatologists, rehabilitologists, and also relatives of patients and parents of children patients. MRR method in the hands of relatives and parents is especially useful for rehabilitation after trauma and surgery not only for the patients but also for the relatives and parents themselves for it helps them to cope with stress of their usual helplessness during long restoration period. Bearing in mind the prospects of development of special rehabilitation units in traumatological and orthopedic departments it is obviously highly advisable to enroll psychologists mastering MRR method in these teams for it may greatly improve the potential of proper successful rehabilitation of patients with trauma consequences.

Response of Picea abies populations from elevational transects in the Polish Sudety and Carpathian mountains to simulated drought stress

The response of 24 Norway spruce populations from a broad elevational gradient to four combinations of watering and temperature was studied in a phytotron experiment. The results of this experiment are important for better understanding possible impacts of global warming on low- and high-altitude populations of Picea abies. The investigated populations showed evidence of clinal variation in height, mass and bud-set parameters in all treatments. The higher the elevation of origin, the earlier the bud-set and the poorer the mass and height of the populations. The interaction of population origin×treatment showed a small percentage variance component, but there was a clear differentiation in reaction of the tested populations to the simulated drought. The low-altitude populations showed a strong negative reaction to the drought stress, whereas the high-altitude ones were more drought tolerant. So if global warming would be accompanied by soil drought, the low-altitude populations would reduce their growth much more than the high-altitude ones. But if global warming would be combined with an adequate increase of precipitation, then low-altitude populations would profit from this climate change more than high-altitude ones.

Neurophysiological study of hemispheric organization of the EEG spectrum in mental infantilism in adolescents

Sixteen adolescents between 15 to 17 years of age with mental infantilism syndrome participated in the study. The data were compared with the control group including 10 mentally and neurologically healthy young subjects, secondary-school students in the 10th or 11th grades. The EEG was recorded monopolarly from 12 leads in the states of quiet wakefulness (closed eyes), on general activation (open eyes), when performing cognitive hemispheric-specialized tests, and when exposed to aversive sound stimulation. The studies showed that EEG spectral parameters could be regarded as the objective criteria of mental infantilism. In the baseline, the patients demonstrated the EEG characteristics typical of the earlier ontogenesis stage, i.e., a generalized increase in the spectral powers of Δ-, θ1-, θ2-, and α1-ranges and a decrease in the interhemispheric coherence in the frontal temporal region. When performing cognitive hemispheric-specialized tests, infantile patients were characterized by the insufficient differentiation of reactions to functional loads in terms of the frequency ranges, topography, and lateralization of changes, with the predominance of shifts in the θ2-range that is directly connected with nonspecific aspects of activation. On the presentation of sound stimulation, only the patients' group demonstrated an increase in the power of slow EEG ranges and interhemispheric coherence in the frontal temporal area. The results demonstrate the delayed formation of hemispheric specialization with a more retarded maturation of the nervous networks of the left hemisphere and the dysfunction of the frontal temporal regions of the brain.

Differences in subadult behaviors of chimpanzees living in peer groups and in a family group

In several primate species, peer-group rearing conditions affect the development of social behavior. We compared the social behavior of adolescent chimpanzees reared in peer groups and in a family group to see whether chimpanzees raised under different regimes show differences in sexual behavior, teasing behavior, and grooming behavior and in their ability to cope with support strategies. Surprisingly, the lack of opportunity to practice or to watch in peer groups had no measurable effect on the development of normal sexual behavior in adolescence and adulthood. Peer-group individuals groomed each other as much as peers did in the zoo. Sex differentiation in reaction to teasing and in conflict initiatives may indicate only an earlier sex differentiation in the zoo than in the peer group. This result may be attributed to the difference in demographic composition of the groups instead of some inherent difference in skill. Peer-group chimpanzees simply cannot find adult partners with which they may preferably test their position. However, there was a lack of sex differentiation in the reaction to teasing and in the number of conflicts started; both are indications of lesser sex-role development in the peer-group adolescents. Furthermore, the frequency of giving support to peers in conflicts differed, which suggests a greater ability in zoo adolescents to cope with support strategies. Accordingly, providing more natural conditions than is usual in laboratories may still add considerably to chimpanzee well-being.

A complement fixation method for quantitative differentiation of reactions to 45/20 vaccine and Brucella infection.

Brucella complement fixing antibodies may be titrated independently in adult vaccinated (strain 45/20) and in naturally infected cattle by serological tests utilizing a specially prepared antigen. Serum samples are subjected to the standard complement fixation test for the diagnosis of brucellosis (MacKinnon 1963) and subsequently retested by the same method but with a saline extract antigen prepared from strain 45/20 Brucella abortus. The results obtained in the two tests are compared in five specific categories of brucella reactors. An evaluation and discussion of the test method, on the basis of the results obtained, indicates that informed diagnoses can be made in parallel with a continuous adult vaccination programme.