Effect Of Different Temperatures Research Articles

Effects of Different Temperature and Humidity Regimes on Reproduction and Development of Lucilia sericata (Meigen,1826) Female Populations

Aim to study: The development of animals such as Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) that cannot metabolically regulate body temperature and maintain body temperature by absorbing heat from the surrounding environment (i.e., poikilotherms) has been extensively described using the temperature collection model (Grassberger & Reiter, 2002). This study aimed to investigate oviposition tendency and oviposition development times and ideal temperature and humidity values for mass rearing of the green bottle fly Lucilia sericata, which was studied in the laboratory at three different constant temperatures (25°C, 30°C, 35°C) and three different constant humidities (35% R.H., 50% R.H., and 65% R.H.). Material and methods: The humidity was fixed at each experimental temperature to determine the maximum egg-laying and development time at different temperatures, and the number of days and degrees required to complete each stage was determined. The temperature was fixed in the different humidity experiments, and the insectarium was examined under controlled conditions in a 12:12 (L:D) photoperiod cycle. Results: A significant difference was obtained between the number of Lucilia sericata eggs laying at different temperature values (χ2=21.143, P < 0.05). A significant difference was found between the number of Lucilia sericata eggs laying at different humidity values (χ2=17.913, P < 0.05). However, there is no significant difference between the number of egg-laying larvae at 50% and 65% humidity values (P > 0.05). Conclusion: For the egg-laying tendency of Lucilia sericata flies in a specific insectarium under laboratory conditions, a temperature of 35°C and a humidity of 50% is ideal.

Effect of Different Temperatures on Reactions of Potassium Adsorption and Availability in Saline Soils within Nineveh Governorate, Iraq

Thermodynamic criteria were used to evaluate the adsorption and release of potassium in saline soils. The study was conducted on three sites that differ in salt content in Nineveh Governorate - Iraq, and each site is divided into two depths (surface and subsurface). The study was conducted at three temperatures (278, 298, 318 Kelvin). The results of the study showed that there was an increase in the amount of potassium adsorbed and the percentage of adsorption with an increase in the amount of potassium added in all the studied soil samples. For the ability of the soil to the adsorption, the results showed a sudden increase in the adsorption of potassium at the application of the high levels (1 and 2 mmolL-1) of potassium in all the studied soils. Also, the highest value of the ionic activity of potassium (ARk) was (14.05 × 10-3 molL-1/2), at a temperature of 298 K in the subsurface soil layer of the first site, while the lowest one was (1.61 × 10-3 molL-1/2), in the same layer of the first site at a temperature of 278 K. The values ​​of free energy of potassium, ΔGK, in the studied soils ranged from the highest value reached (-14.85×10-3 kJ) at a temperature of 278 K, to the lowest value, reached (-10.56×10-3 KJ) at a temperature of 298 K, in the subsurface soil layer of the first site. Regarding the values ​​of entropy reaction, they ranged from the highest value of -53.43 Jmol-1 in the subsurface depth of the first site at a temperature of 278 K to the lowest value of -35.46 in the same layer of the first site at a temperature of 298 K. On the other hand, the enthalpy values ​​of the studied soil samples were negative, which indicates that the reaction is of the exothermic type, where the highest negative value for enthalpy was -29.70 kJmol-1 at a temperature of 278 K in the subsurface soil layer of the first site and the lowest negative value, was -20.42 kJmol-1 in the same layer of the first site at a temperature of 298 K.

Investigating the effects of different temperatures on the Mixed-Mode fracture parameters in adhesively bonded joints considering cohesive zone modeling

Investigating the effects of different temperatures on the Mixed-Mode fracture parameters in adhesively bonded joints considering cohesive zone modeling

Effect of Different Storage Conditions on HMF, Diastase and Invertase Activity in A. florea Honey from Jalgaon District, North Maharashtra, India

The present study aimed to reveal the effect of different temperatures and storage duration on the Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentration, diastase, and invertase activity of Apis florea honey produced from Jalgaon district, North Maharashtra, India. For the assessment of HMF, diastase and invertase activity, samples were stored at 250C, 350C, 450C, 550C and 650C for the duration of 1, 3 and 5 h, and the variation in these contents were determined quantitatively. According to the results, heating temperatures of 550C and 650C had adverse effects on the concentration of HMF, diastase, and invertase activity compared to honey treated at 250C, 350C, and 450C. On the basis of duration of heating time, it was observed that temperature increased the HMF content while decreased the diastase and invertase activity in varying proportions. The concentration of HMF increased from 33.55 (1.15%) to 48.21 (45.4%) mg/kg, when stored at 65°C for 5 hours, suggesting that HMF levels rise with storage temperature and time. The enzymatic activity of diastase and invertase reduced by 59.9% and 72.1%, respectively, after 5 hours of storage at temperatures of 550C and 650C, indicates deactivation of diastase and invertase enzymes at high temperature and prolong storage duration. Therefore, it was concluded that during processing and storage of honey, heat treatment at higher temperatures (550C and 650C) may affect the HMF content and enzyme activity, which reduces honey quality and lifespan. However, the storage or processing temperatures should remain upto 450C to preserve HMF and enzymatic integrity which keep the quality and freshness of Apis florea honey.

High temperatures promote antibiotic resistance genes conjugative transfer under residual chlorine: Mechanisms and risks

The impact of residual chlorine on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance during the distribution and storage of water has become a critical concern. However, the influence of rising temperatures attributed to global warming on this process remains ambiguous, warranting further investigation. This study investigated the effects of different temperatures (17, 27, 37, and 42°C) on the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) under residual chlorine (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/L). The results indicated that high temperatures significantly increased the conjugative transfer frequency of ARGs in intra-species under residual chlorine. Compared to 17°C, the transfer frequencies at 27°C, 37°C, and 42°C increased by 1.07–2.43, 1.20–4.80, and 1.24–2.82 times, respectively. The promoting effect of high temperatures was mainly due to the generation of reactive oxygen species, the triggered SOS response, and the formation of pilus channels. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that higher temperature stimulates the electron transport chain, thereby enhancing ATP production and facilitating the processes of conjugative, as confirmed by inhibitor validation. Additionally, rising temperatures similarly promoted the frequency of conjugative transfer in inter-species and communities under residual chlorine. These further highlighted the risk of antibiotic resistance spread in extreme and prolonged high-temperature events. The increased risk of antibiotic resistance in the process of drinking water transmission under the background of climate warming is emphasized.

Low-velocity impact damage characteristics of flax/glass epoxy hybrid laminates on the influence of different temperatures: Experimental and numerical analysis

This study investigated the effects of different temperatures on the low-velocity impact damage behaviour of flax fibre-reinforced epoxy composites and their glass/flax hybrids. Composites reinforced with flax, glass, and hybrid flax/glass onto epoxy matrix Subjected to low-velocity drop weight impact tests at 5 J of incident impact energy at sub-zero temperatures (−10 °C and −20 °C) and at room temperature (RT) are presented. Under the different temperatures, the experimental findings showed a beneficial hybrid effect where the temperature played a significant role. At RT, the Lam-GFGFGFG exhibit improved impact resistance, with enhanced energy absorption capabilities compared to glass-only laminates (Lam-G). Besides, Lam-GFFFFG laminates exhibit a significant difference in the force–displacement curves at − 20 °C, with a maximum load of 801.95 N in contrast to RT and − 10 °C resulting in a gradual increase in force with increasing displacement. This indicates that Lam-GFFFFG laminates can resist the impact and maintain structural integrity at sub-zero temperatures. The alternation of glass and flax layers in the hybrid structure contributes to the synergistic effects, resulting in improved damage resistance and tolerance. Also, the highest impact tolerance in a laminate is achieved through the hybridisation of flax fibre-reinforced composites with glass-reinforced layers on the outer surfaces (Lam-GFFFFG) at − 10 °C. Subsequently, experimental results were compared with finite element analysis (FEA) results, derived from a model built using a VUMAT subroutine integrated with ABAQUS/Explicit for a more accurate representation of the damage characterisation of the composite laminates under low-velocity impact.

Effects of storage temperature on throat swabs preserved in different transport media for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in an increased need for molecular diagnostic testing. Delay in the specimen processing and storage of samples in laboratories leads to degradation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA. Inactivation transport medium (ITM) contains chaotropic agents that inactivate the virus and stabilize SARS-CoV-2 RNA for a longer duration, even at room temperature. The effect of different temperatures and duration of storage of samples in viral transport media (VTM) and ITM for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was assessed. Materials and Methods: Samples from COVID-19 patients were aliquoted in ITM and VTM and kept at ambient temperature, 37°C and 45°C. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was extracted. Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction was done on days 0, 1, 3, and 5, and cycle threshold (Ct) values were noted. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0. Linear variables were summarized as mean and standard deviations. One-way analysis of variance test with post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference was used to compare mean value between different loops and for pair-wise comparison. P < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The mean Ct values of both the Orf and E genes of the samples in VTM and ITM were stable across all temperature conditions on day 1. On day 5, the increase in Ct values for both E and Orf genes were significantly higher for VTM than ITM at ambient temperature, 37°C and 45°C. Ribonuclease P failure was significantly higher for VTM than ITM at ambient temperature and 37°C on day 3 and at all temperatures on day 5. Conclusions: ITM is a valuable transport media that can preserve SARS-CoV-2 for up to 5 days at ambient temperature and 37°C. As it renders the samples non-infectious, thus reducing the potential of biohazard events, this transport medium can be used effectively for the collection and transportation of SARS-CoV-2 samples, especially from remote or isolated healthcare facilities.

Methane hydrate formation between graphene oxide nanosheets: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations

This work focuses computationally on the role of graphene and graphene oxide nanosheets in improving the formation of methane gas hydrate and their potential as a promising alternative to traditional gas storage and transportation method. To evaluate methane gas mechanism storage between graphene and graphene oxide nanosheets including C8O-flat, C8O-polar, and C8(OH)2 surfaces, radial distribution function, mean squared displacement, number of hydrogen bonding, and coordination number were taken under consideration. Our results showed that methane hydrate is well formed between graphene, C8O-flat, and C8O-polar nanosheets. C8(OH)2 nanosheet has an inhibitory effect on the gas hydrate formation caused by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl functional groups of the sheets and water molecules. To further investigate the degree of hydrate formation, a four-body structural order (F4φ) was obtained. The values of the F4φ parameter for the C8O-flat, graphene, C8O-polar, and C8(OH)2 systems are 0.6, 0.55, 0.51, and −0.02, respectively. These values indicate the presence of an almost complete and regular network of methane hydrate between the first three mentioned sheets. However, the negative value of the F4φ parameter in the last one suggests the absence of significant hydrate formation by ice-like structure of water molecules. The effect of different temperatures on the formation of methane hydrate was also investigated. It is observed that the hydrate structure completely breaks down in the range of 300–400 K in the different structures.

Effects of temperature and light during the veraison period on grape berry growth

Temperature and light are key environmental factors in plant fruit development that affect fruit coloring, sugar accumulation, and softening. Here, grape berries were grown in vitro to investigate the effects of different temperatures and light treatments on their quality, with a focus on analyzing the effects of anthocyanin metabolism pathway genes and related metabolites. Both high temperature and low light affected grape coloring; however, differences were observed among varieties. Anthocyanins respond to high temperature and low light conditions through a balancing of metabolite types. The COP1–HY5 signaling pathway, which regulates the expression of FLS4, was affected by light and temperature. High temperatures were beneficial for sugar accumulation but resulted in fruit softening, and weak light affected sugar accumulation but did not cause fruit softening. This study was conducted to elucidate poor grape quality under high temperatures and weak lighting following a large-scale application of these conditions to facility-grown grapes. Our results provide valuable insights with respect to grape production. Effective cultivation measures should be considered to improve existing production problems and lay a solid theoretical foundation for growing high-quality grapes.

A Low-Cost and Green Zinc-Iron Battery Achieved by Ethaline Deep Eutectic Solvent.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were considered as a potential electrolyte because of their low price, harmless to environment and wider electrochemical window potential compared to water. In this work, Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Zn(II)/Zn redox couples were used as the positive and negative active materials, respectively, in a DES system using choline chloride and ethylene glycol in a molar ratio of 1 : 2 (ethaline). The possible working mechanism of the battery was studied by cyclic voltammetry, spectroscopic and simulation methods. The effects of different temperatures, concentrations of zinc ions in the anolyte and current densities on battery performance were evaluated. The results showed that the designed zinc-iron battery should preferably be operated at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2 and the temperature of 313~323 K, which will improve the energy efficiency and maintain a high coulombic efficiency. The variation of cycle performance test presents a different pattern from the usual batteries, which is due to the effect of RO- group. At 313 K and 0.5 mA cm-2, the coulombic efficiency increases from 14.1 % to 100.2 % after 46 cycles, and then remains at about 100 % during the rest 54 cycles, which demonstrates a good cycle stability of DES-based zinc-iron battery.

Effect of Temperature and Salinity on Survival of Protoscoleces of Hydatid Cyst in Liver In Vitro.

Hydatid cyst is the metacestode stage of Echinococcus granulosus that occurs in herbivores and humans as intermediate hosts by consuming parasite eggs through forage and vegetables. Carnivores, as definitive hosts, become infected by consuming infected vesicles of herbivores. The most effective treatment for a hydatid cyst is surgical operation. Inactivating E. granulosus protoscoleces through heating, cooling, or chemicals such as sodium chloride can be considered an effective method for controlling hydatidosis in both humans and animals. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different temperatures and salinity conditions on the survival of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. For this purpose, 50 g of infected liver (in triplicate) was separately treated with different temperatures (+10°C, +50°C, +60°C, +72°C, and -20°C) and concentrations of sodium chloride (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Additionally, 50 g of infected liver was stored separately in the refrigerator (+4°C) as a control group. The survival rate of the protoscoleces was evaluated by staining with 1% eosin under a light microscope. The results showed that the protoscoleces were significantly affected, with 100% mortality at -20°C after 0.5 h, and complete death at +72°C, +60°C, +50°C, and +10°C after 1, 1.5, 3, and 24 h, respectively (p < 0.005). Similarly, the protoscoleces in the liver mass survived at 5% NaCl after 3 h but died at 10% after 24 h, at 15% after 12 h, and at 20% after 6 h. It is concluded that exposing the liver infected with protoscoleces hydatid cyst to a temperature of -20°C and a sodium chloride concentration of 10% for 24 h is suitable for inactivating the protoscoleces.

Evaluation of asphalt anti-cracking performance of SBS polymer with SCB method and deep learning

In recent years, there have been unprecedented developments in artificial intelligence. Object detection, voice recognition, face recognition etc. are some of the artificial intelligence applications. In this study, an auxiliary method for the automatic detection of cracks, one of the main deterioration problems on highways, is proposed. The crack formation of hot mix asphalts is investigated with an image processing method modeled with Attention SegNet architecture. Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), the most widely used additive in bitumen modification, was used at 2 %, 3 %, and 4 % ratios to modify 50/70 bitumen. Semi-circular asphalt specimens obtained with SBS modified bitumen were subjected to a semicircular bending (SCB) test and fracture performance was investigated. The effects of different temperature, notch size and additive on crack detection performance are evaluated. In the experimental study, maximum load, fracture energy, fracture toughness (KIC) values were obtained at low temperature, and resistance values against crack propagation were obtained by applying the J-integral method at intermediate temperature. The results demonstrated that with the addition of SBS, the fracture strength and maximum load values increased at each temperature value, with the 4 % SBS mixture offering the highest performance. Moreover, the image segmentation performed with SegNet provided high accuracy and precision values for cracks. It was observed that the accuracy values of the image processing methods decreased at low temperature, while at high temperature, higher accuracy values were obtained as the cracking rate.

Temperature Interference on ZIKV and CHIKV Cycles in Mosquitoes and Mammalian Cells.

Temperature is a determining factor for the viral cycle. In this study, we investigate the effect of different temperatures on the cycles of two important arboviruses-Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV)-in Vero (mammalian) and C6/36 (mosquito) cells. We compare genome quantification to infectivity at 28 °C and 37 °C in both cell types. Virus-cell interaction was also examined by transmission electron microscopy, allowing the observation of phenomena such as virus-surfing and giant forms for CHIKV, as well as the the scarcity of ZIKV in C6/36 cells compared to its cycle in mammalian cells.

Molecular dynamics simulation of solvation behavior and thickening properties of modified siloxanes in supercritical carbon dioxide under different pressure and temperature

Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) fracturing fluids have been limited in their application in unconventional reservoirs due to their weak proppant-carrying capacity resulting from their low viscosity. Consequently, numerous scholars have focused on modifying siloxanes to enhance their solubility and thickening performance in ScCO2. In this paper, the cohesive energy density, interaction energy, radial distribution function, shear viscosity and electrostatic potential distribution of modified siloxane with ScCO2 were calculated using molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of different temperatures and pressures on the dissolution and thickening ability of modified siloxanes in ScCO2 were investigated.The simulation results indicate that high temperature and low pressure have limited effects on promoting the solubility of modified siloxanes in ScCO2, with temperature exerting a more significant influence on solubility behavior than pressure. Additionally, PD4H+TMPTMA is less soluble in ScCO2 compared to PD4H+TAIC. The binding energy of ScCO2 and modified siloxanes decreases with increasing temperature but increases with increasing pressure. Van der Waals interactions and electrostatic interactions play decisive roles in the solubility of modified siloxanes in ScCO2. Finally, the thickening mechanism of modified siloxanes in ScCO2 was elucidated based on molecular structure and binding energy interactions.In summary, this paper aims to provide options and assistance in synthesis of better ScCO2 thickeners for unconventional reservoir fracturing applications through the study of modified siloxanes.

Temperature-regulated cascade reaction for homogeneous oligo-dextran synthesis using a fusion enzyme

Based on the principle of cascade reaction, a fusion enzyme of dextransucrase and dextranase was designed without linker to catalyze the production of oligo-dextran with homogeneous molecular weight from sucrose in one catalytic step. Due to the different effects of temperature on the two components of the fusion enzyme, temperature served as the “toggle switch” for the catalytic efficiency of the two-level fusion enzyme, regulating the catalytic products of the fusion enzyme. Under optimal conditions, the fusion enzyme efficiently utilized 100 % of the sucrose, and the yield of oligo-dextran with a homogeneous molecular weight reached 70 %. The product has been purified and characterized. The probiotic potential of the product was evaluated by analyzing the growth of 10 probiotic species. Its cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities were also determined. The results showed that the long-chain oligo-dextran in this study had significantly better probiotic potential and anti-inflammatory activity compared to other oligosaccharides. This study provides a strategy for the application of oligo-dextran in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Effects of temperature and lactic acid Bacteria additives on the quality and microbial community of wilted alfalfa silage

This study investigated the influence of different temperatures (35℃ High temperature and average indoor ambient temperature of 25℃) and lactic acid bacterial additives (Lactiplantibacillus plantarym, Lentilactobacillus buchneri, or a combination of Lactiplantibacillus plantarym and Lentilactobacillus buchneri) on the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and microbial community of alfalfa silage feed. After a 60-day ensiling period, a significant interaction between temperature and additives was observed, affecting the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the silage feed (p < 0.05). Temperature had a highly significant impact on the pH value of the silage feed (p < 0.0001). However, the effect of temperature on lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid was not significant (p > 0.05), while the inoculation of additives had a significant effect on lactic acid, acetic acid, and butyric acid (p > 0.05). As for the dynamic changes of microbial community after silage, the addition of three kinds of bacteria increased the abundance of lactobacillus. Among all treatment groups, the treatment group using complex bacteria had the best fermentation effect, indicating that the effect of complex lactic acid bacteria was better than that of single bacteria in high temperature fermentation. In summary, this study explained the effects of different temperatures and lactic acid bacterial additives on alfalfa fermentation quality and microbial community, and improved our understanding of the mechanism of alfalfa related silage at high temperatures.

Turning up the heat: Effects of temperature on agonistic acoustic communication in the two-spotted goby (Pomatoschistus flavescens)

Acoustic communication is linked to fitness traits in many animals, but under the current scenario of global warming, sound signals can be affected by rising temperatures, particularly in ectothermic organisms such as fishes. This study examines the effect of water temperature in acoustic communication in the two-spotted goby, Pomatoschistus flavescens. To address this, we looked at the effect of different temperatures on the acoustic features of drums produced by males during territorial defence and related it with their auditory sensitivity. We also analysed the differences in acoustic features between male agonistic drums and previously reported male courtship sounds, to better understand how acoustic communication may be affected by different temperature conditions. We recorded two-spotted goby males during territorial intrusions for 10 min at 16 °C, 19 °C, and 21 °C in the laboratory. We found that agonistic drums were shorter, had fewer pulses and shorter pulse periods at higher temperature, in contrast with the peak frequency that remained unaffected. Male agonistic and mating drums (recorded in a previous study) at 16 °C only differed in pulse period, which was higher in mating drums. Hearing thresholds obtained with Auditory Evoked Potentials at 16 °C, revealed higher sensitivity below 400 Hz, matching the main energy of agonistic and mating sounds. Our findings suggest that increasing temperature could potentially affect acoustic communication in this species by reducing the duration of agonistic drums, which might hinder effective communication. Nevertheless, the impact may not be significant as there was a good match between the best hearing sensitivity and the peak frequency range of their calls, which was not influenced by temperature. As fish and other organisms are increasingly threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including warming, future research should address how changes in water temperature impact acoustic communication within a more realistic multi-stressor scenario.

Empirical Modeling of the Drying Kinetics of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.; Chenopodiaceae) with Peel, and Flour Stability in Laminated and Plastic Flexible Packaging.

Despite the high global production of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), its peel is often discarded. Transforming beetroot into flour can reduce waste, improve food security, and decrease environmental pollution. However, large-scale feasibility depends on understanding drying kinetics and optimal storage conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different temperatures in the convective drying of whole beetroot and evaluate the influence of laminated flexible and plastic packaging on flour stability over two months. Drying kinetics were analyzed using five models, with the Page and Logarithm models showing the best fit (R2 > 0.99). Def values (1.27 × 10-9 to 2.04 × 10-9 m2 s-1) increased with rising temperatures while drying time was reduced (from 820 to 400 min), indicating efficient diffusion. The activation energy was 29.34 KJ mol-1, comparable to other plant matrices. Drying reduced moisture and increased ash concentration in the flour. The flour showed a good water adsorption capacity and low cohesiveness, making it marketable. Laminated packaging was more effective in controlling physicochemical parameters, reducing hygroscopicity, and maintaining quality over 60 days. In summary, the Page model can predict beetroot drying kinetics effectively, and laminated packaging can control flour stability.

The effects of different temperature and humidity conditions on the ripening and cracking of Annona atemoya fruit during storage by regulating the conversion of starch into soluble sugars

Atemoya is prone to soft ripening and cracking and has a short storage life at room temperature in summer and autumn in China. To better understand the mechanisms involved in fruit ripening and cracking, the effects of five temperature and humidity treatments (28 °C + 50%, 28 °C + 70%, 28 °C + 95%, 32 °C + 95%, 15 °C + 95%) were evaluated, and transcriptome analysis of the fruits was performed under storage conditions (stored for 0, 2, 4, and 6 days at 28 and 15 °C) in this study. The transcriptome results revealed that starch and sucrose metabolism was the most enriched KEGG pathway, including 485 DEGs. Compared with the 28 °C + 95% and 28 °C + 70% treatments, which accelerated the fruit ripening and cracking, low-temperature storage (15 °C + 95%) inhibited the expression of starch hydrolase genes such as GWD, LSF2, BAM3, BAM9, ISA3, and DPE2, decreased the activities of BAM and DBE, increased the concentrations of sucrose and trehalose, slowed down the conversion rate of the starch to soluble sugar, decreased the RWC of the pulp, and effectively delayed ripening and cracking. These results provide a physiology and molecular foundation for explaining fruit softening and cracking and extending the shelf life of atemoya.

Effect of phytohormone on proliferation and accumulation of cellular metabolites of microalgae Isochrysis zhanjiangensis

Phytohormones play a role in regulating microalgae cells tolerance to adversity. This paper examines the effects of different temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C) on the physiological characteristics and endogenous phytohormones of the Isochrysis Zhanjiangensis (IZ) and its mutagenic strain (3005). The results showed that the endogenous phytohormones indole acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) between the two strains. The addition of 0.5 mg·L-1 exogenous JA inhibitor ibuprofen (IBU) improved cell growth of IZ, and was extremely effective in the accumulation of polysaccharides, which accounted for 33.25 %. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that genes involved in photosynthesis, such as PetC and PsbO, exhibited significantly elevated expression of the strain IZ, while the pathways related to JA synthesis may be the factor affecting microalgae temperature tolerance. This study provides a theoretical foundation for elucidating the underlying mechanisms and potential applications for high temperature tolerance in IZ.