Differential Diagnosis Of Testicular Masses Research Articles

Isolated Hydatid Cyst: A Misleading Diagnosis

Cystic hydatid disease is an endemic disease caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosis. It is especially evident in the liver, lungs, and kidney. Testicular hydatidosis is extremely rare. A case of a hydatid cyst of the testis is reported that was misdiagnosed clinically as a testicular hydrocele. Echinococcosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses especially in endemic countries. Treatment is mainly surgical and, with proper diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis is good.

Rare Case of Testicular Metastasis of Prostate Carcinoma after 13 Years of Prostatectomy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Metastasis of prostate cancer to the testes is a rare phenomenon, often indicating advanced-stage disease. This case report details a 79-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer, who underwent endoscopic-extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. The patient subsequently received radiation therapy for local recurrences. Thirteen years post-surgery, a testicular ultrasound revealed a cystic mass in the left testis, initially suspected to be a primary neoplasm. However, pathology with immunohistochemical analyses confirmed metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma. Testicular metastasis of prostate cancer is uncommon, underscoring the aggressiveness and potential spread of the tumor. Clinically evident testicular metastases develop in only a small percentage of prostate cancer patients. This case report highlights the importance of considering metastatic disease in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses and the necessity of clinicopathologic correlation in such evaluations. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for managing testicular metastasis and improving patient outcomes. The case also emphasizes the significance of long-term follow-up in prostate cancer patients, as metastasis can occur many years post-initial treatment. Furthermore, it illustrates the critical role of advanced imaging techniques and thorough pathological assessments in identifying and managing metastatic spread. This report contributes to the limited but growing body of literature on testicular metastasis from prostate cancer, providing insights for clinicians in recognizing and managing this rare but serious complication. It underscores the need for ongoing research to better understand the mechanisms of metastatic spread and develop targeted therapeutic strategies.

Tubercular Testicular Abscess in a Young Male-Rare Presentation of a Common Disease

Genitourinary tuberculosis is rare manifestation of extra pulmonary tuberculosis which itself is an fairly uncommon manifestation of a common global disease. Of these rare manifestations, we present a still rarer case of testicular tubercular abscess. We highlight the importance of testicular tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis of testicular mass / abscess and use of histopathology in clinching the diagnosis.

Testicular capillary hemangioma: Case report

Testicular capillary hemangioma: Case report

Continuous-type splenogonadal fusion: A rare cause of scrotal swelling

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly in which an abnormal attachment found between splenic tissue and gonads or mesonephric derivatives. There are two anatomic types: continuous and discontinuous. It is commonly mistaken for testicular tumor. We report the case of a 10-year-old child in whom an inguinal mass indicated surgical exploration. The ectopic tissue was completely removed with preservation of the testis. Histopathological examination was reported as ectopic splenic tissue. Splenogonadal fusion is a benign lesion, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses.

A rare case of continuous type splenogonadal fusion in a young male with primary infertility.

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare developmental anomaly in which an abnormal connection between splenic tissue and gonads or mesonephric derivatives is present. Here we present a case of young man with the complaint of primary infertility for 3 years. On evaluation (USG and MRI abdomen and pelvis), his right scrotal testis was atrophied and left intra-abdominal undescended testis. On laparoscopic assessment, a mass was seen on the left side due to continuous type of splenogonadal fusion for which excision and left orchidectomy were done. Postoperative period was uneventful and he was discharged under satisfactory condition. Splenogonadal fusion is a rare entity and it is commonly mistaken for testicular tumour. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses especially when there are associated congenital anomalies and preoperative laparoscopic assessment, should be done to avoid unnecessary radical surgery.

Ectopic splenic tissue in the testis: A case report

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly that has been encountered in all age groups. It is defined as an abnormal connection between spleen and gonad or mesonephros derivatives. We report a case of splenogonadal fusion which was diagnosed incidentally in a 38-year-old man with a history of infertility. This rare entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses.

Fibrous pseudotumor of tunica vaginalis and epididymis

Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumors are rare, and less than 10% of them affect the epididymis. We report a case of testicular trauma that progressed to a painless palpable tumor in the right hemiscrotum with increased local volume. Orchiectomy followed by anatomic-pathologic examination revealed a paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor. The best treatment is scrotal exploration and frozen biopsy. On confirmation of the diagnosis, only the tumor and the tunica vaginalis are resected. Should the benign nature not be possible to determine, orchiectomy is the procedure of choice. We also reviewed published reports for this possibility in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses.

Venous cavernous hemangioma of the testis

T images presented are from a 77-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with a 1-year history of hoarseness. A recent workup revealed an advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (T3N2CM0). He was admitted to the hospital to begin his first course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatinum. His admission genitourinary examination revealed a large solid-appearing mass of the left testicle. The patient claimed that the testicle had been enlarged for “50 years.” An ultrasound of the testis demonstrated a large inhomogeneous mass with multiple hypoechoic regions and calcific shadowing (Fig. 1). The serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and alfa-feto protein levels were normal. The patient underwent an inguinal exploration. The cord structures were normal. The left testicle was firm and irregularly enlarged. A left radical orchiectomy was performed. The bivalved gross specimen is seen in Figure 2. The microscopic evaluation demonstrates vascular channels consistent with a large cavernous hemangioma of the testis (Figs. 3A and B). Cavernous hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors. Only 25 cases of testicular hemangiomas have been cited previously in the literature.1 In the present case, it was believed that the mass was probably benign because it had been present for many years. The sonographic features were more suggestive of a malignant process. Thus a radical orchiectomy was performed. This lesion, while rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses.

Differential Diagnosis of Testicular Mass by Cytological Examination of Seminal Fluid Collected by Ejaculation or Prostatic Massage

The cytological examination of the seminal fluid of 3 patients with painless testicular masses was performed using an ordinary conventional technique. Neoplastic cells appeared in the ejaculate or fluid from prostatic massage of all patients. The final pathologies were seminoma, choriocarcinoma and mixed teratocarcinoma. Malignant cells were no longer found in the seminal fluid after orchiectomy. This sample, noninvasive technique plus further flow cytometric study of cellular DNA contents is a great help in the preoperative differential diagnosis of testicular masses.

Splenic gonadal fusion

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare anomaly to be included in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses. It is often associated with congenital defects, including peromelia and micrognathia. A case is presented and the literature reviewed.

Hydatid Cyst of Testis: A Case Report

A case of a hydatid cyst of the testis Is reported that was misdiagnosed clinically as malignant tumor. Echinococcosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses, especially in endemic countries.