Differential Diagnosis Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein 2 in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers.

Single-stranded DNA binding protein 2 (SSBP2) is a tumor suppressor candidate. In this study, the expression level and clinicopathological significance of SSBP2 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were evaluated. We also identified biological pathways associated with a set of genes potentially related to SSBP2. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 70 SCC and 146 BCC cases to assess SSBP2 expression semi-quantitatively. In addition, the associations between SSBP2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed using publicly available data and web-based bioinformatics tools. Compared with BCC, SCC had a significantly low SSBP2 expression (p < 0.001). In total, 12 (17.1%) of the 70 SCC cases and 30 (20.5%) of the 146 BCC cases showed low SSBP2 expression. Among SCC cases, ulceration (p = 0.005) and a deep level of invasion (p = 0.012) showed an association with low SSBP2 expression. Local recurrence was slightly more common in the SCC subgroup with low SSBP2 expression, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.058). Using GO enrichment analysis, we identified several biological functions performed by a set of 36 genes in SCC. SSBP2 evaluation using IHC can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of SCC and BCC. SSBP2 expression was associated with tumor invasiveness in SCC.

Dual-layer dual-energy CT for improving differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma at gastroesophageal junction.

ObjectiveTo examine the clinical values of dual-energy CT parameters derived from dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) in the differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ).MethodsTotally 66 patients with SCC and AC of the GEJ confirmed by pathological analysis were retrospectively enrolled, and underwent dual-phase contrast-enhancement chest CT with SDCT. Plain CT value, CT attenuation enhancement (△CT), iodine concentration (IC), spectral slope (λHU), effective atomic number (Zeff) and 40keV CT value (CT40keV) of the lesion in the arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP) were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of different combinations of dual-energy CT parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the accuracy of dual-energy CT parameters and Delong test was used to compare AUCs.ResultsIC, λHU, Zeff and CT40keV in AP and VP and △CT in VP were significantly higher in the AC group than those in the SCC group (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that IC, λHU, Zeff and CT40keV in VP had high diagnostic performances, with AUCs of 0.74, 0.74, 0.79 and 0.78, respectively. Logistic regression showed the combination of ICVP, λHU VP, CT40keV VP and Zeff VP had the highest AUC (0.84), with a threshold of 0.40, sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing SCC and AC were 93.1% and 73.0%, respectively. Delong test showed that the AUC of △CTVP was lower than other AUCs of dual-energy CT parameters.ConclusionDual-energy CT parameters derived from SDCT provide added value in the differential diagnosis of SCC and AC of the GEJ, especially the combination of IC, λHU, CT40keV and Zeff in VP.Advances in knowledgeDual-energy CT parameters derived from dual-layer spectral detector CT provide added value to differentiate AC from SCC at the GEJ, especially the combination of effective atomic number, spectral slope, iodine concentration and 40keV CT value in VP.

Comparison of spectral computed tomography imaging parameters between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction.

To compare the spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). A total of 80 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Among them, 35 were diagnosed with SCC (SCC group) and 45 were diagnosed with AC (AC group). All patients underwent an enhanced scan with spectral CT. The following CT imaging parameters were evaluated: iodine concentration (IC), water content (WC), effective atomic number (Eff-Z) and slope of the spectral HU curve (λHU) of lesions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of spectral CT imaging parameters for diagnosis of SCC and AC. Patients with SCC had lower IC, Eff-Z, and λHU in arterial phase and venous phase compared with AC (p< 0.05). There were no significant differences in WC between the two groups. ROC curve analyses revealed that IC, Eff-Z, and λHU in arterial phase and venous phase were predictors for diagnosis of SCC and AC (AUC > 0.5). Moreover, the IC, Eff-Z and λHU in venous phase had better differential diagnostic performances than that in arterial phase. Spectral CT could be useful in the differential diagnosis of SCC and AC at the GEJ. Therefore, a routine spectral CT scan is recommended for patients with carcinoma of the GEJ.

P16 Expression in Keratoacanthomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Skin: An Immunohistochemical Study

Distinguishing between keratoacanthoma (KA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is not an uncommon histologic diagnostic dilemma. To determine if p16 expression is useful in the differential diagnosis of SCC and KA. We studied the expression of p16 by immunohistochemistry in 24 KAs, 24 infiltrating SCCs of the skin, 4 histologically indeterminate lesions, and 8 nonmalignant keratoses. A range of immunohistochemical p16 expression was seen in KAs and SCCs in terms of the thickness of lesional staining and the percentage of cells staining. No significant difference in measures of p16 expression was identified among the KAs, the SCCs, the indeterminate lesions, or the benign keratoses. These findings suggest that p16 is not a useful marker to distinguish between KA and SCC, supporting the similarity between the 2 lesions; p16 alterations appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of both KA and SCC.