Differential Diagnosis Of Other Conditions Research Articles

Drug-induced mucosal alterations observed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Several features of drug-induced mucosal alterations have been observed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, i.e., the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. These include pill-induced esophagitis, desquamative esophagitis, worsening of gastroesophageal reflux, chemotherapy-induced esophagitis, proton pump inhibitor-induced gastric mucosal changes, medication-induced gastric erosions and ulcers, pseudomelanosis of the stomach, olmesartan-related gastric mucosal inflammation, lanthanum deposition in the stomach, zinc acetate hydrate tablet-induced gastric ulcer, immune-related adverse event gastritis, olmesartan-asso-ciated sprue-like enteropathy, pseudomelanosis of the duodenum, and lanthanum deposition in the duodenum. For endoscopists, acquiring accurate knowledge regarding these diverse drug-induced mucosal alterations is crucial not only for the correct diagnosis of these lesions but also for differential diag-nosis of other conditions. This minireview aims to provide essential information on drug-induced mucosal alterations observed on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, along with representative endoscopic images.

Fabry Disease: More than a Phenocopy of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Fabry disease (FD) is a genetic lysosomal storage disease with frequent cardiovascular involvement, whose presence is a major determinant of adverse clinical outcomes. As a potentially treatable cause of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the early recognition of FD is crucial to initiate enzyme replacement therapy and improve long-term prognosis. Multimodality imaging plays a central role in the evaluation of patients with FD and helps in the differential diagnosis of other conditions presenting with LVH. In the present review, we explore the current applications of multimodality cardiac imaging, in particular echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance, in the diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and follow-up of patients with FD.

FOREIGN BODY REACTIONS RELATED TO OROFACIAL AESTHETIC FILLERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

<h3>Objectives</h3> To systematically review the clinicopathologic data referring foreign body reactions (FBR) related to aesthetic fillers in the orofacial region. <h3>Study Design</h3> An electronic search was undertaken in 6 databases. Eligibility criteria were based on articles without any restriction describing case reports or case series of FBR related to orofacial fillers. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty-seven studies reporting 162 cases were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 53.22 years (14-83 years), with the majority cases in America (<i>n</i> = 86; 53.1%), with a predilection for women (<i>n</i> = 151; 93.2%). Regarding its main clinical characteristics, 78 presented as nodules (47.9%), and the lower lip represented the most affected anatomic location (46, 23.1%), followed by the upper lip (43, 21.6%). Surgical removal accounted for 57 cases (32.9%). The time between injection and reaction was 59.75 months (10 days-40 years). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Because severe long-term immunologic and inflammatory reactions can occur in the patients, dental surgeons should be able to recognize its manifestations mainly because rofacial involvement can represent an important aspect for its early diagnosis and for the differential diagnosis of other conditions.

Multilevel "fish-vertebra" sign in a patient with idiopathic osteoporosis.

“Fish‐vertebra” is an uncommon deformity of vertebral body shape, consisting of central depression of the superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies. It is characteristic in idiopathic osteoporosis and can help in the differential diagnosis of other conditions, such as osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, sickle cell disease, Paget disease, and multiple myeloma.

Macroamilasemia en el Hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray de Trujillo (Perú): reporte de un caso

La macroamilasemia debe sospecharse en todo paciente con aumento catalítico de amilasa α plasmática persistente y sin clínica de dolor abdominal, descartando otras etiologías de patología pancreáticas y extrapancreática. La macroamilasemia se caracteriza por la unión de complejos de amilasa α con inmunoglobulina, más frecuente inmunoglobulina A; pueden presentarse 3 tipos de macroamilasemia. Es importante realizar el diagnóstico diferencial de otras patologías que puedan causar el aumento de la amilasa y así evitar los procedimientos innecesarios. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 53 años, de sexo femenino, que ingresó a emergencia por clínica de dolor abdominal y hiperamilasemia, que fue diagnosticada inicialmente de pancreatitis aguda.

Rhinosporidiosis in horses

ABSTRACT: Rhinosporidiosis is a disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic protist of the class Mesomycetozoa. It primarily affects the nasal mucosa and transmission is associated with contaminated water contact. This report describes seven cases of rhinosporidiosis in horses in Rio Grande do Sul covering the period of 13 years. The disease predominantly affected Crioulo and thoroughbred horses. No apparent gender predisposition occurs, and age ranged from two to 25 years, with a median of 10 years. The gross aspects were characterized by unilateral (85.7%, 6/7) or bilateral (14.3%, 1/7) polyps. These were soft to friable, whitish to pink, cauliflower-like, with an irregular, sometimes ulcerated surface, measuring 2.5 to 6.0cm in diameter. There was a severe inflammatory infiltrate of the submucosa was observed, associated with moderate proliferation of the epithelium, and numerous rounded structures were identified compatible with sporangia of R. seeberi. Rhinosporidiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of other conditions affecting the respiratory tract of horses, and it is important to perform histopathology for diagnosis.

English

INTRODUCTION: The pancreas is a difficult organ to evaluate by both clinical and routine radiological methods. An inflammatory pathology involving the pancreas will form part of the differential diagnosis of other conditions presenting with abdominal pain. The combination of appropriate clinical findings and laboratory tests permit an accurate diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in most patients. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, forms a much more difficult entity to evaluate clinically or biochemically. The clinical and biochemical parameters form a key factor in the diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis. Cross-sectional imaging with ultrasound and CT has afforded rapid, accurate and noninvasive evaluation of the pancreas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 50 cases of Acute and chronic pancreatitis of 16 to 67 years age of both male and females who were diagnosed on imaging studies (Ultrasound and/or CT) or on a constellation of signs, symptoms and laboratory data indicative of pancreatitis during the period from August 2011 to July 2013. RESULTS: A total of 50 cases were studied of which 40 had acute pancreatitis and 10 had chronic pancreatitis. In the 40 cases with acute pancreatitis, ultrasound alone was done in 16 cases, CT alone in 4 cases and both modalities were employed in the remaining 20 patients. All the 10 cases with chronic pancreatitis had an ultrasound study but only one required a CT scan. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is an initial screening modality in a suspected case of pancreatitis and MDCT is the investigation of choice for definitive diagnosis and estimation of severity of pancreatitis. The pancreas is a difficult organ to evaluate by both clinical and routine radiological methods. An inflammatory pathology involving the pancreas will form part of the differential diagnosis of other conditions presenting with abdominal pain. The combination of appropriate clinical findings and laboratory tests such as serum amylase and lipase levels permit an accurate diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in most patients. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, forms a much more difficult.

Extremely high isolated maternal alkaline phosphatase serum concentration – 2 case reports and literature review

CasesWe report 2 cases of isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in pregnancy. Two healthy primigravida who are in their twenties presented with generally feeling unwell at approximately 36-37 weeks gestations....

Neuroimaging of abusive head trauma

The diagnostic process for evaluating suspected abusive head trauma in infants and children has evolved with technological advances in neuroimaging. Since Caffey first described a series of children with chronic subdural hematomas and multiple long bone fractures, radiologists have played an important role, along with pediatricians and pathologists, in evaluating abused children. Neuroimaging modalities include ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI technology. Each has distinct clinical applications, as well as practical uses in the clinical diagnostic process of AHT. Importantly, neuroimaging assists in the process of differential diagnosis of other conditions which may mimic AHT. Collaboration between neuroradiologists, clinicians, and pathologists remains critical to making the appropriate diagnosis. Careful history, physical examination, and investigation by legal authorities form the components that result in accurate assessment of any case. This paper reviews pertinent neuroimaging modalities currently utilized in the diagnosis of AHT, describing clinical indications and a collaborative approach to this process.

Otitis Media in Infants and Children

This useful book has 10 chapters, the first 6 dealing with basic sciences and the last 4 addressing clinical disease and management. The authors are well qualified, having written more about this subject than any of their contemporaries. All their publications have reflected well-constructed, controlled studies. Caveats for initial evaluation of children with otitis media are presented, coupled with a brief differential diagnosis of other conditions that cause conductive hearing loss: traumatic or erosive ossicular chain disruption and atelectasis of the tympanic membrane associated with ossicular discontinuity or an acquired cholesteatoma. There is an excellent section on normal eustachian tube function and dysfunction due to maldevelopment of the cranial base or intrinsic mechanical obstruction by polyps or cholesteatoma. Knowledge of the epidemiology of middle-ear disease in children is a recent development. Longitudinal studies of American Indian and Alaskan children are presented. Otitis media unrecognized by parents, because it was asymptomatic,