Differences In Neutrophil Counts Research Articles

Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil and Dietary Intervention Improved Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters in Children with Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1 in Jordan: A Clinical Trial.

Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, most of which are inherited in autosomal recessive patterns. GSDs are of two types: those that have to do with liver and hypoglycaemia (hepatic GSDs) and those that are linked to neuromuscular presentation. This study aims to assess the impact of dietary intervention, including medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, on anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis and metabolic parameters among Jordanian children and is expected to be the first in the country. A sample of 38 children with glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD-1) (median age = 6.4 years) were on a diet that included uncooked cornstarch therapy and a fructose-, sucrose- and lactose-restricted diet. Patients started to take MCT oil along with the prescribed diet after the first body composition test. Patients' nutritional status was re-evaluated three months later. The study results show that the percentage of patients who suffered from hypoglycaemia at the beginning of the study decreased significantly from 94.7% to 7.9% (p < 0.0001). The serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid and lactate decreased significantly after three months of intervention (100-71.1%, 73.7-21.1%, 97.4-52.6% and 94.7-18.4%, respectively). In contrast, there was no statistical difference in neutrophil count. Regarding clinical parameters, liver span was significantly reduced from (16.01 ± 2.65 cm) to (14.85 ± 2.26 cm) (p < 0.0001). There were significant improvements in growth parameters, including height-for-age and BMI-for-age for children aged ≥2 years (p = 0.034 and p = 0.074, respectively). Significant improvements in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content were also noticed at the end of the trial (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, medium-chain triglyceride therapy is found to improve biochemical and growth parameters in children with GSD-1 in Jordan.

Can Endometrial Cytology Identify Patients Who Would Benefit from Immunotherapy?

Introduction: Patients with polymerase epsilon (POLE) mutation (POLEmut) subtype, MMR-deficient (MMR-d) subtype as classified by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and a high tumor mutation burden (TMB-high) potentially benefit from immunotherapy. However, characteristics of the cytological morphology within these populations remain unknown. Methods: DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues was subjected to next-generation sequencing analysis. Genomic mutations related to gynecological cancers, TMB, and microsatellite instability were analyzed and were placed in four TCGA classification types. The following morphological cytological investigations were conducted on endometrial cancer using a liquid-based preparation method, prior to the commencement of initial treatment: (i) cytological backgrounds; (ii) differences between each count of neutrophils and lymphocytes as described below. Results: Insignificant differences in the cytological background patterns of TCGA groups and TMB status were found. Although there was no significant difference in neutrophil count (p = 0.955) in the TCGA groups, POLEmut and MMR-d had significantly higher lymphocyte counts than no specific molecular profile (NSMP) (p = 0.019 and 0.037, respectively); furthermore, p53mut also tended to be significant (p = 0.064). Lymphocyte counts in TMB-high were also significantly greater than TMB-low (p = 0.002). POLEmut showed a positive correlation between TMB levels and lymphocyte counts. For predicting patients with POLEmut plus MMR-d, lymphocyte counts demonstrated a superior diagnostic accuracy of area under the curve (AUC) (0.70, 95% CI: 0.57–0.84), with a cutoff value of 26 high-power field. Conclusion: Lymphocyte count using liquid-based cytology for patients with endometrial cancer may predict POLEmut plus MMR-d of TCGA groups and TMB-high in those who can benefit from immunotherapy.

Hematological and biochemical reference values for the Brazilian Pony breed

The aim of this study was to characterize the hematological profile of the equine Brazilian Pony breed herds in northern of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Blood samples were separated in categories: adult stallions, pregnant mares and non-pregnant mares. The red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hgb), main corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cells (WBC) and differential count of basophils (Baso), eosinophils (Eos), band cells (Bands), segmented neutrophils (Neut), lymphocytes (Lym), monocytes (Mono), and platelets (Plat) were evaluated. The biochemical parameters of urea (Urea), alanine aminotransferase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and creatinine (Creatinine) were measured in pregnant and non-pregnant mares. Analysis of variance was carried out with difference of hematological parameters between males and females. Also, analysis of variance was used to verify the effect of pregnancy on biochemical parameters. There was effect of sex on RBC, hemoglobin, VCM and MHCH, but PVC and MHC were not affected by sex. Higher means were observed in females. There was an effect of sex on WBC, eosinophils and neutrophils. There was effect of pregnancy on AST, but no effect on urea, GGT and Creatinine. According to the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the analysis of the blood count and the biochemical of the Brazilian Pony reveals specificities compared to other equine breeds. Thus, these results could be used as biomarkers for the evaluation of the Brazilian Pony breed in Rio de Janeiro.

The significance of initial lactate levels in emergency department presentations of abdominal wall hernia.

Abdominal wall hernias are a frequent cause of abdominal pain-related emergency department visits. Our study aimed to establish the connection between lactate levels and patient outcomes in those with abdominal pain due to abdominal wall hernias. Our research followed a retrospective, observational, and descriptive approach and two center. We included patients who visited the emergency department for abdominal pain and were confirmed to have abdominal wall hernias through ultrasound. We enrolled 493 patients meeting the criteria. Median age was 65years, with 54% (n=266) being male. Regarding outcomes, 40.5% (n=200) were hospitalized, 27.7% (n=137) underwent surgery, and 7.9% (n=39) underwent bowel resection. Mortality rate during hernia-related hospital admission was 0.6% (n=3). For hospitalized patients, there were significant differences in white blood cell count, neutrophil count and percentage, platelet count, lymphocyte count, and percentage (p<0.05). Patients undergoing resection showed significant differences in neutrophil count, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte count, and lymphocyte percentage (p<0.05). Lactate levels were statistically significant in all patient groups requiring hospitalization, surgery, and resection (p<0.05). Sensitivity and specificity of lactate test results indicated in patients undergoing bowel resection, lactate values ≥1.96mmol/L had a specificity of 64%, sensitivity of 71%, and a negative predictive value of 96% (p<0.05). Low lactate levels in patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain caused by abdominal wall hernias have a high negative predictive value for excluding strangulation and the need for bowel resection. Therefore, we recommend the use of lactate as an additional diagnostic tool in emergency department presentations related to abdominal wall hernias.

The Role of the ADAMTS18 Gene-Induced Immune Microenvironment in Mouse Kidney Development.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the ADAMTS18 gene in regulating the renal development of mice. PAS staining was used to observe the kidney development of E12.5-E17.5 mice, while immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR were used to observe the expression of ADAMTS18. Ureteric bud (UB) branches were observed using immunofluorescence staining using the UB marker E-cadherin, and the apoptosis and proliferation of posterior renal mesenchymal cells were analyzed using TUNEL and PH3 fluorescence staining. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration, and western blotting (WB) was used to analyze the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. As a result, the ADAMTS18 gene expression gradually increased as the kidney continued to mature during embryonic development. Compared with that in the control and vector groups, UB branching was significantly reduced in the ADAMTS18 deletion group (p < 0.05), but that deletion of ADAMTS18 did not affect posterior renal mesenchymal cell proliferation or apoptosis (p > 0.05). Compared with those in the control and vector groups, the proportion of embryonic kidney B cells and the proportion of CD8+ cells were significantly greater after ADAMTS18 was knocked down (p < 0.05), but the difference in neutrophil counts was not significant (p > 0.05). The WB analysis revealed that the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expression was significantly increased after ADAMTS18 was knocked down (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the ADAMTS18 gene may be involved in mice kidney development by regulating the immune microenvironment and activating immune checkpoints. Deletion of the ADAMTS18 gene may be unfavorable for kidney development.

Haematological Changes Following Intramuscular and Per- Rectal Diclofenac Sodium Administration in Dogs undergoing Orchiectomy

A total of 30 Nigerian indigenous male dogs aged 1-2 years (1.65±0.47) and 11-15kg (13.4±1.27) body weight were used for the study. They were randomly allocated into 6 groups of 5 dogs each. Groups A1, B1 and C1 for intramuscular at 2mg/kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively and Groups A2, B2 and C2 for per-rectal at 2mg//kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg. Haematological values of Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cell (WBC) and Differential leucocyte counts (DLC) of Lymphocyte (LYM), Neutrophils (NEU), Monocyte (MON) and Eosinophils (EOS) were determined. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software Version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago. Illinois). General Linear Model (GLM) using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA), to compare the mean of different groups at a 95% confidence interval and a 5% level of significance was used. The PCV, Hb and Rbc values of the dogs castrated were within normal range when compared with specie corresponding values. The PCV value was lowest 38.6±1.9 at 2nd hour 2mg/kg for per rectum and highest of 44.1±1.9 at the 9th hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose. The Hb value was lowest at 12.9±0.5 at 1st hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose and the highest of 15.3±0.8 at 0 hour for intramuscular at 2mg/kg. The Rbc value was lowest at 4.0±1.5 at 4th hour, 2mg/kg for per rectum and the highest of 6.6±0.3 at 7th hour, 2mg/kg. The Total leucocyte count (TLC) values of WBC and DLC also recorded significant differences. There was significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between routes but values remain within normal range of values. This finding shows that the use of Diclofenac as a short term analgesic caused no significant changes on the haematocrit values of dogs when used after castration. This finding has also indicated that short-term use of diclofenac through the per rectum route may be safe and had no deleterious effect on haematological value of Nigerian indigenous male dogs

Comparison of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters Among COVID-19 Patients With and Without Vaccination in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective

Background: The availability of the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic has changed the disease course in the entire world. The current study aimed to compare various hematological parameters among COVID-19 patients with and without vaccination. Methods: The present retrospective study included 26 vaccinated and 26 non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients. Various clinical and biochemical parameters of RT-PCR-positive patients were collected. The values are expressed in Mean±SD or median values IQR. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between the groups. Results: Among the vaccinated individuals, 17 cases (65.4%) were asymptomatic, one patient (3.8%) had moderate, eight cases (30.8%) had mild COVID-19 infection and all 26 patients were completely recovered. Among non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients, 25 cases (96.2%) had severe, one case (3.8%) had moderate COVID-19, and 16 patients (61.5%) recovered but ten cases succumbed to COVID-19. There were statistically significant differences in SpO2, total leucocyte count, and differential counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients (P&lt;0.001). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be at a higher level (P&lt;0.01) among non-vaccinated patients [10.9(4.28-23.63)] compared to vaccinated [1.55(1.09-2.28)]. The blood urea, total and direct bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and inflammatory markers, like C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were highly elevated in non-vaccinated patients (P&lt;0.001). Moreover, lower values of total protein, serum albumin, and albumin and globulin (A/G) ratio were noted in the non-vaccinated compared to vaccinated individuals (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Vaccinated patients had milder disease with fewer derangements of hematological parameters compared to non-vaccinated patients. It can be concluded that vaccine has played a vital role during the COVID-19 pandemic in reducing mortality.

AML-213 Unusual Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML-M2): A Case Report

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rarely presented with thrombocytosis and marked thrombocytosis with a platelet count over 1.0×1012/L is an extremely rare phenomenon. A case of de novo AML with unusual presentation by extreme thrombocytosis. A case report. Hematology Unit at the Oncology Center Mansoura University, Egypt. A 37-year-old male patient with a history of sleeve gastrectomy in 2020, presented with oral mucositis, recurrent abscess, fever, and bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. Initial complete blood count (CBC) showed a Hb level of 6 g/dL, a platelet count of 1.685×109/L, and a white blood cell (WBC) count of 19×109/L. Diagnosis of de novo AML (FAB-M2 AML) was confirmed by bone marrow aspiration, biopsy, and immunophenotyping. Cytogenetic study showed negative t(8;21)/inv 16/ t(9;22). A molecular study showed positive FLT-3 mutation and negative BCP/ABL1, JAK2, V617F, and CALR exon 9 mutations excluding blast transformation on top of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The patient received induction chemotherapy including a course of 7-day-cytarabine along with 3-day-anthracycline on September 20th, 2021 but the patient was refractory as BMA showed blast cells 75%. The patient started salvage HAM (high-dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone) + Sorafenib on November 6th, 2021. Again, he could not achieve a response and received FLAG (high-dose cytosine arabinoside, fludarabine, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors) + Sorafenib on December 18th, 2021, after recovery from COVID-19 infection. To shed light on fact that myeloid neoplasms as MPN, MDS, and de novo AML can share overlapping features. On January 25th, 2022, the last CBC showed a Hb level of 8.4 g/dL, a platelet Count of 395×109/L, and a WBC Count of 2.41×109/L with a differential Neutrophil count of 0.24×109/L. The patient lost follow-up since then. Only a few AML cases have been reported with thrombocytosis. Detailed molecular studies are mandatory to confirm the diagnosis of de novo AML patients with unusual presentation. Careful follow-up of those cases could help in establishing management guidelines for better outcomes as those patients usually have a poor prognosis.

Clinical features, outcomes and predictors of drug resistance and complications in patients admitted with pyelonephritis.

Drug resistance and the presence of structural complications have significant implications for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. We aimed to examine the predictors of drug resistance and complications in a retrospective cohort of patients admitted with pyelonephritis. 188 patients were included in this study. Patients who had had a urinary catheterization in the previous month and who lived outside the district in which the hospital was located were more likely to have ESBL infections. Carbapenem resistance was associated with recent urinary catheterization, a positive urine nitrate test, hypotension requiring vasopressors and the need for intensive care. A history of flank pain, urea level >13.3 mmol/L, a differential neutrophil count >75% and a urinalysis with >1000 leucocytes per high power field was associated with an increased risk of complications. A score derived from these variables to predict structural complications of infection had a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 67.1.

Immunity study among burn patients infected with bacterial pseudomonas species

The Invade of the Burns infaction by potentially pathogenic bacteria constitutes threatens its transmission to different human tissues and organs, this study provides isolation and identification of 37 isolates bacteria pseudomonas species for the 120 specimen (20 pseudomonas.aeruginosa.10 Pseudomonas. fluorescens.7 Pseuomonas.putadia) recovered from burn infections. In this study, some of virulence factors were detected by traditional phenotypic methods. The results Bacterial gelatinase . The results of the study demonstrated that the high production of gelatinase was released from P.aeruginosa 20/20(100%, P.fluorescens10/10(100%).p putedia 5/7(71.42%) . the total pseudomonas spp 35/37(94.59%) isolates . The results haemolysin production In the blood agar plate method, 30/37 (80.08%) of 20/20(100%) P. aeruginosa.9/10(90%) p. fluorescens. and 1/7(14.28%) p.putedia of all isolates demonstrate beta-hemolytic activity. Total and Deferential Count of White Blood Cells the results of WBC and differential cells. The results of WBC and differential count of neutrophils and monocytes in survivors burn patients have shown the significant increase (P&lt;0.05) compared to control group. But the lymphocytes,eosinophils and basophils showed non-significant (P&gt;0.05). Cytokines Detections Interleukin-6 the concentration of IL-6 in burn patients were of significant elevation (P&lt;0.01) in compared to control group, yet the concentration of IL-6 showed a highly elevation burn patients.

Neutrophil Respiratory Burst: an immunological indicator of post stroke infection

Stroke is long known to be followed by a series of immunosuppressive events, and infections might be a cause of death after an acute insult of stroke. The aim of our work was to assess the percentage of neutrophils showing spontaneous oxidative burst in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The study included 30 patients with acute cerebral infarction subjected to the following: magnetic resonance imaging of the brain immediately on admission, and blood sampling on day one of admission (baseline) and after 3 days of admission. Blood samples were used for the assessment of: differential leucocyte count and percentage of neutrophils showing spontaneous oxidative burst, performed by flow cytometry. Thirty age and gender matched controls were also recruited. Neutrophil respiratory burst percentage was significantly lower in stroke patients in comparison to controls (P < 0.001), and stroke patients had significantly lower neutrophil respiratory burst percent on day 3 of admission compared to the baseline (P < 0.001). Stroke-induced immune alterations including impairment of the first-line defense performed by neutrophils against bacteria. The hypothesis that these changes enhance susceptibility to acquired infections is supported by our observation that oxidative burst in neutrophils was more impaired in patients with stroke who exhibited subsequent stroke-associated infections.

Specificity, Sensitivity and Usefulness Of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio In The Follow-Up Of Patients After Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Treatment

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the NLR ratio in order to assess treatment effectiveness in the follow-up of patients who are endoscopic H. pylori-positive and administered eradication therapy.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The Endoscopy Unit at Istanbul Medipol University Pendik Hospital evaluated 386 individuals who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, as well as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR), were compared in HP positive and negative patients. H. pylori eradication was performed on 205 HP-positive patients using a 2-week triple therapy. All patients had a complete blood count done at the same time, and NLR was computed and compared between the eradicated and non-eradicated groups. &#x0D; Results: H. pylori eradication was accomplished in 100 (48.7%) of the patients, whereas the stool antigen test was positive in 105 (51.3%) of the patients. There was a statistically significant difference in neutrophil counts (P

Giant Multinucleated Cells Are Associated with Mastocytic Inflammatory Signature Equine Asthma.

Simple SummaryLung inflammation is commonly assessed in asthmatic horses by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology. Among the cell types commonly found in equine BALF samples, macrophages are the most abundant. The clinical significance of the abnormal cytological appearance of macrophages in samples from diseased horses is largely disregarded. The present work focuses on cytological alterations observed in macrophages during a chronic inflammatory disease such as equine asthma. Our data, although limited in number, support macrophage fusion (resulting in multinucleated giant cells) as a mechanism of interest in the classification of equine asthma phenotypes, as it was significantly associated with the inflammatory signature and chronicity of the disease.Equine asthma is currently diagnosed by the presence of increased neutrophil (>5%), mast cell (>2%), and/or eosinophil (>1%) differential cell count. Macrophages are normal resident cells within the alveoli. Their presence in BALF is considered normal, but the clinical implication of the presence of activated or fused macrophages (giant multinucleated cells, GMC) is currently overlooked. We aimed to assess the prevalence, cytological determinants, and clinical significance of increased GMC counts in BALF of 34 asthmatic horses compared to 10 controls. Counts were performed on 15 randomly selected high magnification fields per cytospin slide (40×), and expressed as GMC:single macrophage (GMC:M) ratio. Regression models were used for statistical analysis. GMC was frequently observed in both asthmatic and control horses, with an increased prevalence of equine asthma (p = 0.01). GMC:M ratio was significantly higher in severe vs. mild to moderate equine asthmatic and control horses. In asthmatic horses, an increased GMC:M ratio was significantly associated with BALF mastocytosis (p = 0.01), once adjusting for age and the presence and severity of clinical signs of the horses. Tachypnea was the only clinical sign that tended to be positively associated with GMC:M ratio after adjustment (p = 0.08). In conclusion, our data suggest that a relationship might exist between molecular mechanisms regulating GMC formation and mast cell recruitment in the equine lung. The same mechanisms could lead to tachypnea even in the absence of respiratory effort at rest. We suggest including GMC count in the basic cytological assessment of BALF samples to gain more insights into their role in equine asthma.

Biochemical and haematological profiles of black Bengal goat in Mymensingh sadar of Bangladesh

The aim of the present study was to know the normal haemato- biochemical profiles of black Bengal goats in Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from Jugular vein of 20 Black Bengal goats which were divided into 5 groups (4 goats in each group) on the basis of age, sex, nutritional and feeding status. The whole blood was analyzed for hematology, plasma and serum samples for biochemical analysis. The results of the present study demonstrate the normal haemato-biochemical values of the Black Bengal goat breeds with their age specificity. Total RBC (15.15 ± 1.29 million/cumm), haemoglobin (7.04 ± 1.02 g/dl), total WBC (11.64 ± 1.12), differential leukocyte counts of neutrophils (70.89 ± 2.06%), lymphocyte (23.79 ± 1.69%), eosinophil 2.1%), basophil (2.3%), MCV (35.04 ± 0.47) and PCV (26.98 ± 1.49%). This study also reveals the normal bio-logical profile counts as total protein (69.47±2.31 g/L), Albumin (42.47 ± 2.31g/L), Globulin (27.32g/L), Phosphorus (3.46 ± 1.19), blood Urea (22.97 ± 0.58), Creatinine (0.645mg/dl), ALT (20.32U/L), ALP (91.59 U/L), GGT (37.46 U/L), IgG (18.91 ± 1.14 g/L), IgM ( 2.87 ± 0.18g/L), gA (.031 ± 0.12g/L) and IL-6 (1.69±0.15g/ml). The study found higher number of RBC (million/cumm), WBC (Thousands/cumm), and PCV% in the goats of age 3 years and above (18.02 ± 1.27, 14.72 ± 1.19, and 28 ± 3.2), respectively. Besides, Neutrophils% and total protein was found higher (76.289 ± 14.5%, 77.52 ± 8.43 g/L), respectively in the Black Bengal goats of 6 months to 1 year age. Present results stated some significant variation of parameters between goats of various ages; on the other hand, some shows no significant variation at all.&#x0D; Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(3): 329-337, December 2021

Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in the progression of sepsis to chronic critical illness in elderly patients

To explore the predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the progression of sepsis to chronic critical illness (CCI) in elderly patients. Patients with sepsis who were hospitalized more than 24 hours and older than 60 years old admitted to the department of medical intensive care unit (MICU) of General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command from August 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled. The neutrophil count (NEU), lymphocyte count (LYM) and NLR of peripheral blood cells were recorded on the 1st, 4th and 7th day after admission. Patients were divided into the CCI group and the non-CCI group according to whether they progressed to CCI, and differences between the two groups were compared. The CCI was defined as a MICU length of stay (LOS) ≥ 14 days and persistent organ dysfunction [sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 2]. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for predicting CCI. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted for evaluating the predictive value of NLR in the progression of sepsis to CCI in elderly patients. (1) Among 103 sepsis patients enrolled, 16 (15.5%) died within 2 weeks of admission to the MICU, 46 (44.7%) developed CCI, and 41 (39.8%) were non-CCI. (2) Compared between the two groups, the NEU of CCI group on day 7 was significantly higher than that of non-CCI group [×109/L: 9.80 (6.72, 16.80) vs. 6.66 (5.14, 9.29), P < 0.01], LYM was significantly lower than that of non-CCI group [×109/L: 0.77 (0.46, 1.20) vs. 1.00 (0.86, 1.48), P < 0.05], and NLR on day 4 and day 7 were significantly higher than those of non-CCI group [12.85 (6.56, 17.56) vs. 8.26 (5.34, 13.17), 13.76 (6.97, 23.66) vs. 6.14 (4.04, 8.84), both P < 0.05]. Compared with different time points in the same group, NEU and NLR decreased gradually and LYM increased gradually in non-CCI group (χ2 values were 10.216, 28.343, 7.189, respectively, all P < 0.05), which tended to be normal. There were no significant differences in NEU, LYM and NLR of CCI group at each time point (χ2 values were 0.798, 4.478, 5.783, respectively, all P > 0.05). (3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NLR on day 7 was an independent risk factor for sepsis progression to CCI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.155, P = 0.005]. (4) ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of NLR predicting the sepsis progression to CCI on day 7 was 0.775, and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.670-0.860, P < 0.01; when the cut-off value was 9.25, the sensitivity was 69.57% and the specificity was 80.56%. Dynamic monitoring of NLR is helpful to determine the progress of sepsis in elderly patients, NLR on day 7 has a certain predictive value for the occurrence of CCI.

Abundant TNF-LIGHT expression in the airways of patients with asthma with persistent airflow limitation: Association with nitrative and inflammatory profiles.

The role of the inflammatory secretory protein TNF-LIGHT (LIGHT) in the molecular mechanisms underlying persistent airflow limitation (PAL) in asthma remains unclear. We hypothesized that high airway LIGHT expression may be a feature of asthma with PAL associated with specific expression patterns of inflammatory molecules. This hypothesis was tested in 16 patients with asthma on inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Induced sputum was collected, the expression of LIGHT and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT), which reflects the footprint of reactive nitrogen species content, was measured using immunohistochemical staining, and the inflammatory molecules in the sputum supernatant were analyzed using a magnetic bead array. LIGHT staining in the cells had a significantly higher intensity in participants with PAL than in participants without PAL (47.9×104/ml vs. 5.4×104/ml; p<0.05). The array analysis indicated that IL-8, IL-19, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and osteopontin, were associated with high LIGHT immunoreactivity. The fractionation of 3-NT-positive cells was positively correlated with that of LIGHT-positive cells (r=0.57, p<0.05) and the TGF-β1 level (r=0.61, p<0.05). LIGHT- and 3-NT-positive cells showed significant positive correlation with the differential cell counts of neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils in the induced sputum. Intense immunoreactivities of LIGHT (r=-0.54, p<0.05) and 3-NT (r=-0.42, p=0.1) were negatively associated with decreased forced expiratory volume in 1/forced vital capacity ratio. The findings suggest that LIGHT is a key component in the association between airway inflammation and airflow limitation in patients with asthma, and its expression may be persistently correlated with the abundance of inflammatory cells and inflammatory and profibrogenic radical/molecules.

​Haematological and Blood Chemistry Values in Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) from Ladakh, India

Background: Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a pervasive carnivore species across most of Eurasia and parts of North Africa. The current study was aimed to evaluate baseline values for selected haematological and biochemical variables for red fox in Ladakh, India. Methods: Blood samples were collected from a female red fox with a drug combination of Xylazine and Ketamine. Selected haematological and biochemical variables were assessed for red fox in Ladakh, India. Result: The total leucocytic count was found as 6.37 10^3/uL, Differential Neutrophil count was found as 4.86 10^3/uL, absolute lymphocyte count, monocytes, eosinophil and basophils were found as 1.08 10^3/uL, 0.42 10^3/uL, 0 10^3/uL and 0.01 10^3/uL respectively. Differential count for neutrophil lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil and basophils were found as 76.1%, 17%, 6.6%, 0.1% and 0.2% respectively. Total erythrocytic count was found as 8.710^6/uL, hematocrit as 12 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume was 47.4 fL and platelet as 212 10^3/uL. Serum biochemical analysis revealed serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase/ aspartate aminotransferase as 316 U/Lt, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/alanine aminotransferase as 260 U/Lt and alkaline phosphatase as 46 U/Lt.

Hematological Findings in COVID-19 Patients at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital

INTRODUCTION&#x0D; The outbreak of 2019 novel corona virus has also affected the Nepalese population. Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the diagnostic laboratory test for confirming the diagnosis. The complete blood count (CBC) is the laboratory test routinely done in patients suffering from any type of infection. This test provides the information to physicians regarding the inflammatory process. The objective of this study was to evaluate and find out whether hematologic parameters are affected in a person suffering from Covid-19 infections.&#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS&#x0D; This is a prospective study done from 3rd December 2020 to 3rd February 2021 for a period of two months. All the confirmed patients of corona (COVID-19) with RT-PCR, between days-1 to day-15 of PCR positivity, whose hematological profile was sent to the pathology laboratory department, were studied. The hematologic parameters studied include total white blood cells count (TLC), differential white blood cell count (DLC), hemoglobin and platelet counts.&#x0D; RESULTS&#x0D; Out of one hundred (100) RT-PCR positive patients eighty (80%) were male and twenty (20%) were female. Age group of patients ranged from 27 years to 94 years. Ninety-four (94%) patients reveal leukocytosis and Ninety-six (96%) patients showed increased in differential neutrophil count. Fifty-two (52%) patients reveal anemia and platelets count was normal in seventy-eight (78%) cases.&#x0D; CONCLUSION&#x0D; Covid-19 infection causes changes in the hematological parameters. Study of these parameters provides significant clinical information.

Neutrophil Counts Help Predict Free Wall Rupture Following St-elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Free wall rupture (FWR) is a lethal complication after acute myocardial infarction; however, the un-derlying mechanisms of FWR are unclear. This study analyzes the relationship between neutrophil counts and FWR following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The case group was STEMI patients with FWR and the control group was STEMI patients without FWR (case-control ratio was 1:4). The demographic data, clinical manifestation and laboratory test results were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Of a total of 6,712 consecutive STEMI patients, 78 patients (1.2%) had FWR. Compared with STEMI patients, patients with FWR were older and more likely to be female with an anterior infarct. White blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly higher in the FWR group. Moreover, we found that the elevated neutrophil counts mainly accounted for the elevated WBC counts. There was also a correlation between the age and neu-trophil counts (P=0.0109); as patient age increased, neutrophil counts decreased (P=0.0387). We also found no correlation between neutrophil counts and the time between myocardial infarction attack and FWR; however, when dividing these patients into FWR ≤48 h after admission to hospital for STEMI and FWR >48 h, there was a significant difference in neutrophil counts (P=0.0196). Furthermore, the results of logistic regression analy-sis showed that increased neutrophil was an independent risk factor for FWR (odds ratio: 2.404, confidence interval: 1.055-5.477). Elevated neutrophil counts were found to be the main cause of differences in WBC counts be-tween FWR and STEMI. Elevated neutrophil was an independent risk factor for FWR. This study provided clues for further research and development of therapeutics for the prevention of FWR.

Mature and Immature/Activated Cells Fractionation: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Differential Leucocyte Count Reporting?

Leucocytes, especially neutrophils featuring pro- and anti-cancerous characteristics, are involved in nearly every stage of tumorigenesis. Phenotypic and functional differences among mature and immature neutrophil fractions are well reported, and their correlation with tumor progression and therapy has emerging implications in modern oncology practices. Technological advancements enabled modern hematology analyzers to generate extended information (research parameters) during complete blood cell count (CBC) analysis. We hypothesized that neutrophil and lymphocyte fractions-related extended differential leucocytes count (DLC) parameters hold superior diagnostic utility over routine modalities. The present study was carried out over a four-and-a-half-year period wherein extended neutrophil (immature granulocyte [IG] and mature neutrophil [NEUT#&]), and lymphocyte (activated/high fluorescence lymphocyte count [HFLC] and resting lymphocyte [LYMP#&]) parameters were challenged over routine neutrophil [NEUT#] and lymphocyte [LYMP#] items in a study population of 1067 hematological neoplasm patients. Extending the classical statistical approaches, machine-learning-backed data visualization was used to explore trends in the study parameters. As a whole, extended neutrophil and lymphocyte count outperformed and was diagnostically more relevant than routine neutrophil and lymphocyte parameters by showing the least difference from their respective (gold-standard) manual DLC counts. The mature neutrophil count was compared to IG, and resting lymphocyte count was compared to HFLC by calling the function ‘correlation’ as a ‘clustering function’ for heatmap based visualization. The aforementioned study parameters displayed close clustering (rearrangement) for their respective study items by presenting distinct trends of equally valuable weights (deviated values), advocating fractions-based extended DLC reporting. Importantly, using a Bland and Altman analysis analogously to a manual neutrophil count, the mature neutrophil count [NEUT#&] remained unbiased since a routine neutrophil count [NEUT#] was found to be a negatively biased. The extended DLC-parameter-driven fractions-based reporting has superior diagnostic utility over classical routine approaches; this finding can largely minimize labor-intensive manual DLC practices, especially in hematology–oncology departments.