Different Types Of Waste Research Articles

Waste management by application of quality control tools in the manufacturing industry – a case study

Waste management (WM) is a multi-disciplinary activity involving engineering principles, economics, urban and regional planning, management techniques and social sciences, to minimise the different types of wastes in the processes in the manufacturing industry. This study attempts to improve the performance of magnetic particle inspection machines, remove fire hazardous and reduce the use of kerosene oil using application of root cause analysis through quality control tools in manufacturing Industry. With implementation of tools modified action resources are improved which leads to continuous improvement in productivity and product quality in the organisation.

Turning trash into an asset: a case study of prince sultan university campus waste

Concrete is one of the key material used in the construction industry. Concrete is used as a compressive material and it is also reinforced by rebar’s to improve its tensile strength. Due to rapid urbanization concrete use is getting huge demand and it became a major business industry. Whereas, it also utilizes natural resources to the same hasty level. Therefore, this paper utilizes waste tissues of a university as an aggregate replacer. The different test was performed in a green and hardened state. It is observed that the new concrete is good in workability and it has normal temperature but it is not good at resisting higher compressive loads. Similarly, the waste material collected after the tests and utilized in making a commercial product. This paper aims to save the environment by utilizing different types of waste in making useful items to save resources.

Waste management by application of quality control tools in the manufacturing industry – a case study

Waste management (WM) is a multi-disciplinary activity involving engineering principles, economics, urban and regional planning, management techniques and social sciences, to minimise the different types of wastes in the processes in the manufacturing industry. This study attempts to improve the performance of magnetic particle inspection machines, remove fire hazardous and reduce the use of kerosene oil using application of root cause analysis through quality control tools in manufacturing Industry. With implementation of tools modified action resources are improved which leads to continuous improvement in productivity and product quality in the organisation.

Processing of agricultural waste in the Penza region

AnnotationIn this work we considered the impact of uncontrolled waste of the agricultural sector on the biosphere. We estimated assessment of the energy potential of the Penza region and its technologically utilization. We compared the obtained data with the volumes of energy supplies. We carried out the analysis of existing technologies of processing and utilization of agricultural waste. In this work we studied the influence of various operational factors on the efficiency of processing different types of waste and the utilization of the resulting fuel. We issued recommendations for the introduction of new technologies and effective utilization.

Waste Co-Combustion with a Conventional Fossil Fuel on Power Plants

The paper has to shed light into understanding the waste useful and it has an aim to review about possibilities how to using different types of waste to generate energy. The paper highlighted the terms, that renewables it isn’t energy of the future but waste is – at least the future for the next hundred years. It’s very important to use waste by the right way, because of some current methods waste using have a low efficiency. There are several ways of using waste with pretreatment. Nowadays pretreatment includes torrefaction, pelletization, torrefaction of pellets (TOP) and wide spread around the world. It is necessary to compare economic indicators when you want to using some scenario. Using of waste can help us to reduce the pollutions and decrease load to an ambient. There are some advantages to using organic waste to generate energy – it can be considered as a fuel. But it also consists some negatives aspects such as low efficiency due to low thermal values (i.e. specific thermal capacity). Hence, waste using not so unequivocally as it seems at first sight. Thus, here is our understanding for this problem.

Перспективи розвитку ринку біогазу в Україні та за кордоном.

The energy supply of the population and the global environmental issues are forcing countries to come up with new alternative methods of energy production. Taking into account almost infinite raw materials, the methods of biogas production and processing are becoming more and more relevant for many countries. Favorable changes in the legislation is another factor that encourage investors to set up biogas plants.The main method of solving the problem is the introduction of efficient waste management to gain a positive economic and environmental impact of biogas production.The aim of the work is to improve the methods of waste recycling by extracting biogas with further generation of energy in terms of improving the environmental situation.The scientific article elaborates a system for evaluating the efficiency of implementation of biogas plants at the regional level. The process of formation and management of different types of waste that can be used as biogas feedstock in Ukraine are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of using biogas technologies were evaluated.A comparison of the European and domestic biogas markets is made.The economic effect from the construction and exploitation of the biogas plant within the energy cooperative on the territory of the Kremenchug district of Poltava region is estimated.

WASTE SEGREGATION AWARENESS AND PRACTICES OF JANITORIAL SERVICES IN ATERTIARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: INFLUENCING THE INSTITUTIONS DRIVE TO SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS

Janitorial services and works are one of the key units of an institution directly contributing to the institution’s vision towards a sustainable campus. Their knowledge on what they do and how they practice their work is very crucial in the waste management strategies presently implemented by the institution themselves. This study assessed the level of awareness of the High--Performance Maintenance (Hi--Per) personnel of Far Eastern University-- Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation on the different types of waste, policies and legal aspects regarding waste segregation. A descriptive-- evaluative research design was used in this study using a total of 62 Hi--Per personnel. The findings showed that most of the respondents possess a high level of awareness in terms of the different types of wastes as well as the policies and legal aspects of waste segregation. A significantly high correlation was obtained with respect to their awareness and waste segregation practices. The relevant issues and challenges in waste segregation is being addressed by the institution’s waste management schemes which is an indication of a waste management system being implemented efficiently in the university particularly by the janitorial services collaborated by all units and departments, reverberating good governance, wellness, materials recovery and conservation, which can be interpreted to efficient investment.

THE USE OF WASTE MINERAL WOOL IN THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC WALL MATERIALS

The environmental situation in Russia is characterized by a high level of anthropogenic impact on the environment, significant environmental consequences of past economic activity. Their disposal and storage costs 8-10 % of the cost of products, so the disposal of such waste is of paramount importance.Due to the involvement of multi-tonnage waste in the production of ceramic materials of mass consumption, which include wall materials, it is possible to radically change the parameters of the raw material base of Russia, which also helps to reduce environmental tensions in the regions. The reduction of reserves of traditional natural raw materials makes us look for new ways to replace it with different types of waste. The experience of advanced foreign countries has shown the technical feasibility of this area and the use of more as a tool to protect the environment from pollution. However, almost all basic building materials can be made from waste or from waste in combination with natural raw materials. On the basis of fusible clay and waste basalt-gabbro-norite charge, which is formed in the production of mineral wool obtained ceramic brick with high physical and mechanical properties, brick grade M150 and above. The absolute advantage of the use of multi-tonnage waste is the unloading of the environmental situation, which contributes to the solution of industrial waste disposal and environmental protection. Innovative proposals for the use of waste from the production of mineral wool in the production of wall materials - ceramic bricks based on fusible clay, the novelty of which is confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation.

Integrated approach to quality indices and health risk assessment of water in the Bahr Yusuf Canal, Fayoum, Egypt

Abstract The Bahr Yusuf Canal is the life artery of the Fayoum Province, which provides the province with two thirds of the freshwater quota from the Nile River. The present work was carried out to assess the suitability of water in the Bahr Yusuf Canal for various purposes and to assess the potential health risk associated with metal content. The results showed that the water quality of Bahr Yusuf was classified as poor and very poor for recreational use according to the Oregon WQI. On the other hand, the Aquatic Toxicity Index indicated the suitability of water for all fish species. The Canadian WQI and the Weighted Arithmetic WQI classified the canal water as good (WQI = 92), fair (WQI = 73) & marginal (WQI = 64) and excellent, poor to good & good to excellent for irrigation, drinking and aquatic life, respectively. Despite the significant contamination of water with heavy metals (as indicated by the Heavy Pollution Index, ranging from 104.44 to 206.32, from 16.81 to 38.48 and from 219.07 to 472.24 μg l−1), the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and the Hazard Index (HI) data indicate that water of Bahr Yusuf does not pose a human health risk through ingestion or dermal contact. In general, the study showed that water in the Bahr Yusuf Canal is characterized by different levels of pollution, which requires rapid and critical intervention by responsible authorities to prevent the discharge of different types of waste and further deterioration of the water quality during the lifetime of the channel and its subsequent rehabilitation.

Where does this waste go?

Possessing the relevant knowledge on effective waste disposal to keep you, your employees and your patients safe, while also minimising your clinic's impact on the environment is important. Rebecca Waters outlines the Department of Health and Care's colour code for best practice waste management that aims to make the different types of waste and their disposal methods clear

Evaluating soil quality at a landfill: a study case from morocco (tangier)

In recent decades, landfill sites have been a potential source of contamination, which can hurt the environment due to the accumulation of heavy metals and processed organic products. In the Tangier landfill, the different types of wastes are missing any prior treatment or any soil of protection. This behavior constitutes a risk factor of contamination for the soil and groundwater. Between the waste and soil, many physicochemical and biological reactions occur. The objective of this work effort is to derive a global and in-depth characterization of the organic and mineral matter of the soil samples from the Tangier landfill. The study of organic matter (OM) in soils helps to understand the evolution of soil contamination. Eight samples of soil have been studied using a range of chemical and physical analytical methods. FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses have used to investigate the nature of organic matter. The analysis of heavy metals in the soil showed that there is a significant presence of Pb, Cd, As, Cr and Zn quantities which are mainly due to industrial waste.

An empirical study on waste generation rates at different stages of construction projects in China

Estimation of construction waste generation is critical to construction waste management decisions. However, current construction waste estimation methods have various limitations (e.g. small samples). To address those limitations, this research conducts an empirical study to evaluate the waste generation rate of different types of waste at different construction stages. In this study, construction waste from 148 new-built residential construction sites in China were sorted and weighted on site and their waste generation rates were estimated separately. The results indicated that the amount of inorganic nonmetallic waste with a generation rate of 16.59 kg m-2 was the highest among the five types of waste (i.e. inorganic nonmetallic waste, organic waste, metallic waste, composite waste, hazardous waste), while the waste generation rate for the underground construction stage, which was 27.57 kg m-2, was the highest among the three stages (i.e. underground stage, superstructure stage, finishing stage). Compared with previous data, the new waste generation rate proposed in this research can better estimate the actual waste generation situation in construction sites, which provides reliable information for proper decision-making. Furthermore, based on the result of the empirical study, some recommendations for construction waste reduction are proposed.

Performance Index of Frugal Manufacturing System

Frugal excellence is a coordinated response to today’s highly competitive environment. Frugal manufacturing philosophy asks for elimination of waste hidden in the manufacturing system by eliminating non value adding activities. Frugal manufacturing is a very successful strategy and can be applied to all type of organizations i.e. manufacturing or service organization etc. In this paper after giving a brief idea about frugal philosophy, different types of wastes, causes of wastes, a designed questionnaire for self test has been given along with evaluation criteria to identify the weakness and strength of an industry for successful implementation of frugal manufacturing strategy. It also gives a methodology for evaluation and improvement of performance index using the principle of continuous improvement. A case study of wastes elimination by computation of Frugal Manufacturing Index (FMI) has been discussed. Results obtained are quite encouraging. Idea presented in the paper will be useful for those who want to implement frugal manufacturing index in their organization.

Strength and leachability of geopolymers with the addition of municipal solid waste ashes

The paper presents the results of the study concerning the possibility of immobilization of secondary waste from municipal waste incineration plants in geopolymers. The study was conducted for 2 different sources of ash from Poland and Lithuania. Three different types of waste were tested. Geopolymers were made with 70% added waste from incineration plants. The samples were made in many variants: geopolymers were made on the basis of fly ash and metakoline and waste was added untreated and after washing with water in a ratio of 1:5 (solid/liquid). Compressive strength and water leaching tests were carried out. As a result of the study, geopolymers as a material for immobilization of secondary waste from waste incineration plants were found to be useful. Water leaching tests proved that all the tested wastes stabilized in geopolymers are characterized by very low leachability values of metals suchas: copper, zinc, lead, etc.

Concentration of Flavanols in Red and White Winemaking Wastes (Grape Skins, Seeds and Bunch Stems), Musts, and Final Wines

The winemaking industry produces huge quantities of different types of waste, such as bunch stems, grape skins and grape seeds. Knowledge of the composition of these wastes is essential if their disposal is to be appropriate. However, they can contain compounds such as flavanols that are beneficial to human health and of interest to the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The aim of this work was to establish whether flavanols are present, and in what concentration, in the above-mentioned wastes, as well as in the musts and final wines derived from the internationally known ‘Albarino’ (white) and ‘Mencia’ (red) grapevine varieties. Extractions were performed using appropriate solvents, and the compounds obtained identified by HPLC-MS QTOF. All three ‘Albarino’ wastes had higher concentrations of flavanols than did the ‘Mencia’ wastes. Flavanols were in very low concentration in the ‘Albarino’ must, but virtually absent from the ‘Mencia’ must. The ‘Mencia’ wine, however, had much higher concentrations of these compounds than did the ‘Albarino’ wine. This is explained in that these compounds are passed to the final wine in ‘Mencia’ (and likely in other red wines). The present results suggest that red winemaking wastes are poorer in these compounds, while white winemaking wastes—certainly ‘Albarino’ wastes—provide a potential source useful to industry.

WASTE RECYCLING ENERGY AND NON-FERROUS METALS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC BRICKS CONTRIBUTES TO THE ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF THE BIOSPHERE

Environmental security is currently one of the main components of the national security of the Russian Federation and includes not only control over the state of the environment, but also the implementation of measures to prevent the occurrence of environmental crises and disasters. The reduction of reserves of tradi-tional natural raw materials makes us look for new ways to replace it with different types of waste. The expe-rience of advanced foreign countries has shown the technical feasibility of this area and the use of more as a tool to protect the environment from pollution. However, almost all basic building materials can be made from waste or from waste in combination with natural raw materials. Due to the involvement of multi-tonnage waste in the production of ceramic materials of mass consumption, which include ceramic bricks, it is possi-ble to radically change the parameters of the raw material base of Russia, which also helps to reduce envi-ronmental tensions in the regions. Production of ceramic bricks  one of the most material-intensive sectors of the economy, so the rational use of fuel, raw materials and other material resources is a decisive factor in its successful development in the context of economic reform. In this regard, the use of waste in ceramic mate-rials is of particular relevance. On the basis of beidellite clay, waste: energy ─ ash and slag material and non-ferrous metallurgy ─ sludge Nickel-skeletal catalyst obtained ceramic brick with high physical and mechanical properties. Innova-tive proposals for the use of waste from the production of mineral wool in the production of wall materials – ceramic bricks based on fusible clay, the novelty of which is confirmed by a patent of the Russian Federation.

Assessment of Various Agitation Speeds for Co Digestion Process

In the present day context of environmental pollution, the continuous generation of organic wastes and its improper management has been playing a vital role. Current global Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) generation levels are approximately 1.3 billion tonnes per year and are expected to increase to approximately 2.2 billion tonnes per year by 2025. These wastes have to be properly treated and should be safely disposed. Among the various processing technologies, the anaerobic digestion technology in the form of Co digestion process is the most valuable approach in the waste management sector as it provides a bio fuel and organic rich manure to the society. It requires a good operation technique like mixing in order to maintain the stability of the digester for biogas production. An attempt has been made by utilizing different types of wastes in a lab scale reactor for co digestion process with mixing technique. Kitchen wastes, Poultry Litter and slaughterhouse wastes were used as substrates and fresh cow dung as inoculum. Three Organic Loading rates of 2.5 g VS l/day, 2.68 g VS l/day and 2.83g VS l/day were taken with the hydraulic retention time of 35 days. The mixing was performed through the mixer at various speeds of 30 rpm, 45 rpm, 60rpm and 100 rpm during the co digestion process. When compared to other agitation speeds like 30rpm, 60 rpm and 100rpm, 45 rpm agitation speed performed its digestion upto 80th day with the minimum gas production of 0.1 l/day. The stability of the digester also maintained well with the VFA/Alkalinity ratio of 0.17 on the day of maximum yield and 0.12 at the end of digestion period. The percentage of Total Solids reduction and Volatile solids reduction for 45rpm agitation speed was 51.04% and 55.49% respectively. Hence, the agitation speed of 45rpm had been chosen as the optimum speed for lab scale co digestion process.

New waste‐based clinkers for the preparation of low‐energy cements. A step forward toward circular economy

AbstractThis paper describes the use of industrial wastes arising from different production processes of the ceramic and marble industries as raw materials for the design and formulation of new cement clinkers with a high content of dicalcium silicate (Belite). The aim was to reintroduce these wastes in the industrial sector and take advantage of them for a greater environmental benefit, as indicated by the principles of the circular economy. Formulations containing 2.5, 5 and 10 wt% of chamotte and marble sludge, respectively, and a waste‐free formulation have been designed to obtain clinkers with a content of dicalcium silicate higher than 60 wt%. The different blends have been studied up to a maximum temperature of 1390°C by Thermal Analysis. Other techniques such as XRD, XRF, Modified Bogue Equation, Quality Indexes (LSF, AM, SM) and Optical Microscopy have been used for the study and characterization of industrial wastes, the raw materials and the high belite‐type cement dosages. The results indicate that this type of cements can be designed using different types of wastes and in this way reduce the environmental impacts caused by the extraction of raw materials and the deposition of the wastes in landfills, improving the circular economy of the construction industry.

Next-generation sequencing and waste/wastewater treatment: a comprehensive overview

Microorganisms are responsible for the conversion and breakdown of organic compounds and contaminants in bioreactors designed for the treatment of different types of waste. Organized in highly complex communities, they are the heart of every wastewater treatment plant and solid residue landfill. The detailed characterization of these communities and their taxonomic classification based on phylogenetic data are of great utility in monitoring the responses of the system to changing operational parameters and the development and optimization of favorable conditions within the bioreactors these communities inhabit. Until recently, only a fraction of the microbial diversity could be assessed, limited by the available sequencing technology, which was not suited for a high-throughput implementation. With the introduction of the recent next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods, an enormous advance has taken place allowing researchers in microbial ecology to generate large amounts of phylogenetic data in a short time and at relatively low costs. In this review, we present and discuss how the increase in available information has influenced recent research and the results available phylogenetic data has produced in the field of wastewater treatment. Furthermore, we introduce the data processing of NGS-based experiments, which has become more complex as the millions of sequences that a single sample can yield require the effective use of computational resources and human bioinformatics skills. To address this part of modern microbial ecology, the most popular sequencing techniques, as well as data analysis workflows, are outlined in this review article.

Use of the Rmocol Waste in Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Different types of wastes generated in today’s world causes great harm to environment, resulting mainly in air, water and soil pollution. In civil engineering concrete plays a vital role in construction purposes. Keeping in mind the effects of global warming and air pollution Thermocol which when treated as a waste creates a lot of trouble when it is burned releases poisonous gases causing respiratory problems causing to death. Thermocol when buried makes the soil infertile and thus cause great harm to environment hence reducing the crop production. Thermocol is a pre expanded closed cell foam of polystyrene beats. It gives non-hydroscopic odorless rigid closed cell. So we can combined it with concrete to make a fiber reinforced concrete and it can be mixed easily because of its property of light weight and dimensional stability. This concrete can offers thermal resisting property as taken from Thermocol which can be used in ceilings and walls and also due to sound proof nature it can be used in sound proof structures. This fiber reinforced concrete offers improve tensile strength and energy absorbing properties in addition with improved impact strength and fatigue strength which in uncommon in normal concrete.