Different Types Of Visitors Research Articles

Can Glamping be a Vacation to Help Dink Couples Relax and Maintain Close Relationships?

Glamping brings a glamorous tourism experience providing potential opportunities to escape from daily routines and maintain relationships during difficult/special times, such as the pandemic with travel restrictions or postpandemic travel concerns. It is innovative to explore the unique group of DINK (dual income, no kids) couples using glamping as context. This study examines the variations in closeness among DINK couples based on four individual attachment styles (i.e., secure, anxious, dismissive, fearful), and explores the relationships between closeness and subjective well-being. A pilot test with 118 valid responses was adopted to ensure the validity of items and feasibility of the study design. Utilizing attachment theory with four attachment styles, the main study analyzed 940 valid responses using confirmatory factory analysis, ANOVA, and multigroup path analysis. This study highlights that people with a secure attachment style have a significantly 1) higher level of closeness with their partner and 2) stronger relationship between closeness and subjective well-being compared to the other three attachment styles (i.e., anxious, dismissive, and fearful). The results suggest that glamping providers could improve glamping environments to be peaceful and comfortable to attract potential glampers who have higher anxiety (i.e., anxious and fearful attachment styles). Further, the results indicate that glamping could serve as a setting for couples??? therapy and to celebrate special events to enhance close relationships. These promoting/marketing strategies can benefit small glamping businesses develop their products and potentially draw different types of visitors.

Social Media as a Lens for Citizen Science: Investigating Visitor Contributions in a Forest Recreational Area

The primary challenge in collecting biodiversity information using citizen science is to encourage a diverse range of people to participate. This is crucial in fostering a Nature Positive society. Social media approaches have the potential to engage not only nature lovers but also a wider range of citizens, including those indifferent to nature. However, current understanding of the traits of individuals who contribute to widely prevalent social media platforms is limited and insufficient. This study focuses on individuals who contribute to a forest recreational area and the photos they share on a popular social media platform; it sheds light on the untapped potential of social media as a source of citizen science data and contributor sources. We developed a taxonomy of 22 classifications for 1066 photographs that illustrate human–ecosystem interactions and identified the relationship between these subjects and the history of social media activities of the 136 photo contributors. Our findings indicate that different behavioral styles exist among different types of visitors regarding their posting behavior and associated forest recreation types. This can encourage future contributions to the recruitment of citizen scientists and the collection of biodiversity information at small spatial scales.

When are they coming? Understanding and forecasting the timeline of arrivals at the FC Barcelona stadium on match days

Futbol Club Barcelona operates the largest stadium in Europe (with a seating capacity of almost one hundred thousand people) and manages recurring sports events. These are influenced by multiple conditions (time and day of the week, weather, adversary) and affect city dynamics—e.g., peak demand for related services like public transport and stores. We study fine grain audience entrances at the stadium segregated by visitor type and gate to gain insights and predict the arrival behavior of future games, with a direct impact on the organizational performance and productivity of the business. We can forecast the timeline of arrivals at gate level 72 h prior to kickoff, facilitating operational and organizational decision-making by anticipating potential agglomerations and audience behavior. Furthermore, we can identify patterns for different types of visitors and understand how relevant factors affect them. These findings directly impact commercial and business interests and can alter operational logistics, venue management, and safety.

Study of Space Layout of Museum; A Case of International Mountain Museum at Pokhara, Nepal

Currently, the museum is one of the learning and pass time activities space for the public. A good layout of a museum can bring a wonderful visiting experience to the visitors. Overall, museums play an important role in preserving a town's cultural heritage, providing educational opportunities, attracting tourism, and promoting community engagement. Effective space distribution in a museum is critical for creating an engaging and informative experience for visitors. By carefully considering the needs and interests of different types of visitors, museums can create spaces that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing. But there are very few designed museums in Pokhara, one of the growing cities of Nepal. Also, it is one of the tourist attracting places in Nepal. This paper explains the spatial layout of one of the designed museums of Pokhara. For this purpose, a well-known International Mountain Museum is taken as a case area by using observation and questionnaire survey methods. This museum displays a wide range of exhibits related to the Himalayan mountains, mountaineering, and the culture of the people who call the region home. In addition to the mountaineering exhibits, the museum also features displays of the history, culture, geology, flora, and fauna of the Himalayas. Overall, space distribution in a museum is designed to facilitate the flow of visitors through the space, while also highlighting the key messages and themes of the exhibits.

인터랙티브 요소가 뮤지엄의 관람객 유치에 미치는 영향

With the growing application of interactive elements in the cultural and artistic field, researchers have begun to pay attention to how these elements are impacting the production, distribution, and consumption stages with a focus on their role in museums. Our study examines how the introduction of these elements in these institutions, which play a crucial role in the culture and arts ecosystem. We collected data from 1,563 museums from around the world through an online platform called Tripadvisor, using a web crawling method. We used regression analysis models to examine the effect of interactive elements, such as audio guides, on attracting visitors to museums. We also analyzed the data to find out its impact on different types of visitors, like families, couples, friends, and individuals. The results of our study show that museums with interactive elements are more popular among family visitors. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of interactive elements on the cultural and artistic field by complementing findings of qualitative research, which has to date prevailed research on this topic.

Ubiquitous Love or Not? Animal Welfare and Animal-Informed Consent in Giant Panda Tourism

Scholars argue that the ubiquity of the "virtual panda"-the panda people meet in zoos and consume as souvenirs, online memes, or videos-exists in a state of hybridity between wild and domesticated. The species has garnered a significant amount of attention because of their iconic status and because of how cute they are to an adoring crowd. However, given the degree of regard tourists have for the panda, there is a dearth of research on different types of visitors to captive panda venues. In filling this gap, we investigated (1) how deeply Chinese "fans" and "non-fans" consider the welfare of captive giant pandas, and (2) if these groups differ in their assessment of whether giant pandas consent to being used as tourist attractions. In both aims, we apply a recent model on animal welfare and animal consent to giant pandas of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.

Exploring the motivation-based typology of religious tourists: A study of Welcome Royal Lord Festival

Religious tourism plays an important part in the history of tourism development. People visit religious sites with different motivations. Previous studies have examined different experiences of tourists from pilgrims to secular tourists and this pilgrim-tourist debate is built upon a specifically eurocentric construction of the pilgrim. Limited studies have examined the religious tourist typology in polytheistic society. To address this issue, this study explored the rites of the Welcome Royal Lord Festival in the town of Donggang, Taiwan as the research context. The findings support the proposition that different types of visitors, who are predominantly pilgrims and secular tourists exist. Significantly, the study revealed four distinct tourist groups in a polytheistic context; namely, “Sacred Pilgrims,” “Believers,” “Experience Companion” and “Secular Polytheists.” In addition, these four types of tourists have differences in terms of satisfaction, participation behaviors, perception of cultural authenticity, and sacred place attachment. Conflicts between tourism development and religious sustainability may occur among different types of tourists. The findings may have a significant value for event management as it offers a reference for seeking to sustain religious culture and develop tourism attraction in a destination. • Different visitors, mostly pilgrims and secular tourists exist in the Welcome Royal Lord Festival. • Four types of participants were identified: Sacred Pilgrims, Believers, Experience Companion, and Secular Polytheists. • These vary in satisfaction, participation behaviors, perception of cultural authenticity, and sacred place attachment. • Religious tourists may have different degrees of satisfaction because of the extent of different tourism motives. • Conflicts between tourism development and religious sustainability may occur among different types of tourists.

Climate Change and Nature-Based Tourism: How Do Different Types of Visitors Respond?

ABSTRACT Climate change will impact nature-based tourism communities by altering weather patterns and influencing the supply of outdoor recreation resources. Visitors to these such destinations respond through recreation substitution, altering when, where, and how they participate in outdoor pursuits. Understanding predictors of recreation substitution is important for destinations considering how to best adapt to climate change. Using visitor-intercept data (n = 1,398) we explored different visitor segments' intent to utilize recreation substitution in response to changing environmental conditions. Visitor segments characterized by low trip anticipation or a long travel distance were most likely to cancel their trips or travel elsewhere in pursuit of ideal recreation conditions. Spatial substitution was lower among visitors with higher degrees of destination loyalty, highlighting the value of communication strategies that foster connections to place. Targeted marketing to retain visitor segments likely to cancel trips, may minimize negative impacts of climate change on travel behavior.

Arts Festival Offerings: What Do Market Segments Prefer? Evidence from a South African National Arts Festival

This research assesses visitors' push and pull motives for attending the Innibos National Arts Festival in South Africa. The results show that segmenting visitors on the basis of their motives is a useful market segmentation tool, as it produces a clear and direct profile and understanding of different types of visitors and their preferences as regards festival offerings. The study is the first to identify the stalls visitors preferred at the festival. It shows that, when managed correctly, stalls selling arts and crafts, food and drinks, and so on, enhance the overall festival experience. The study consequently proposes a typology of arts festival visitors to Innibos (Curious wanderers, Loyalists, and Socialites) that may be applicable to other arts festival markets. The results of this research can be used by Innibos and other festivals to better cater to the needs of the market.

Requirements for future digital visitor flow management

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine visitor management in the German-Swiss border area of the Lake Constance region. Taking a customer perspective, it determines the requirements for an application with the ability to optimize personal mobility. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative study and a survey of focus groups were conducted to identify movement patterns of different types of visitors and their requirements concerning the development of a visitor management application. Findings Visitors want an application that provides real-time forecasts of issues such as traffic, parking and queues and, at the same time, enables them to create a personal activity schedule based on this information. Research limitations/implications Not every subsample reached a sufficient number of cases to yield representative results. Practical implications The results may lead to an optimization and management separation of mobility flows in the research area and be helpful to municipal planners, destination marketing organizations and visitors. Originality/value The German border cities of Konstanz, Radolfzell and Singen in the Lake Constance region need improved visitor management, mainly because of a high level of shopping tourism by Swiss visitors to Germany. In the Summer months, Lake Constance is also a popular destination for leisure tourists, which causes overtourism. For the first time, the results of this research presented here offer possible solutions, in particular by showing how a mobile application for visitors could defuse the situation.

Satisfying visitors’ needs: What to resort to

Background: Over centuries resorts across the world have played a pivotal role in tourism and can even be seen as the backbone of tourism as we know and comprehend it today. South Africa is no different, and the country has numerous resorts attracting thousands of visitors annually. Hence, there is strong competition among the different resorts. Objectives: Based on the above, this research aimed to obtain an understanding of the resort travel market in South Africa by investigating if different resorts attract different types of visitors. Method: This is an under-researched topic, yet the wide variety of resorts provides ample opportunities for investigation. This article identifies four important travel motives of resort visitors and provides insight into the importance of resort amenities by outlining five essential resort attributes. Results: This article finds that different resorts attract different markets, which influences the marketing and management opportunities of each resort. Conclusion: From the results, viable marketing and management recommendations are provided.

Northern European patterns of visiting Rome, 1400–1850

ABSTRACTThe city of Rome was probably Europe’s most popular destination city well into the modern era, but due to the presence of deadly endemic malaria, such visits were a risky proposition for unacclimated Northern Europeans. Consequently, Northern Europeans were advised to minimise this risk by avoiding Rome during the dangerous malaria season, which was usually defined as peaking July through September. However, as this paper will show, different types of visitors to Rome did not follow this advice equally. Overall, Protestants were somewhat less likely to be in Rome than Catholics during the summer season, as were women, whose seasonal visitation pattern to Rome was markedly more seasonal than that of the men. The biggest difference, however, was between pre-1750 and post-1750 visitors to Rome. Travellers to Rome in the earlier period were over twice as likely to visit during the dangerous summer season, and thus expose themselves to Rome’s deadly P. falciparum infections, than were travellers to Rome in the century after 1750.

A User-centric Approach to Optimize Visitor’s Experience in Exhibition Spaces Using Parametric Spatial Analysis

Being the main user of any architectural product, the user's role in the designing process should be significant, especially in complex spatial spaces such as hospitals, museums, offices, and public-use buildings. This gives the users meta- roles such as communicators, performers, and interpreters. User-Centered Design (UCD) tries to optimize the fit of the spaces with how users can, want to, and need to use in these spaces, rather than forcing the users to change their behavior to accommodate the architectural spaces or designing dysfunctional spaces. Such spaces were designed neglecting the human factor and only using building regulations. The visitor’s parameters, profiles, spatial experiences, and the architectural configuration are what can affect the experience in architectural spaces. This paper explores a different UCD (user-centered design) approach in the evaluation of the built environment which is the parametric spatial analysis approach. The approach studies the spatial pattern of human behavior of a random selection of users, so it could represent any potential users in the buildings. Aiming to intensively engage users in the design process, the approach uses parametric spatial design in analyzing the visitor's behavior and deducing some design patterns and configurations that focus on different ways of user's engagement. This approach compares the definition of users, their roles, and the type of space envisioned and produced as well. This paper describes an approach that attempts to bridge the gap between parametric geometry modeling and methods for measuring the spatial properties of this geometry. In exhibition spaces with their different spatiality, visitors tend to have some indicators which can be measured. Accordingly, designers create functional spaces that suit the different types of visitors using parametric components that study the collective human behavior (organizational behavior). These functional spaces are designed through observation, user surveys, and interviews to simplify the complexity of decisions regarding the design process and visitor’s parameters, and to embed them into an algorithm that can solve the complexity of the visitor’s parameters. Analyzing visitors’ behavior and the spatial morphology improves the visiting experience and provides better interpretations. The analysis makes the designers aware of visitors’ circulation, visiting styles, behavior, patterns, tendencies, and trends within a wide diversity of spaces. Moreover, this analysis can be combined into an evolutionary algorithm to help solve problems.

Evolution of Tourism in Natural Destinations and Dynamic Sustainable Thresholds over Time

Tourism is a complex industry involving numerous types of activities that can have adverse environmental impacts and, over time, gradually change the way tourists experience tourist destinations and their choice of particular tourist destinations. The overall aim of this study is to examine the impact of tourism destination exploitation upon the perceived attractiveness of a particular destination to different types of visitors using the Purism Scale coupled to the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC). The study uses the system dynamics Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) approach, to analyse feedback loop behaviour and causal loop impacts over time. The results show that the different visitors’ types, as defined by the Purist Scale, affect the attractiveness of the tourist destination in different ways over time. The results further show that different visitors’ types cannot exist at their own optimum level at the same time in a destination. The concept tourism carrying capacity should thus be defined through the maximum site attractiveness,-based upon the optimum size of infrastructure that ensures low visual effect, low crowding effect, and low environmental impact. This enables better understanding of the different evolution phases of the tourist site during its push for infrastructure development.

An exploratory investigation towards a visitor motivational profile at a provincial nature reserve in Gauteng

This study strives to address the needs of a Gauteng provincial nature reserve in order to develop a greater understanding of the visitors’ profile to this reserve in terms of demographics and motivations for visitation. Understanding the motivations for different types of visitors is vital for reserve management to adequately satisfy the visitors’ needs. An exploratory factor analysis was used to identify visitor segment profiles based on their motivations for visiting the reserve. The factor analysis revealed six motivation factors. These segments included relaxation and escape; nostalgia and history; personal benefits; wildlife and geographical features; convenience and part of lifestyle; and participating in an event. The study, furthermore, identified, for the first time at a South African provincial nature reserve, a new motivator factor: participating in an event. The results show that segmentation by motivation is a useful research tool for identifying what motivates visitors to travel. Understanding the differences within these segments will help management offer satisfying innovative activities and services to visitors. Recommendations for management include providing opportunities for nature enthusiasts by enhancing awareness creation of the fauna and flora present in the reserve as well as providing opportunities for relaxation and escape through the introduction of recreational facilities such as wellness programmes. Improved amenities are required such as refreshments, curios retail and overnight accommodation. The reserve appeals widely to mountain bikers; thus, marketing efforts should be directed towards this group.

From Drab to Fab: Segmenting Visitors to a Décor and Design Exhibition Based on Their Behavioral Intentions

This exploratory research determined the behavioral intentions (renovation and landscaping, interior decoration, knowledge seeking, revamping and online activity) of visitors after attending a décor, design, and lifestyle exhibition in South Africa. The results demonstrated that segmenting visitors based on their behavioral intentions after attending an exhibition is a useful market segmentation tool, as it gives a clear and direct profile and understanding of different types of visitors and their preferences, especially regarding postexhibition behavioral intentions. The study consequently proposes a typology of visitors (Pinteresters, Renovators, and Decorators) to lifestyle, décor, and design exhibitions that could be applied to other décor and design show markets. Furthermore, a PDI (presentation, demonstration and interaction) classification of creative exhibition factors was identified, which could assist organizers as well as exhibitors at such events. The results shed some light on the heterogonous nature of visitors to exhibitions and that these differences should be considered especially if organizers and exhibitions want to influence their behavioral intentions regarding purchases and execution of ideas.

A motivation-based typology for natural event attendees

ABSTRACTLittle research has been undertaken on the push and pull motives of attendees who travel to witness the natural phenomenon of the Salute to the Sockeye Festival held in British Columbia, Canada, celebrating one of the largest salmon runs, a water-based natural event, in the world. While numerous studies have focused on the motives of visitors to other events as well as to nature-based destinations we identified the said motives of these attendees and segmented the markets according to their motives. The results confirmed that attendees to natural events have a variety of motives for their trip and that segmenting visitors based on their motivations is a useful market segmentation tool as it provides a definitive profile and understanding of different types of visitors and their viewing preferences. The findings furthermore challenge the results of existing research findings that tourists are motivated by the need to escape from their everyday environment. Rather, attendees travelling to witness natural events are motivated by the specialness of the event i.e. the natural phenomenon and their appreciation of it. The findings enabled us to provide strategic insights for marketing and managing the salmon run viewing experience and similar natural events, according to the preferences of specific market segments. These strategies may be used by event organisers to ensure repeat visits, a memorable viewing experience and a greater appreciation of the natural wonder.

A GPS-Based Classification of Visitors’ Vehicular Behavior in a Protected Area Setting

As tourism and visitation increases to parks and protected areas worldwide, concerns regarding degradation of natural resources and visitor experiences also increase. As such, understanding visitor use patterns and spatial characteristics is important for better management of social and ecological resources. In many parks and protected areas, transportation systems (including park roads, parking lots, personal vehicles, public transit services, bicycle and/or pedestrian paths, and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that help deliver visitors to their destinations within parks) are a primary way for tourists and visitors to interact with and experience natural environments. Transportation systems designed with visitor use patterns in mind can both provide a positive experience for tourists as well as minimize impacts to natural resources within parks and protected areas. Our research used Global Positioning System (GPS)-based technology and a statistical classification procedure to examine spatial and temporal patterns of vehicular visitation in the Moose-Wilson corridor of Grand Teton National Park. While GPS-based technology has been used in parks and protected areas to study the spatial behavior of hikers and bikers, it has not been widely utilized to study the spatial behavior patterns of visitors travelling in vehicles to park destinations. Similarly, statistical classifications have been used to understand visitor behavior patterns in parks and protected areas, but are rarely applied to spatial data such as GPS tracks of visitor spatial movements. This classification based on spatial behavior resulted in the categorization of visitors into three types: Opportunistic Commuters, Wildlife/Scenery Viewers, and Hikers. These results expand existing literature suggesting that interpretable patterns of visitor spatial movements can result from classification studies using GPS-based collection of visitor behavior data. Understanding these patterns of visitor behavior is important for the management of social and natural resource conditions at park destinations as well as visitor experiences within the transportation corridor, as different types of visitors often exhibit different spatial behavior patterns. The classification and associated patterns of visitor behavior have important implications for managers of parks and protected area as different types of visitors may require different transportation and information needs in order to achieve their desired experience and minimize ecological impacts.Subscribe to JPRA

Combining GPS & survey data improves understanding of visitor behaviour

Visitor tracking is frequently used in tourism planning for large sites, but is far less common at individual attractions, despite a body of literature examining the detrimental impact of crowding on visitor experience. This study used handheld geographic positioning system (GPS) units to track 931 groups of visitors around a single tourist attraction to determine where they went and how long they dwelt at particular locations. The tracking data were combined with survey data to discover whether different types of visitors behaved differently when exploring the attraction. The majority of visitors followed similar routes revealing a strong ‘main path inertia’ with over half missing exhibits away from the perceived main route. Different group types varied in how long they dwelt at different locations and in how long they spent at the attraction altogether.

Not in our park! Local community perceptions of recreational activities in peri-urban national parks

ABSTRACTIncreased pressure to allow more recreational activities in peri-urban national parks may impact local communities. We surveyed residents living in local communities near six peri-urban national parks (IUCN Category II) in Queensland, Australia. We assessed their sense of place, their perceptions of different types of visitors’ activities, and interactions between attitudes and perceptions. Most respondents, including national park users and non-users, perceived non-motorised recreational activities as appropriate but perceived motorised activities negatively. Overall, negative perceptions were related to a respondent's sense of place. Respondents with a stronger sense of place had more positive perceptions of non-motorised activities but more negative perceptions of motorised activities than respondents reporting a weaker sense of place. Results suggest that people identifying with their local national park may have a small ‘latitude of acceptance’ for motorised activities. We found limited displacement due to recreational conflicts; most respondents still visited these parks. The methods used here, if applied to other peri-urban national parks, could help determine a local community's recreational activity thresholds, offering park managers a way to potentially diminish conflict and enhance visitors’ experiences.