Different Types Of Venues Research Articles

Decisions institutions, policy arenas, and inter-departmental collective action around urban sustainability

The implementation of urban sustainability policy efforts often require collaboration across multiple semi-independent units within a single government organization. The settings where representatives from relevant units interact, provide a potential mechanism for mitigating functional collective action (FCA) challenges, yet little research has examined how different venues shape the collaborative behavior of administrative units within a single government entity. Using detailed unit-level data collected from Kansas City, Missouri's government, this paper advances research on intra-organizational collaboration by applying methods of network analysis to examine the role that different types of venues play in facilitating cross-departmental interaction and the resolution of FCA problems. Results suggest that co-participation in structured decision institutions and informal policy arenas are both associated with increases in units’ collaboration around sustainability initiatives. However, variation in the size and robustness of impact is evident across venues, providing initial insights for how they may be structured to maximize collaborative effect.

Terrorist Attacks Against Performing Arts Venues: Global Trends and Characteristics Spanning 50 Years.

In fostering community and culture through entertainment in shared spaces, performing arts venues have also become targets of terrorism. A greater understanding of these attacks is needed to assess the risk posed to different types of venues, to inform medical disaster preparedness, to anticipate injury patterns, and to reduce preventable deaths. A search of the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was conducted from the year 1970 through 2019. Using pre-coded variables for target/victim type and target subtype, attacks involving "business" and "entertainment/cultural/stadium/casino" were identified. Attacks targeting performing arts venues were selected using the search terms "theater," "theatre," "auditorium," "center," "hall," "house," "concert," "music," "opera," "cinema," and "movie." Manual review by two authors was performed to confirm appropriateness for inclusion of entries involving venues where the primary focus of the audience was to view a performance. Descriptive statistics were performed using R (version 3.6.1). A total of 312 terrorist attacks targeting performing arts venues were identified from January 1, 1970 through December 31, 2019. Two-hundred nine (67.0%) attacks involved cinemas or movie theaters, 80 (25.6%) involved unspecified theaters, and 23 (7.4%) specifically targeted live music performance venues. Two-hundred thirty-four (75.0%) attacks involved a bombing or explosion, 50 (16.0%) damaged a facility or infrastructure, and 17 (5.4%) included armed assault. Perpetrators used explosives in 234 (75.0%) attacks, incendiary weapons in 50 (16.0%) attacks, and firearms in 19 (6.1%) attacks. In total, attacks claimed the lives of 1,307 and wounded 4,201 persons. Though fewer in number, attacks against music venues were responsible for 29.4% of fatalities and 35.0% of those wounded, and more frequently involved the use of firearms. Among 95 attacks falling within the highest quartile for victims killed or wounded (>two killed and/or >ten wounded), 83 (87.4%) involved explosives, seven (7.4%) involved firearms, and three (3.2%) involved incendiary methods. While uncommon, terrorist attacks against performing arts venues carry the risk for mass casualties, particularly when explosives and firearms are used.

Privacy and the City: User Identification and Location Semantics in Location-Based Social Networks

With the advent of GPS enabled smartphones, an increasing number of users is actively sharing their location through a variety of applications and services. Along with the continuing growth of Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs), security experts have increasingly warned the public of the dangers of exposing sensitive information such as personal location data. Most importantly, in addition to the geographical coordinates of the user's location, LBSNs allow easy access to an additional set of characteristics of that location, such as the venue type or popularity. In this paper, we investigate the role of location semantics in the identification of LBSN users. We simulate a scenario in which the attacker's goal is to reveal the identity of a set of LBSN users by observing their check-in activity. We then propose to answer the following question: what are the types of venues that a malicious user has to monitor to maximize the probability of success? Conversely, when should a user decide whether to make his/her check-in to a location public or not? We perform our study on more than 1 million check-ins distributed over 17 urban regions of the United States. Our analysis shows that different types of venues display different discriminative power in terms of user identity, with most of the venues in the "Residence" category providing the highest re-identification success across the urban regions. Interestingly, we also find that users with a high entropy of their check-ins distribution are not necessarily the hardest to identify, suggesting that it is the collective behaviour of the users' population that determines the complexity of the identification task, rather than the individual behaviour.

The supply and design of different types of venues for business events

Purpose Hosting business events is no longer the preserve of hotels and purpose-built conference and exhibition centres. Today, visitor attractions, theatres, museums, universities and sporting complexes also compete for their share of the lucrative business events sector. However, few of these venues were originally designed and built to accommodate events but are now multipurpose in function and marketed to the events industry to secure a secondary source of income. This paper aims to evaluate the supply and design of venues for business events from both a historical and contemporary viewpoint. Design/methodology/approach As business events have specific venue requirements, ranging from extensive, accessible space for exhibitions to numerous rooms for plenary and syndicate conference sessions, choosing an appropriate venue from those available has become a considerable task. A review of key moments in history demonstrates how different types of venues have emerged and developed. Findings This study reveals how venues that have a similar background typically share features such as architectural design and layout. The paper discusses the characteristics of unusual, academic and sporting venues as well as hotels and purpose-built space to include factors such as availability, cost and location. Originality/value This paper provides an insight into the benefits and drawbacks of using different types of venues for business events and the advantages and challenges that these present to organisers. Case studies are embedded within this paper, illustrating the range of venues that are used to successfully host business events today. As there is limited literature that explores venue development for events, or commonalities of venue characteristics by type, the synthesis of these two important elements of event management makes this study an original and valuable contribution to the developing literature.

Real-Time Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles for Demand Charge Reduction at Non-Residential Sites

Smart electric vehicle (EV) charging deals with increasing demand charges caused by EV load on EV supply equipment (EVSE) hosts. This paper proposes a real-time smart charging algorithm that can be integrated with commercial & industrial EVSE hosts through building energy management system or with utility back office through the advanced metering infrastructure. The proposed charging scheme implements a real-time water-filling algorithm able to reduce the peak demand and to prioritize EV charging based on the data of plugged-in EVs. The algorithm also accommodates utility and local demand response and load control signals for extensive peak shaving. Real-world EV charging data from different types of venues are used to develop and evaluate the smart charging scheme for demand charge reduction at medium & large general service locations. The results show that even at constrained venues such as large retails, monthly demand charges caused by EVs can be reduced by 20%–35% for 30% EV penetration level without depreciating EVs’ charging demand.

Olympic Experiences: the Significance of Place

Many studies analyze how events affect places, but few examine how places affect events. Existing research suggests that the physical qualities of a venue affect event experiences, but these studies often ignore subtler dimensions of place such as symbolism, affect, and identity. By narrowly focusing on venues, existing research also tends to neglect the fact that event places are perceived at a wider scale also (e.g., the host destination). Whether these wider place factors affect event experiences is the main question addressed by this study. The research involved a quantitative study of spectators who attended the London 2012 Olympic Games. The authors developed and tested a complex model that hypothesized the effects of place on satisfaction using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). After permissions were gained from the International Olympic Committee and the London Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, data were collected from over 600 people attending Olympic events. Research was undertaken at three different types of venue: The Aquatics Centre (a purpose-built venue), Greenwich Park (a temporary venue), and Wimbledon (an established venue). The findings showed that both venue attachment and place defined at the wider scale (at the destination level) had significant positive effects on event satisfaction. In addition, we found evidence that the different types of venues—purpose built, temporary, and established—moderated the relationship between venue attachment and event satisfaction. The results support venue attachment as a second-order factor and demonstrate the role of place symbolism within a four-dimensional conceptualization of place attachment. Ultimately, the research suggests that where an event is staged does affect event satisfaction, and this has important implications for the ways the Olympic Games and other large-scale events are staged.

The Where and How for Reaching Transgender Women and Men Who Have Sex with Men with HIV Prevention Services in Guatemala.

This study aims to describe the transgender women and men who have sex with men (MSM) missed through venue-based sampling and illustrate how data on venues can be used to prioritize service delivery. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) were used concurrently in 2010 for behavioral surveillance among MSM and transgender women in Guatemala City. RDS recruits who did not frequent venues (n=106) were compared to TLS recruits (n=609). TLS participants recruited at different types of venues were compared. RDS recruits who did not frequent venues were less educated, less likely to identify as gay, more likely to have concurrent partners and female sexual partners. Participants recruited at NGOs, saunas, hotels, streets and parks had more partners, were more likely to receive money for sex or have concurrent partners. Prevention programs for MSM and transgender women should characterize social venues and people that frequent them and improve service coverage through venues and social networks.

Cruising Venues as a Context for HIV Risky Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men

We examined differences in sexual risk behaviors, HIV prevalence, and demographic characteristics between men who have sex with men (MSM) who visit different types of venues to meet sexual partners, and identified correlates of high-risk behaviors. A cross-sectional behavioral survey was conducted with a venue-based sample of 1011 MSM in Portugal. Overall, 36.3% of MSM usually visit cruising venues to meet sexual partners (63.7% only visit social gay venues). Cruising venues' visitors reported higher HIV prevalence (14.6% [95% CI 11-18%] vs. 5.5% [95% CI 4-7%]). Visiting cruising venues was more likely among those older, reporting high number of male sexual partners, group sex, and unprotected anal sex with a partner whose HIV status was unknown. Cruising venues play an important role in increasing risk of HIV transmission among MSM who frequent them. Venue-focused behavioral interventions that promote healthy sexual behaviors are needed.

Second-hand smoke exposure in different types of venues: before and after the implementation of smoke-free legislation in Guangzhou, China

ObjectivesSmoke-free legislation was implemented in Guangzhou on 1 September 2010. However, the smoke-free policy did not cover all indoor areas and smoking rooms can be set in some public places....

Studying the Roles of Nonprofits, Government, and Business in Providing Activities and Services to Youth in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area

The article addresses the questions, What do children in urban areas do on Saturdays? What types of organizational resources do they have access to? Does this vary by social class? Using diary data on children’s activities on Saturdays in the Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale metropolitan area, the authors describe the different types of venues (households, businesses, public space, associations, charities, congregations, and government/tribal agencies) that served different types of children. They find that the likelihood of using a charity or business rather than a government or tribal provider increased with family income. Also, the likelihood of using a congregation or a government facility rather than a business, charity, or household increased with being Hispanic. The authors discuss the implications for the urban division of labor on Saturdays and offer research questions that need further investigation.

The prevalences of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections among female sex workers in China

BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) have become a major public health problem among female sex workers (FSWs) in China. There have been many studies on prevalences of HIV and syphilis but the data about Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections are limited in this population in China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed among FSWs recruited from different types of venues in 8 cities in China. An interview with questionnaire was conducted, followed by collection of a blood and cervical swab specimens for tests of HIV, syphilis, NG and CT infections.ResultsA total of 3,099 FSWs were included in the study. The overall prevalence rates of HIV, syphilis, NG and CT were 0.26%, 6.45%, 5.91% and 17.30%, respectively. Being a FSW from low-tier venue (adjusted odds ratios [AOR]=1.39) had higher risk and being age of ≥ 21 years (AOR=0.60 for 21–25 years; AOR=0.29 for 26–30 years; AOR=0.35 for 31 years or above) had lower risk for CT infection; and having CT infection was significantly associated with NG infection.ConclusionsThe high STI prevalence rates found among FSWs, especially among FSWs in low-tier sex work venues, suggest that the comprehensive prevention and control programs including not only behavioral interventions but also screening and medical care are needed to meet the needs of this population.

HIV Prevalence Varies Between Female Sex Workers From Different Types of Venues in Southern China

We conducted a cross-sectional study on prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis among female sex workers (FSWs) recruited from different types of venues in 6 cities in China. Among 5322 FSWs (1379 were from high-tier venues, 2482 from middle-tier venues, and 1461 from low-tier venues, respectively), overall HIV prevalence was 0.54% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37%- 0.76%). By typology of venues where FSWs solicited clients, the prevalence was 1.37% (95% CI, 0.89%-2.11%) in low-tier venues, 0.28% (95% CI, 0.14%- 0.58%) in middle-tier venues, and 0.07% (95% CI, 0.01%-0.41%) in high-tier venues. The final logistic regression model showed an association of having had HIV infection with working in low-tier venues (adjusted odds ratio 2.73; 95% CI, 1.12-6.67) and coming from Guangxi Province (adjusted odds ratio, 7.89; 95% CI, 1.65-37.64). It can be concluded that FSWs working in low-tier venues (on the streets or public outdoor places) had higher risk of HIV infection than other venues. Such subgroup of FSWs should be efficiently covered by the current HIV/STD surveillance and intervention programs in China.

Prevalence of syphilis infection in different tiers of female sex workers in China: implications for surveillance and interventions

BackgroundSyphilis has made a dramatic resurgence in China during the past two decades and become the third most prevalent notifiable infectious disease in China. Female sex workers (FSWs) have become one of key populations for the epidemic. In order to investigate syphilis infection among different tiers of FSWs, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 8 sites in China.MethodsSerum specimens (n = 7,118) were collected to test for syphilis and questionnaire interviews were conducted to obtain socio-demographic and behavioral information among FSWs recruited from different types of venues. FSWs were categorized into three tiers (high-, middle- and low-tier FSWs) based on the venues where they solicited clients. Serum specimens were screened with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for treponemal antibody followed by confirmation with non-treponemal toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) for positive ELISA specimens to determine syphilis infection. A logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with syphilis infection.ResultsOverall syphilis prevalence was 5.0% (95%CI, 4.5-5.5%). Low-tier FSWs had the highest prevalence (9.7%; 95%CI, 8.3-11.1%), followed by middle-tier (4.3%; 95%CI, 3.6-5.0%, P < 0.001) and high-tier FSWs (2.2%; 95%CI, 1.6-2.9%, P < 0.001). Factors independently associated with syphilis infection included older age, lower education level, geographic location, lower tier of typology, and injection drug use.ConclusionsThis multi-site survey showed a high prevalence of syphilis infection among FSWs and substantial disparities in syphilis prevalence by the tier of FSWs. The difference in syphilis prevalence is substantial between different tiers of FSWs, with the highest rate among low-tier FSWs. Thus, current surveillance and intervention activities, which have low coverage in low-tier FSWs in China, should be further examined.

Users of ICT at Public Access Centers

Libraries, telecenters, and cybercafés offer opportunities for wider public access to information and communication technologies (ICT). This paper presents findings of a global exploratory study on the landscape public access venues in 25 countries around the world. The goal of the project was to better understand the users of public access venues and their needs, this being one of several papers that result from the global study. This paper identifies profiles of the users of the different types of venues with respect to age, income, education and gender. While findings are not new, their value lies in the compelling evidence drawn from 25 countries and across different types of public access venues, which has never been done before. Results highlight the importance of strengthening public access venues in non-urban settings and to strengthen programs that reach out to underserved populations. The authors also point to special challenges faced by libraries and telecenters given the immense growth of cybercafés as public access venues in most of the countries studied.

The “cool factor” of public access to ICT

PurposeThis paper aims to determine how trust and perceptions shape uses of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in public access venues (libraries, telecentres, and cybercafés) in 25 developing countries around the world.Design/methodology/approachAs part of a global study conducted by the Technology &amp; Social Change Group at the University of Washington, local research teams conducted surveys, site visits, and interviews of over 25,000 respondents in different types of public access venues in the selected countries, using a shared research design and analytical framework.FindingsThe use of public access venues is shaped by the following trust factors: safety concerns, relevance of the information, reputation of the institution, and users' perceptions of how “cool” these venues are. While libraries tend to be trusted as most reputable, telecentres tend to be trusted as most relevant to meet local needs, and cybercafés tend to be perceived as most “cool”.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is limited by its descriptive and not predictive nature, and is not based on a statistically representative sample of the population.Practical implicationsThe insight presented in this paper can help inform policy decisions about public access initiatives, and inform future research to better understand the causes and consequences of trust in public access ICT. Understanding these perceptions helps gain a more nuanced understanding of the way services are provided in venues that offer public access to ICT.Originality/valueThis paper is novel as it covers public access to ICT in 25 developing countries across different types of venues, using a shared design and methodological approach. A study of this magnitude has never been done before. The findings provide valuable insight into understanding how people trust different types of public access ICT venues.

Homosexual encounters in different venues.

We aim to provide empirical data regarding the role of various sex-on-premises venues for gay men in the spread of HIV infection and homosexual activity with casual partners at different (public) venues was assessed. A questionnaire was filled out by participants in a cohort study in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Questions were asked regarding sex in private homes, baths, cruising areas, darkrooms, cinemas, and hotel rooms. The majority of the 410 men who had sex with casual partners had done so in private homes (67.8%). However, cruising areas, baths and darkrooms were also highly frequented. Three general 'scenes' of venues frequented could be distinguished, and characteristics of men frequenting different types of venues were found to differ. Men who reported unprotected anal sex did so for only one type of venue. Private homes were the locations where most men engaged in high-risk behaviours. However, the number of partners practising unprotected anogenital sex was highest in (semi) public venues.

Multitier wireless access

The existing cellular and specialised mobile radio (SMR) systems are well positioned to provide service to new cellular and cellular-like customers over the next decade, and analog AMPS is likely to be attractive to support roaming for a number of years. Multitier wireless access and multimode terminals are likely to emerge to support wireless access that is optimized for different types of venues. The allocation of 120 MHz of licensed spectrum for PCS at 2 GHz is likely to encourage the deployment of new wireless technologies such as widespread low-power wireless access, as well as cellular-like technology, to provide new services and permit service differentiation to develop new markets. Satellite-based PCS for remote areas will also emerge. Interoperability of handsets and wireless data terminals with radio ports using both licensed and unlicensed PCS spectrum is likely to be desirable to provide maximum connectivity and optimized service. The FCC's rules for unlicensed PCS operation substantially favor TDMA/TDD operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>