Different Types Of Solar Panels Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEGRADATION AND EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PANELS

The article substantiates the relevance of the issue of researching and analyzing the impact of degradation on the efficiency of solar panels. A brief analysis of the main features of the use of solar panels of various types is carried out, their main characteristics that affect their service life are presented. The main types and causes of degradation of photovoltaic modules, which are associated with both mechanical and environmental influences, as well as with the influence of electrical quantities during the operation of solar panels, are considered in detail. The main conclusions about the most influential degradation factors are obtained, among which it is advisable to highlight the influence of temperature - both the external air temperature and the heating temperature of the solar panel itself - for further study. An analysis of current research on the study of the peculiarities of degradation of photovoltaic modules under the influence of various factors associated with both environmental influences and the influence of electrochemical processes directly in the panel system is carried out. Particular attention is paid to studies of the effect of temperature on their performance. Preliminary experimental measurements of solar panel performance parameters at different light intensities and when the panel is heated in the range from 19 to 78 °C were carried out on the basis of a laboratory setup. Based on the data obtained, a graph of the dependence of the efficiency of a solar PV module on its surface temperature was constructed and it was found that the efficiency of the panel begins to decline actively after the temperature of its surface rises above 50-55°C. To confirm and detail the data obtained, the next task is to conduct similar studies with different types of solar panels and under different operating conditions. Also, the next step will be to further investigate the impact of ambient temperature on the efficiency of photovoltaic modules, as well as to find a specific link between the impact of this temperature on the heating of solar cells and, accordingly, to assess the impact of these parameters on the degradation of solar panels in general.

Effects of photovoltaic panel type on optimum sizing of an electrical energy storage system using a stochastic optimization approach

This article proposes a stochastic optimization approach for an off-grid solar-wind with an electrical energy storage structure. The proposed optimization approach is a probabilistic algorithm based on simulated annealing for approximating the global optimum of the objective function. The optimal size of the electrical energy storage system for the solar-wind energy system as the final aim is calculated considering the reliability and annualized cost of the system. The objective function of this study is to reduce the unavailability and cost of the system with different types of solar panels (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin film). The optimization process of the system size is accomplished using a stochastic optimization approach by considering the battery capacity, photovoltaic (PV) panel, and wind turbine area as decision variables. The harmony search algorithm is used to confirm the optimality of the system. The effects of photovoltaic panel type on the optimum sizing of electrical energy storage system are calculated in a case study over a year. So, a sensitivity study is performed to analyze the effect of the initial costs of components and the efficiency of photovoltaic panels on the annualized cost of the system. The results show that polycrystalline-PV solar/battery systems are more suitable for the proposed location than other systems, due to economic, technical, and environmental conditions. Also, the stochastic optimization approach is effective for the sizing process and can achieve the goals of the system. In three solar cell types, there is a slight increase (about 3.6 %) in TCOS (total cost of the system) value by increasing PV panel unit cost; and, there is a significant decrease in TCOS value (about 82 %) by decreasing battery unit cost; also, there is a significant decrease in TCOS value (about 28 %) by increasing PV efficiency.

Calculating the energy capacity and capacity factor of floating photovoltaic (FPV) power plant in the cirata reservoir using different types of solar panels

The trend to use solar energy as an electrical energy source continues to grow around the world. Located on the equator, Indonesia has the potential for continuously available solar energy throughout the year, which means that the use of solar energy as a solar power plant need to be increased. Floating solar power plant is a solution for solar power plant development in areas where land is limited due to high population density. One of the reservoirs currently under development and construction of floating solar power plant under the Electric Power Supply Business Plan 2021 – 2030 is the Cirata Reservoir with power capacity of 145 MWp. This study aims to obtain the results of the calculation of the energy capacity and capacity factor of the 145 MWp Cirata Reservoir floating solar power plant using different types of solar panel with RETScreen Expert software. This study uses data analysis techniques. The annual energy capacity results for monocrystalline, polycrystaline, and thin-film solar cell module types are 190.54 GWh, 190.54 GWh, and 186.87 GWh respectively. The capacity factor results for monocrystalline, polycrystaline, and thin-film solar cell module types respectively are 15.00%; 15.00%; and 14.70%.

Analysis of the performance and economic parameters of different types of solar panels taking into account degradation processes

Analysis of the operational and economic parameters of various types of solar panels, taking into account their degradation. An inspection of literary sources of solar panels was carried out. The types of solar panels, their advantages and disadvantages are described in detail. An analysis of the degradation of solar panels was carried out. The calculation is made and graphs of degradation of solar panels are given. In the feasibility study, capital investment calculations were carried out for the introduction of two network stations with a capacity of 30 kW, with various types of solar panels. Scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the degradation of various types of solar panels.

Viability of renewable energy technologies under the Feed-in Tariff scheme in Hong Kong

Many countries and regions around the world have incorporated renewable energy use for the purpose of achieving resource sustainability, pollution reduction, as well as reducing the carbon footprint. Many cities around the world including Hong Kong have created Feed-in Tariff (FIT) schemes to encourage and provide incentives for renewable energy development. There is thus a need to study the feasibility of using renewable energy under the scheme. Energy generated from two prominent renewable energy technologies ‒ solar PV and wind turbines ‒ are studied for a hypothetical housing development in Hong Kong. To allow for increased knowledge of different types of solar panels and wind turbines that are available in the market, two different types of solar panels – the monocrystalline and amorphous silicon PV ‒ and two different types of wind turbines – the horizontal and vertical wind turbine ‒ are studied. The revenue that can be generated is then calculated based on a power company’s FIT scheme. The payback period required for each type of renewable energy technology development is also determined. The results show that solar panels are feasible for installation within the city, and both solar panels and wind turbines are feasible for installation on outlying islands outside the city such as Cheung Chau.

A Review Paper on Solar Energy-Generated Electricity

Abstract: Solar energy, which is generated by sunlight, is a non-depleting renewable energy source that is also environmentally benign. Enough sunshine energy hits the globe every hour to meet the world's annual energy requirement. We needed electricity every hour in today's generation. This Solar Energy is used for a variety of purposes, including industrial, commercial, and domestic. It is simple to obtain energy from direct sunshine. As a result, it is incredibly effective and does not pollute the environment. We reviewed Solar Energy from Sunlight in this post and evaluated its future trends and characteristics. The page also aims to discuss how solar panels function and the different types of solar panels, as well as the various applications and strategies for promoting the benefits of solar energy.

Solar Panels and their Diverse Characteristics: An All-Inclusive Study

In recent years the use of solar energy is found to have grown by a large amount. Solar energy is renewable energy and the demand for it as clean energy shows its growth by nearly 50 percent in the past decade. It is estimated that the sun is able to generate energy within 24 hours that the entire population of the world could consume in 27 years. Solar power is the energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy. The energy harnessed from the sun's rays is used for a variety of applications like electricity generation, to provide light for the interior environment, and many other domestic, commercial, and industrial purposes. Usage of fossil fuels for electricity production results in increased pollution and this mandates many governments to encourage moving to electricity generation using solar power. The large amount of solar energy that is available is found to be the most appealing source of electricity. Solar panels form a major part of the solar energy setup. Hence in this article let us review the various types of solar panels. This paper also deals with comparing the merits and demerits of the different types of solar panels that are available in the market. A section that presents the efficiency of the different kinds of the solar panel is also present in this paper. The role of temperature coefficient, fire rating, and hail rating in the performance of the solar panel is also addressed in this paper.

Comparison of dust and high-temperature effects on mono and poly photovoltaic panels

Solar Photovoltaic Panels are considered as one of the most powerful alternative renewable and sustainable energy sources. However, a major challenge is the effect of dust accumulation on the photovoltaic panels in natural outdoor environment as it reduces the transmissivity of the light on the surface of the solar panels. For many small communities, the decision of implementing mono or polycrystalline PVs should consider economic aspects. This study is a case study that is held at The British University in Egypt at El Sherouk city to study the effect of different parameters such as dust accumulation, water cooling and coating on the performance of both mono- and poly-crystalline panels at El-Sherouk City. The effects of high temperature and dust accumulation on different solar panels placed in natural outdoor conditions at El-Sherouk City are studied and the electrical performance of the solar panels is represented by measuring several characteristic parameters of dusty and cooled PV panels compared to cleaned and non-cooled panels. The effect of the tilt angle on the accumulation of dust on the surface of the solar panels is, also, studied. The mono-crystalline solar panels are installed at tilt angles 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° for one month without cleaning, by any method. The results shows that the power reduction percentage is 17%,20%,25%,27% and 30% for tilt angles 60°,45°,30°,15° and 0°; respectively. Tilt angles 15° and 30° show to be optimal for the installation of the PV solar system, as they produce the highest amount of output power. It is found from the study that the accumulation of dust on the surface of different types of solar panels can reduce the efficiency by 30%. While the high temperature can reduce the efficiency by up to 10 %.

Effect of Dust and High Temperature on Photovoltaics Performance in the New Capital Area

The trend for integrating solar Photovoltaic Panels as an alternative renewable and sustainable energy source is growing in Egypt, North Africa and the Middle East. However, these efforts are not widely accepted by the society due to their lower efficiencies. The efficiency of the photovoltaic panels is affected by many environmental parameters, which have a negative impact on system efficiency and cost of energy, dust and increased panel temperatures being the most serious. This work presents the results of a case study conducted at The British University in Egypt at El-Sherouk city to study the effect of different parameters such as dust accumulation, water cooling and coating on their performance of both mono- and poly-crystalline panels at El-Sherouk City. The effects of high temperature and dust accumulation on different solar panels placed in natural outdoor conditions at El-Sherouk City were studied and the electrical performance of dusted, cleaned, and cooled PV panels is presented. The variation in the efficiency of mono-crystalline panels installed at different tilt angles, resulting from the accumulation of dust on their surface, was also studied. The results showed that the accumulation of dust on the surface of different types of solar panels can reduce the efficiency by 30%. While the high temperature can reduce the efficiency by up to 10 %. The results showed that the power reduction percentage was 17%, 20%, 25%, 27% and 30% for tilt angles 60°,45°,30°,15° and 0°; respectively. Tilt angles 15° and 30° showed to be optimal for the installation of the PV solar system, as they resulted the highest amount of output power

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF SOLAR PV PANELS FOR THEIR EFIICIENCY, COST AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF HYDERABAD

As the demand of energy increases, renewable technologies are dominating in the recent years. Solar energy is one of the leading technologies in all of the renewable energies, due to its simplicity. In Pakistan, solar PV stand-alone units are mostly used to meet the energy requirements. During production of solar PV panel, it emits out lot of waste heat and it is necessary to calculate these emissions. This study investigates the complete Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of two different types of solar panels which are locally available in Hyderabad markets. Complete modeling of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline PV panels has been done by using GaBi software. This study shows the complete waste heat emissions during each stage of PV panel production. Two different types (Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline) of solar panels are designed under the dimensions of 1 m2. It is calculated that Monocrystalline PV panels are more efficient than Polycrystalline PV panels and they generates more units of electricity under same temperature conditions during its complete life. To enhance the electrical efficiency of solar PV panel, cooling system must be provided across it. The comparative analysis shows that Polycrystalline PV panels requires less amount of electrical energy as compare to Monocrystalline PV panels resulting in the reduction of waste heat emission. At the end of life, this study highlights the significance of recycling of solar panels which consider the reuse of the raw material. In this study, the combination of mechanical, thermal, and chemical process of recycling is considered. Recycling rate of solar PV panel has been assumed to be 90%. Recycling of raw material reduces the waste heat emission during purification process of raw material. Thus, cost is reduced and beneficial for environmental aspects. Result shows that recycling of solar PV panel is more beneficial than landfill for environmental and economic aspects.

Surface temperature effects of solar panels of fixed-wing drones on drag reduction and energy consumption

In this paper, the thermal effects of solar panels are investigated experimentally and computationally on the efficiency of an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) in laminar and turbulent flows. At first, the impact of temperature on output power and efficiency of an eFlex 30 Wp solar panel is studied. Then, the surface temperature and output voltage of two different types of solar panels, a flexible and a solid panel, are measured under a heat lamp. The heat lamp provides the radiation and raises the temperature of the solar panels. A thermal camera and laser thermometer are used to measure the surface temperature of the solar panels. Considering a tilt-rotor UAV as a case study, an energy balance is modeled for the wing of UAV, which is assumed as a flat plate. Applying the Blasius boundary layer for laminar flow and 1/5 power law for turbulent flow, it is shown that there is skin friction drag changes on the top surface of the solar panel due to its dark blue color. In order to validate the results of the proposed model, a thermal-fluid study is carried out on the NACA 2412 airfoil through COMSOL to see whether changing the surface temperature on the solar panel relates to skin drag reduction. The results indicate that an increase in the surface temperature of the solar panel will decrease the output power and efficiency to a maximum of 8%; while this increase in temperature reduces drag by up to 10% in laminar flow. This research shows that despite the reduction of efficiency and generated power by solar panels with increasing the surface temperature on top of a UAV, the aerodynamic efficiency can be improved with drag reduction in laminar flow.

Recent advances and applications of solar photovoltaics and thermal technologies

Abstract This article discusses the functionalities and developments of different types of solar panels. It explains the latest technological advances in this field, especially in the context of different types of solar panels, namely, photovoltaic (also known as PV), thermal collectors, photovoltaic-thermal (known as PV/T) panels and concentrating solar panels. Specifically, the paper examines how each of the technologies analysed operates to produce heat and electrical power, how to improve the energy efficiency and which technology provides the best system efficiencies and fastest return on investment. Finally, it also assesses the extent to which the exploitation of renewable energy sources and incentives to achieve energy efficiency is supported by the European regulatory framework and policies.

Estimation of electricity generation potential by solar radiation on Sardar Sarovar dam

Abstract The western region of the subcontinent of India experiences a tropical savanna climate. During summers, the temperature elevates to scorching 48oC, which causes intensification in the evaporation rate of the surface of the water bodies of that region. One such water body is the Sardar Sarovar dam’s reservoir. This gravity dam is one of the world’s largest dams and one of the pre-eminent renewable energy sources in the country. Even though Sardar Sarovar Dam generates surplus electricity around the year, in summer, the value takes a dip. This is when the Global Horizontal Solar Irradiance (GHI) is at peak. This benefactor has been utilised by the installation of solar panels on the still water area. A method was developed to exploit this solar radiation and to depress the evaporation rate of the reservoir to increase the output by the dam. A standard model was prepared for installation of offshore solar panels at the target site. The measured value of the GHI at three nearby locations was acquired from National Institute of Wind Energy’s database. This data was interpolated at the target area to estimate monthly GHI and calculate the solar angles and the solar farm parameters. These parameters were used for sensitivity analysis to determine the variation in electricity potential by implementing different types of solar panels. The maximum value of power that can be generated by the farm was estimated to be 173.6 MW. This is 0.59% of the total power generated by the state and 2.77% of the power generated by the renewable sources in the state.

A Modified Firefly Algorithm with Rapid Response Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions

A rapid response optimization technique for photovoltaic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under partial shading conditions (PSCs) is proposed in this study. To improve the solar MPPT tracking speed for rapidly-changing environmental conditions and to prevent the conventional firefly algorithm (FA) from becoming trapped at the local peaks and oscillations during the search process, a novel fusion algorithm, named the modified firefly algorithm (MFA), is proposed. The MFA integrates and modifies the processes of two algorithms, namely the firefly algorithm with neighborhood attraction (NaFA) and simplified firefly algorithm (SFA). A modified attraction process for the NaFA is used in the first iteration to avoid trapping at local maximum power points (LMPPs). In addition, in order to improve the convergence speed, the attractiveness factor of the attraction process is designed to be related to the power and position difference of the fireflies. Furthermore, the number of fireflies is designed to decrease in proportion with the iterations in the modified SFA process. Results from both the simulations and evaluations verify that the proposed algorithm offers rapid response with high accuracy and efficiency when encountering PSCs. In addition, the MFA can avoid becoming trapped at LMPPs and ease the oscillations during the search process. Consequently, the proposed method could be considered to be one of the most promising substitutes for existing approaches. In addition, the proposed method is adaptable to different types of solar panels and different system formats with specifically designed parameters.

A new method to extract the equivalent circuit parameters of a photovoltaic panel

This paper offers a new method to extract the equivalent circuit parameters of a single diode photovoltaic (PV) panel. These parameters were determined by using the manufacturer data of the PV panel and an experimental measurement. This method consists in measuring a single parameter which is the shunt resistance Rsh, the other unknown parameters were determined through the resolution of the equations proposed by the method. The strength of the proposed method is that the measurement errors do not affect the values of the calculated parameters. In order to confirm the accuracy of the current work, this method is applied on two different types of solar panels (monocrystalline and polycrystalline). And thereafter, the corresponding power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) curves are compared to manufacturer, PVsyst software and to the results achieved by other authors for various levels of temperature and irradiance. The results indicated that the proposed method is simple, fast and offers accurate results which make it applicable to different types of PV panels.

A Hybrid Maximum Power Point Tracking Approach for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions Using a Modified Genetic Algorithm and the Firefly Algorithm

This paper proposes a modified maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for photovoltaic systems under rapidly changing partial shading conditions (PSCs). The proposed algorithm integrates a genetic algorithm (GA) and the firefly algorithm (FA) and further improves its calculation process via a differential evolution (DE) algorithm. The conventional GA is not advisable for MPPT because of its complicated calculations and low accuracy under PSCs. In this study, we simplified the GA calculations with the integration of the DE mutation process and FA attractive process. Results from both the simulation and evaluation verify that the proposed algorithm provides rapid response time and high accuracy due to the simplified processing. For instance, evaluation results demonstrate that when compared to the conventional GA, the execution time and tracking accuracy of the proposed algorithm can be, respectively, improved around 69.4% and 4.16%. In addition, in comparison to FA, the tracking speed and tracking accuracy of the proposed algorithm can be improved around 42.9% and 1.85%, respectively. Consequently, the major improvement of the proposed method when evaluated against the conventional GA and FA is tracking speed. Moreover, this research provides a framework to integrate multiple nature-inspired algorithms for MPPT. Furthermore, the proposed method is adaptable to different types of solar panels and different system formats with specifically designed equations, the advantages of which are rapid tracking speed with high accuracy under PSCs.

Energy Flow Control with Using Arduino Microcontroller in Off-Grid Hybrid Power Generation System Including Different Solar Panels and Fuel Cell

This study included a practice for efficient and effective energy use when control algorithms related to energy flow of hybrid energy generation system consisting of different types of solar panels (monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin film) and fuel cell were performed. An Arduino microcontroller–based control system was designed in order to use the energy generated efficiently and effectively in hybrid power generating systems which consist of solar panels, battery packs, fuel cell and direct current and alternating current loads. Routing of energy was performed by relays, and the processes such as monitoring and saving of data belonging to the energy generating system and manual control of the relays optionally were performed via a LabVIEW program on the computer. The electrical energy produced by each solar panel, energy demand of the load and charge–discharge conditions of the batteries were monitored through the control system designed for energy flow control. The data were analyzed and the performances of these three control algorithms were compared. It was determined which of these three different control algorithms had the most effective and efficient energy usage.

Maximum Power point Tracking Using P&O Control Optimized by a Neural Network Approach: A Good Compromise between Accuracy and Complexity

In the field of power optimization of photovoltaic panels (PV), there exist many maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithms, such as: the perturb and observe (P&O) one, the algorithms based on fuzzy logic and the ones using a neural network approaches. Among these MPPT control algorithms, P&O is one of the most widely used due to its simplicity of implementation. However, the major drawback of this kind of algorithm is the lack of accuracy due to oscillations around the PPM. Conversely, MPPT control using neural networks have shown to be a very efficient solution in term of accuracy. However, this approach remains complex.In this paper we propose an original optimization of the P&O MPPT control with a neural network algorithm leading to a significant reduction of the computational cost required to train it, ensuring a good compromise between accuracy and complexity. The algorithm has been applied to the models of two different types of solar panels, which have been experimentally validated.

A practical field study of various solar cells on their performance in Malaysia

A practical field study has been carried out with the intention to analyze and compare the performance of various types of commercially available solar panels under Malaysia's weather. Four different types of solar panels, such as mono-crystalline silicon, multi-crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon and copper–indium–diselenide (CIS) solar panels are used for the practical field study. A number of performance related parameters have been collected using data logger over a period of three consecutive days in the hope that this would give some initial information on the real performance of different solar panels. Results show that mono-crystalline silicon and multi-crystalline silicon solar module perform better when they are under hot sun, whereas the CIS and triple junction amorphous silicon solar panel perform better when it is cloudy and has diffused sunshine. Furthermore, the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar panel has been found to drop when the temperature rises higher. This phenomenon does not appear in the CIS and amorphous silicon solar panels, which shows that the performance of CIS and amorphous silicon solar cells are better in terms of power conversion efficiency and overall performance ratio. Better performance of thin film solar cells like amorphous silicon and CIS are observed from the initial results, which draws attention over the selection of solar panels and also may encourage the usage of these in tropical weather like Malaysia.