Different Types Of Reinforcement Research Articles

Toughening of self-reinforced PLA films using PLA nanofiber mats and oriented PLA tapes as interlayers

Self-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composite (SRPLA) offers advantages in terms of convenient recycling due to its mono-material nature, potential biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Moreover, SRPLA has shown the ability to overcome the inherent brittleness of PLA. To deepen our understanding of how different types of reinforcements and process parameters can affect tensile properties, particularly tensile toughness, SRPLA has been prepared based on oriented tapes (ot-SRPLA) as well as nanofiber mats (nf-SRPLA) using a film-stacking and hot-compaction approach. A considerable improvement was observed in tensile strength, modulus, and toughness at the optimum consolidation temperature and time. Specifically, the tensile toughness of nf-SRPLA increased approximately threefold at a very low nanofiber loading of 0.56 wt%, while the toughness of ot-SRPLA more than doubled at a tape mass fraction of 36 wt%. In terms of toughening mechanisms, the presence of the nanofibers slowed down crack propagation through crack branching, deviation, and fiber bridging in nf-SRPLA, whereas the predominant toughening mechanisms were interlayer debonding and tape pull-out for ot-SRPLA.

Effect of different types of reinforcement denture base materials on implants retained overdenture

Effect of different types of reinforcement denture base materials on implants retained overdenture

Effect of loading type in concrete deep beam with strut reinforcement

Abstract This study examined eight specimens of two groups of deep beam (DB) with the same dimensions and reinforcement quantity, where the first group had four specimens tested under two-point loads and the second group had four specimens tested under one-point load (Ammash HK, AL-Mousawi MM. Experimental investigation of deep beam reinforced with different types of reinforcement. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res. 2021;11(2):7585–90.) where both groups have the same reinforcement and the dimensions and difference between the groups was only the type of load. Digital image correlation technology software was used to verify the results. Upon examining the results, each group had one reference specimen with conventional reinforcement and the other three specimens were with strut reinforcement. It was observed that the strut reinforcement technique was more effective than the conventional reinforcement. This study also found that the load capacity was decreased at two-point loads from one-point load. The results from the present study were compared to those from a prior study (Ammash HK, AL-Mousawi MM. Experimental investigation of deep beam reinforced with different types of reinforcement. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res. 2021;11(2):7585–90.) that only employed a one-point load. The concrete type, its dimensions, and its method of reinforcing were the same as Ammash and AL-Mousawi’s (Experimental investigation of deep beam reinforced with different types of reinforcement. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res. 2021;11(2):7585–90.) study. The maximum load capacity for SC (Reference DB specimen) and S10 (the deep strut beam employed a specimen with 100% reinforcement from the reinforced web) specimens for one-point load were more tolerant to stress than the two-point loads, with 15% for SC and 27% for S10 as both specimens had comparable amounts of reinforcement. When a force is applied that is less than the sum of the two load points, cracks occur in the shear and flexural zones at one load point. We have found that the use of two-point loads leads to a decrease in the maximum load capacity of specimens when compared with a one-point load. It was also noted that cracks are formed in the shear and flexural zones at one-point load when a load less than the two-point load is applied. It was also observed that when two-point loads were applied to a specimen, the displacement was less than half of what it was when tested under a one-point load, and the strain in specimens examined under two-point load was lower than in specimens examined under one point load.

Strength and Deformation of Concrete-Encased Grouting-Filled Steel Tubes Columns Exposed to Monotonic Quasi-Static Loading Conditions

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel concrete-encased column (CE) using small circular steel tubes filled with cementitious grouting material (GFST) as the primary reinforcement instead of traditional steel bars. The research involved three different types of reinforcement: conventional steel bars, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars, and concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars. Twenty-four circular concrete columns were tested and categorized into six groups based on the type of reinforcement employed. Each group comprised four columns, with one subjected to concentric axial load, two subjected to eccentric axial load (with eccentricities of 25 mm and 50 mm, respectively), and one tested under lateral flexural loads. To validate the experimental results, finite element (FE) analysis was conducted using ABAQUS software version 6.14. The experimental findings for concentric load reveal that columns with the second type of reinforcement, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars exhibited a failure load 19% lower than those with steel bars, while columns with the third type of reinforcement, concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars achieved a failure load 17% greater than the traditional steel bars. The FE analysis demonstrates good agreement with the experimental outcomes in terms of ultimate strength, deformation, and failure modes.

Design and Development of Novel AA7075-T6 based Armor Plate through Numerical and Experimental Approach

The materials used for ballistic applications have always taken a special spot in the manufacturing and study of protective amours. Although metals like steel provide adequate ballistic protection, they compromise the mobility of the soldier and since high mobility is a primary requirement for soldiers during combat. Therefore, at present most of the researchers are currently focusing on materials with properties like high impact resistance and high strength to weight ratio. In recent times, Aluminum alloys are recognized as the alternative materials which can provide good impact resistance and have a high strength to weight ratio and having better corrosion resistant properties which ultimately make it a suitable material for several military applications. In this research, one of the toughest aluminum alloys AA7075-T6 is considered for designing an armor plate and studied for its ballistic resistance. Initially, the monolithic AA7075-T6 alloy of 18 mm was tested for its ballistic resistance limit and further it is designed with the ceramic plate of 3 mm and base alloy AA7075-T6 of 15 mm was tested to evaluate. Later the monolithic alloy of 18 mm was surface reinforced up to a thickness of 3 mm with different types of reinforcements and evaluated the bullet residual velocity after penetration of the armor piercing projectile. Numerical simulation was conducted using the prominent non-linear dynamic analysis software i.e., Ansys AUTODYNE version 19.2 and the respective values for the surface reinforced metal matrix composites revealed excellent results for the depth of penetration and residual velocity of the projectile.

Specific distortion‐induced fatigue failure at main girders of a railway bridge – efficiency of different reinforcements based on strain measurements

AbstractAt the main girders of a three span continuous girder railway bridge, built in the 1960s, through‐thickness cracks were detected in the web, at the location of the transverse stiffener to main girder connections. The transverse stiffeners are not welded to the girder flange, in order to increase their fatigue resistance. Instead, fitting strips between the stiffeners and the bottom flanges were used.First of all, the paper presents the results of local strain measurements at the original detail, without any reinforcement, for individual train passages. These results confirm a distortion‐induced fatigue failure, due to an unexpected high‐frequency oscillation of the web plate. Based on that, three different types of reinforcement were developed and installed at the bridge. For each type of reinforcement further strain measurements were done during regular train service. Also, a weigh‐in‐motion‐system was installed, to specify a representative passenger and freight train each. From the local strain measurements, during the passage of these two trains, the stress‐spectra were evaluated for all three types of reinforcement. Furthermore, existing fatigue test data of a similar connection detail from the literature were reassessed in order to provide an accurate fatigue resistance for the damage accumulation. The comparison of the evaluated fatigue damage of these individual stress spectra indicates the efficiency of each type of reinforcement.Finally, also representative reduction factors of the initial stress ranges without reinforcement, were developed for each type of reinforcement. This allows a more generalized assessment, regarding the efficiency of the different types of reinforcement, not just valid for individual trains but also for the whole train traffic.

Investigation on shear buckling of steel welded I‐section beams with reinforced web openings

AbstractPlate girders with I‐section frequently require large web openings to accommodate ducts and pipes in buildings and bridges. It is known that the critical load equivalent to an unperforated plate can be achieved by an appropriate reinforcement of the web opening. The majority of the investigations on thin‐walled webs with web opening under shear loading has been focused on web slendernesses ranging between 200 to 360. Three tests on plate girders with a web slenderness of 416 are presented that contain web openings. The effect of an all‐around reinforcement (hollow section) of the web opening is studied in three‐point bending tests. The tests are calculated with finite elements accounting for imperfections that had been measured before testing. A parametric study is performed to evaluate different types of reinforcements for high web slendernesses.

Comparative performance analysis of ground slabs and beams reinforced with macro polypropylene fibre, steel fibre, and steel mesh

This study examines the structural performance of concrete slabs and beams reinforced with various types of reinforcement under centrally concentrated loading until failure. Three types of reinforcement were studied, including steel meshes (A142), steel fibers (30 kg/m3), and macro polypropylene (PP) fibers (6 kg/m3). The study discusses the fracture behavior of ground slabs and the enhancement in performance resulting from the inclusion of PP and steel fibers in terms of load–strain and load–deflection responses, deflection profiles, and crack patterns. In addition, the study compared the flexural behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete beams to determine the effectiveness of using various fibers in beams and slabs. The results revealed a significant increase in the flexural strength of steel fiber or steel mesh reinforced slabs on the ground as compared to the reference specimen while slabs reinforced with PP fibers showed favorable results in post-cracking performance and energy absorption compared to steel fibers. The use of PP fibers, steel fibers, and steel meshes can improve the flexural cracking strength of concrete slabs by 28%, 47%, and 79%, respectively. However, predictions based on the beam tests and physical properties of steel mesh overestimated the flexural strength of ground slabs by 12%, while the corresponding predictions of PP fiber-reinforced slabs and steel fiber-reinforced slabs were 45% and 24% higher than the experimental results. This study provides insights into the performance of different types of reinforcements in concrete slabs and beams, which can be valuable in designing and constructing reinforced concrete structures.

Numerical analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced embankment performance under moving loads

The performance of geosynthetic-reinforced embankments under traffic moving loads is always a hotspot in the geotechnical engineering field. A three-dimensional (3D) model of a geosynthetic-reinforced embankment without drainage consolidation was established using the finite element software ABAQUS. In this model, the traffic loads were simulated by two moving loads of rectangular pattern, and their amplitude, range, and moving speed were realized by a Fortran subroutine. The embankment fill was simulated by an equivalent linear viscoelastic model, which can reflect its viscoelasticity. The geogrid was simulated by the truss element, and the geocell was simulated by the membrane element. Infinite elements were utilized to weaken the boundary effect caused by the model geometry at the boundaries. Validation of the established numerical model was conducted by comparing the predicted deformations in the cross-section of the geosynthetic-reinforced embankment with those from the existing literature. On this basis, the dynamic stress and strain distribution in the pavement structure layer of the geosynthetic-reinforced embankment under a moving load was also analyzed. Finally, a parametric study was conducted to examine the influences of the different types of reinforcement, overload, and the moving load velocity on the geosynthetic-reinforced embankment.

Low-velocity impact behaviour of biocomposite laminates reinforced by flax, basalt and hybrid fibres at various temperatures: Analytical, numerical and experimental results

In recent years, the non-biodegradable nature of synthetic composite materials has shifted the research focus on natural fibres as possible substitutes for traditional reinforcements. This paper investigates the effects of temperature variation on the impact behaviour of natural fibre laminates from an experimental, analytical, and numerical point of view. Flax, basalt, and hybrid/epoxy resin composites have been characterized through a variegated experimental campaign: from −40 °C to 80 °C. In addition to these studies, two different analytical models available in literature for synthetic materials are, here, combined and validated to reproduce the full loading–unloading trend of natural fibre composites. Since the aim of this study is the investigation of low-velocity impact behaviour as a function of the operating temperature, it is worth noting that no modifications have been made to these models, except for material parameters like Young’s and shear moduli. Subsequently, a finite element numerical investigation has been carried out, using the solver RADIOSS, with the aim of generating, in very reasonable computation times, a first numerical approximation of the experimental impact response. The obtained results show how both the presented procedures can predict well the response of these composites during an impact event. Moreover, the mixed trend observed in the hybrid configuration supports the thesis of hybridization’s importance, as a technique capable of exploiting the synergistic effects arising from the application of different types of reinforcement and reducing the drawbacks connected with the employment of a single type of fibre.

3D printing of vegetable yarn-reinforced polymer components

Additive manufacturing has rapidly transformed over the years, moving from simply prototyping to producing objects and structures with advanced materials. The process, also known as 3D printing, enables complex shapes to be generated with great freedom of creation and low waste of resources. Although polymers have been widely used for the manufacture of small objects, the poorer mechanical properties and time required for 3D printing make the technique impractical for the production of real size structural components. This paper presents the development of a larger-diameter head nozzle for the manufacturing of a polymer-based material reinforced with continuous yarns. To address this issue, a continuous yarn reinforcing method was developed, utilizing a modified Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) hotend adapted to the in-nozzle impregnation of vegetable fibers (i.e., a process by which the yarn and matrix are joined in a single nozzle), such as jute, ramie, and sisal, combined with polylactic acid (PLA) to produce bio-based printed filaments with diameters up to 3 mm. The combination of these materials aims to create printed composites with better mechanical properties and, above all, to meet the environmental need for low-energy biodegradable materials from natural sources that ultimately contribute to reduce the sector's ecological footprint. It was observed that the reinforced samples achieved gains of 28.6% in strength and 28.9% in stiffness in comparison to the unreinforced matrix, using fiber contents up to 48.2% that reduce the polymer utilization per printed volume. The feasibility of the production of multilayer components using the developed method was also confirmed for different types of reinforcement and printing paths.

IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL DEFECTS ON THE RELIABILITY OF POLYMER PIPES REINFORCED WITH METAL BELTS

Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes (RTP; or Flexible Composite Pipes) are multilayered pipes that consist of inner, outer polymer shell and reinforcement layers. Although there are different types of reinforcement, due to widespread use in oil gathering systems in Russia, we consider steel strip reinforced pipes in this paper. While developing RTP manufacturers state constructive characteristics after conducting analytical analysis and experimental investigations. Final characteristics values are then published in technical regulations documents. Deviation from these values weaken strength of pipeline.As a result of conducted research it was shown that a thinning of a reinforcement strip by 0,1 mm leads to decrease in a burst pressure by 16 %. Similar effect on the pipe reliability has a deviation of the winding angle.

Intelligent Modeling of Edge Components of Prefabricated Shear Wall Structures Based on BIM

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital tool that can be used to create three-dimensional models of components. BIM technology, with its parameterized modeling scheme, can effectively address design changes. The use of BIM technology in prefabricated shear wall structures can significantly enhance component design accuracy and production efficiency. The Tekla software offers significant advantages in BIM deepening design. By utilizing the C# language, secondary development of the Tekla software, and the development of an intelligent modeling program for the edge components of prefabricated shear wall structures, the deepening design efficiency of such structures can be improved. The creation of BIM models is a crucial step in program development. Different types of reinforcements require various modeling methods, which, when combined with the design specifications of concrete structures, can be compiled to create the fine reinforcement model. This allows for the automatic creation of three-dimensional reinforcement models: “linear-shaped,” “T-shaped,” and “L-shaped” joints of the edge member. The BIM visualization characteristics can then display the three-dimensional model of the steel bar of the edge member in the cast-in-place area, deriving the engineering quantity of the steel bar for the production and construction of the prefabricated members. The modeling program’s development concept can serve as a reference for similar engineering applications, promoting the intelligent development of prefabricated building design and enhancing the efficiency of design and construction.

Numerical and Experimental Behavior Analysis of Slabs Strengthened Using Steel Plates and Slurry-Infiltrated Mat Concrete (SIMCON) Laminates

This study has two main aims; firstly, investigating the behavior of slabs that are strengthened with different types of reinforcements and with Slurry-Infiltrated Mat Concrete (SIMCON) laminates, having different dimensions and thicknesses and subjected to static and dynamic (impact) loads. Secondly, the development of a non-linear finite element (FE) model to simulate the behavior of the tested slabs utilizing the ABAQUS/Standard package. The modeling of the NSC slabs strengthened with either SIMCON or steel plates involves using three-dimensional solid elements that are partially integrated with the modeling of concretes using the 8-node brick element (C3D8R). The results of the experimental and numerical investigations are compared to examine whether the slab modeling is sufficient. The comparison includes the element type, material characteristics, real constants, and convergence study. The predicted ultimate load-carrying capacity versus vertical deformation response is compared with the lab results that correspond with it, as obtained via the FE analysis of all tested slabs. In addition, the results of the FE analysis of slab specimens that are strengthened with steel plates were compared to the results of the ones strengthened using SIMCON laminates. The obtained results have led to a number of significant observations. Considering the punching shear strength, it was found that using SIMCON strengthening in different dimensions increased the slab’s punching shear capacity and outperformed steel-strengthened slabs. As for the plate stiffness, SIMCON-strengthened slabs presented higher stiffness rates than steel-strengthened slabs, to the extent that even 20 mm SIMCON strengthening outperformed the steel plate-strengthened slabs of any thickness or dimensions. The axial load-displacement relationships indicate that all the numerical models show a stiffer behavior when compared with the experimental axial load-displacement relationships. The slab thickness of SIMCON significantly affects the load-carrying capacity, and it increases with the increase in thickness. Likewise, using strengthening from steel plates gives a higher load-carrying capacity. Finally, since the results of the yield line analyses for these slabs are found to match the experimental results closely, this method is considered to be suitable for practical use in determining the strength of plated slabs. Therefore, the conclusion is drawn that the proposed FE model can be sufficiently used in evaluating the dynamic responses of slabs strengthened with SIMCON or steel plates and subjected to cyclic and impact load.

Vibration Signal Diagnostic Information of Reinforced Masonry Elements Destruction

Reinforced masonry constructions and their elements must meet strength and stability requirements. These conditions determine wall structure safety during construction and operation. Safety depends on diagnostically aimed tests that check the objects’ quality or locate damages to structural elements that arise during operation. This article is focused on the experimental modal analysis research of reinforcement ceramic masonry elements. The aim of the research was to check whether it is possible to observe the damage in reinforced masonry structures and the accompanying vibration of signal transition functions by conducting pilot studies and using different types of reinforcements. The experiment was conducted on three samples of various types of reinforced brick walls. During the vibration tests, the segments were subjected to various loads, and it was observed how the increasing cracks and damage changed the courses of the measured functions of the vibration process, reflecting the damage to the segments. This made it possible to assess the variability of the vibration characteristics of the tested reinforced wall elements and the usefulness of the applied test method. The aim of the study was to check the assessed effectiveness by testing the degradation of the reinforced wall elements. The research confirmed the usefulness of the SISO methodology in identifying damages, which has been implemented in selected precast factories in Poland.

Seismic degradation behavior of steel-FRP composite bar reinforced concrete beams in marine environment based on experimental and numerical investigation

This study investigated the seismic behavior of seawater sea sand concrete (SWSSC, which is made of seawater, sea sand, ordinary aggregate and cement) beams reinforced with steel bars in a marine environment. To improve the durability of the specimens, different types of reinforcements, namely fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), steel-FRP composite bars (SFCBs), and macro basalt fibers, were introduced to replace steel bars owing to their superior durability and high strength. The failure mode, hysteretic response, energy dissipation capacity, and curvature of the pedestal were analyzed. Furthermore, a long-term performance prediction method based on finite element (FE) modeling was proposed. Results showed that the bond between the longitudinal reinforcements and SWSSC in steel and SFCB reinforced concrete (RC) beams degraded significantly after corrosion. Additionally, slips were observed during reciprocating loading. The total cumulative dissipated energy of the SFCB RC beam was approximately the same as that of the steel RC beam. Moreover, the corresponding value of SFCB and macro basalt fiber hybrid reinforced concrete specimen was almost twice that of the steel RC beam owing to a stable confinement of fibers on concrete. After corrosion, steel and SFCB RC beams exhibited a decrease in the lateral displacement at the top and a larger curvature at the pedestal, indicating that the rotation of the corroded specimens mainly occurred at the beam-column joint. The accuracy of the FE model was verified by comparing the obtained results with the experimental results. The prediction results revealed that the seismic performance of SFCB RC beams in the marine environment declined in the first three years and then stabilized gradually.which is made of seawater, sea sand, ordinary stone and cement.

Manufacture and Characterization of Cola Lépidota Reinforcements for Composite Applications

This study represents the first works on the manufacture of reinforcements for composite applications such as yarns and fabrics using a tropical fiber extracted from the bast of the Cola Lepidota (CL) plant. Different types of products were produced, including twisted and untwisted yarns and woven and quasi-unidirectional fabrics to manufacture composite samples. At each scale, experimental characterizations of textile and mechanical properties were carried out; these properties are compared to those given in the literature concerning natural fiber materials. The results show that the tenacity of twisted and untwisted CL yarns is higher than that of similar products based on flax fibers, which is an important result for the weaveability of these rovings. At the fabric scale, the quasi-unidirectional architecture reduces waviness and shows promising tensile properties compared to woven fabrics. On the scale of composites, these developments made it possible to achieve properties in tensile comparable, particularly in stiffness, to those achieved by composites based on natural fibers. The objectives of this paper are to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of different types of reinforcements, and to present the first characterization of the properties of products based on CL fibers.

JUSTIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT PARAMETERS FOR PRODUCTS MADE OF NATURAL STONE WITH STEEL AND COMPOSITE CORES

Purpose. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using steel and composite reinforcement to enhance the strength characteristics of products made of natural stone. Methodology. The preparation of specimens for conducting strength tests is performed and described. Recommendations are provided for the preparation, configuration, and utilization of the main tools and materials involved in the research. The components of the experiment aimed at determining the strength characteristics of the specimens are developed and described. Based on the obtained data, calculations of the primary force parameters during the failure of the specimens under bending loads are carried out. Results. The research findings on the application of steel and composite reinforcement methods to improve the strength properties of stone products revealed that the use of composite reinforcement consistently increases deformation under higher loads, indicating better control of plastic deformation compared to steel reinforcement. However, the ultimate strength and load-bearing capacity of specimens reinforced with composite reinforcement are lower than those reinforced with steel reinforcement. Scientific novelty lies in the systematic analysis and comparison of the effectiveness of different types of reinforcement in enhancing the strength characteristics of products made of natural stone, as well as in the development of methodology and experimental procedures for determining force parameters. The obtained results indicate the potential of composite reinforcement for controlled plastic deformation and establish limitations regarding ultimate strength and load-bearing capacity. Practical significance of the research lies in providing recommendations and information that can be utilized by designers, engineers, and construction professionals in the manufacturing of products made of natural stone, as well as in the planning and implementation of construction projects involving natural stone.

3-D flower-like templated LDH-rGO as coating additive for flame retardant products

Construction of multi-component heterostructures as a flame retardant reinforcer within a polymer is a favorable option to realize the synergistic effects between different types of reinforcers. However, it is difficult to improve polymer flame retardance as the poor compatibility of retardants with polymer matrix can lead to low dispersion. Herein, 3-D flower-like templated layered double hydroxides (LDH) and graphene (rGO) were prepared on the surface of a caprolactam-modified casein micelle template for integration with casein latex based on a blending-casting method. Temp@LDH-rGO hardly affected the stability of the casein-based latex, as its casein-based composite latex was used as a leather surface coating. The limiting oxygen index of finished leather increased up to 27.4% when casein-based 4% Temp@LDH-rGO composite latex was applied for leather finishing. In contrast, its heat release rate and smoke production rate were lowered to 55.686 kW/m2 and 2.239 m−2 s−1, respectively. According to the combustion analysis, the leather samples finished by casein-based Temp@LDH-rGO latex exhibited significant improvement in flame retardant and smoke suppression performance. The casein-based Temp@LDH-rGO composite latex has thus been demonstrated as a highly effective option for functional coatings in diverse fields (e.g., automobile interior decoration, furniture manufacturing, and firefighting equipment).

Machinability Studies on Hybrid Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites

Hybrid metal matrix composites are new invention in material science and Engineering. The hybrid metal matrix composites (Hybrid MMC’s) generally consist of two or more reinforcements in it. These hybrid MMC’s have several benefits over the single reinforcement. The presence of reinforcements in it exhibits improved mechanical, tribological and machinability properties. Aluminium-based MMC’s have made attention in recent years as engineering materials. But in some Aluminium-based MMC’s the use of single reinforcement may sometimes lead to weakening in its physical properties. Conversely, to overcome the problem of single reinforced composites, the idea of the use of two different types of reinforcements is being explored in the Aluminium matrix. In the hybrid MMC’s, generally one of the reinforcements will be a hard phase and the other reinforcement being a soft lubricating phase. Hard reinforcements such as TiO2, Al2O3, SiC, etc. will improve the hardness and abrasive wear resistance of Aluminium but it has a negative effect on the machinability of Aluminium. To balance these effects, reinforcements like graphite which is a solid lubricant can be dispersed in Aluminium along with hard reinforcements. In the present study, the paper reviews on the effect of processing techniques, effect of reinforcement and effect of machining parameters on the machinability of hybrid aluminium metal matrix composites.