Different Types Of Plagiarism Research Articles

Detecting Source Code Plagiarism in Student Assignment Submissions Using Clustering Techniques

In pragmatic courses, graduate students are required to submit programming assignments, which have been susceptible to various forms of plagiarism. Detecting counterfeited code in an academic setting is of paramount importance, given the prevalence of publications and papers. Plagiarism, defined as the unauthorized replication of written work without proper acknowledgment, has become a critical concern with the advent of information and communication technology (ICT) and the widespread availability of scholarly publications online. However, the extensive use of freeware text editors has posed challenges in detecting source code plagiarism. Numerous studies have investigated algorithms for revealing different types of plagiarism and detecting source code plagiarism. In this research, we propose an innovative strategy that combines TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) modifications with K-means clustering, achieving a remarkable precision rate of 99.2%. Additionally, we explore the hierarchical clustering method, which estimates an even higher precision rate of 99.5% compared to previous techniques. To implement our approach, we utilize the Python programming language along with relevant libraries, providing a robust and efficient system for source code plagiarism detection in student assignment submissions.

Avoiding plagiarism in higher education: legal interpretation and controversies

Plagiarism and copyright infringement are intrinsically connected. The paper examines EU law in this area, depicts different types of plagiarism and copyright offences as well as different types of penalties. The focus is on higher education plagiarism and the use of several types of anti-plagiarism software to tackle that problem. Several controversies have been examined and recommendations offered on avoiding some of the common problems.

The Cultural Context of Plagiarism and Research Misconduct in the Asian Region.

Plagiarism is one of the most frequent forms of research misconduct in South and East Asian countries. This narrative review examines the factors contributing to research misconduct, emphasizing plagiarism, particularly in South, East and Southeast Asian countries. We conducted a PubMed and Scopus search using the terms plagiarism, Asia, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, research misconduct and retractions in January of 2022. Articles with missing abstracts, incomplete information about plagiarism, publication dates before 2010, and those unrelated to South, East, and Southeast Asian countries were excluded. The retraction watch database was searched for articles retracted between 9th January 2020 to 9th January 2022. A total of 159 articles were identified, of which 21 were included in the study using the database search criteria mentioned above. The review of articles identified a lack of training in scientific writing and research ethics, publication pressure, permissive attitudes, and inadequate regulatory measures as the primary reasons behind research misconduct in scientific publications. Plagiarism remains a common cause of unethical publications and retractions in regions of Asia (namely South, East and Southeast). Researchers lack training in scientific writing, and substantial gaps exist in understanding various forms of plagiarism, which heavily contribute to the problem. There is an urgent need to foster high research ethics standards and adhere to journal policies. Providing appropriate training in scientific writing among researchers may help improve the knowledge of different types of plagiarism and promote the use of antiplagiarism software, leading to a substantial reduction in the problem.

Role of information professionals in alleviating student plagiarism for academic integrity in Kenyan universities:

Academic integrity is the commitment and demonstration of honest and moral behavior in an academic setting. This is most relevant at the university level as it relates to providing credit to other people when using their ideas. In simplest terms, it requires acknowledging the contribution of other people. Plagiarism is the act of taking someones else’s work and passing them off as your own. Student plagiarism is a known problem facing universities around the world. Plagiarism is perceived to be a growing problem and universities are being required to devote increasing time and resources to combating it. This fraud behaviour of students in universities is great concern today. As result of explosion of plagiarism among university students, many universities in developed countries have been using technologies to combating deceitful plagiarism behaviour of students. As information literacy experts, information professionals are especially suited to take the lead in educating students about plagiarism and promoting academic integrity. University Librarians working in Kenyan universities can develop information literacy programs to address the issue of student plagiarism. Through combining librarians knowledge of research and information literacy with subject heading, and integrating these skills into the curriculum, students will feel more empowered and competent in their academic assignments. This article will review different types of plagiarism practiced by Kenyan university students and how it affects the integrity of their academic work and how this norm can be alleviated. This study aims to conduct a review of literature on the role of information professionals in alleviating plagiarism in universities in Kenya with a view of suggesting possible solutions to the named problem.

Role of information professionals in alleviating student plagiarism for academic integrity in Kenyan universities: a review of literature

Academic integrity is the commitment and demonstration of honest and moral behavior in an academic setting. This is most relevant at the university level as it relates to providing credit to other people when using their ideas. In simplest terms, it requires acknowledging the contribution of other people. Plagiarism is the act of taking someone else’s work and passing them off as your own. Student plagiarism is a known problem facing universities around the world. Plagiarism is perceived to be a growing problem in Kenyan universities and these universities are being required to devote increasing time and resources to combating it. This fraud behaviour of students in Kenyan universities is of great concern today. As result of explosion of plagiarism among Kenyan university students, these universities have been using technologies to detect and combat deceitful plagiarism behaviour of students. As information literacy experts, information professionals are especially suited to take the lead in educating students about plagiarism and promoting academic integrity. Librarians working in Kenyan universities can develop information literacy programs to address the issue of student plagiarism. Through combining librarians knowledge of research and information literacy with subject heading, and integrating these skills into the curriculum, students will feel more empowered and competent in their academic assignments. This article will review literature on different types of plagiarism practiced by Kenyan university students and the factors that have necessitated this norm. The paper will also give recommendations on how information professionals can help in alleviating the plagiarism menace.

Perceptions and Attitudes Of The Academicians, Who Lecture Post-Graduate Accounting Courses, Against The Plagiarism Of The Students

Etik ihlallerden biri olan ve özellikle öğrenciler arasında sıklıkla rastlanılan bir durum olan intihal kavramı Türk Dil Kurumunun Genel Türkçe Sözlüğü’nde; “başkalarının yazılarından bölümler, dizeler alıp kendisininmiş gibi gösterme veya başkalarının konularını benimseyip değişik bir biçimde anlatma” olarak tanımlanmıştır. İntihale sebebiyet veren pek çok durum bulunmaktadır. İntihalin farklı türleri ve bir kişinin intihal yapabileceği farklı yollar vardır. Literatürde genellikle öğrenci intihaline yönelik araştırmalar öğrenci algılarına dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğretim üyelerinin intihal algılarını tespit etmeye yönelik çalışmalar ise sayıca daha azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye’nin farklı üniversitelerinde muhasebe alanında lisansüstü eğitim veren öğretim üyelerinin öğrenci intihallerine yönelik algılarını ve tutumlarını incelemektir. Bu araştırma, muhasebe alanında lisansüstü eğitim veren öğretim üyelerinin öğrenci intihaline yönelik algılarının ve tutumlarının incelenmesi, bu intihal sorunuyla mücadelede ele alınması gereken bazı noktalara dikkat çekecek olması ve öğrenci intihalini önlemeye yönelik olası çözüm önerilerini sunmayı hedeflemesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada ulaşılan veriler SPSS paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir ve elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır.

Plagiarism: All About How to Avoid

Plagiarism is a critical concern at all academic institutions nowadays. When someone uses the words/texts of another person without acknowledging them, it is wrong. He can be accused of plagiarism if he does not acknowledge the source of information. This article begins with an overview of plagiarism, examples of different types of plagiarism, penalties for plagiarists, and sheds light on how to avoid it by different strategies. Finally, it discusses the citation (in-text and references) style (APA) elaborately that is most widely used by universities /ISI/refereed journals.

¿Qué es plagio?

Esta guía tiene como objetivo brindar al docente/investigador conocimientos básicos acerca del plagio y el derecho de autor. Se mencionan los distintos tipos de plagio y la forma de evitarlo a través de la citación. Finalmente, se ofrece un listado de las principales normas o estilos de citas bibliográficas internacionalmente reconocidas y algunos ejemplos de programas gratuitos y de pago para detectar el plagio.

Automatic plagiarism detection in obfuscated text

Plagiarism is a serious problem in education, research, publishing and other fields. Automatic plagiarism detection systems are crucial for ensuring the integrity and genuineness of intellectual work. There are different types of plagiarism, such as copy–paste, obfuscation and translation. In particular, obfuscated text is one of the hardest types of plagiarism to detect. In this paper, we propose an automatic plagiarism detection system for obfuscated text based on a support vector machine classifier that exploits a set of lexical, syntactic and semantic features. We evaluated the performance of the proposed system on benchmark English and Arabic corpora made available by the PAN Workshop series: PAN 2012, PAN 2013, PAN 2014 and PAN@FIRE2015. We also compared the performance of our system to the performances of other systems that participated in the PAN competitions. The obtained results show that our system had the best performance in terms of the F-measure on the PAN 2012 and on the PAN@FIRE2015 obfuscated sub-corpora, was among the top four on the PAN 2013 corpus and was among the top two on the PAN 2014 corpus.

A New Online Plagiarism Detection System based on Deep Learning

The Plagiarism is an increasingly widespread and growing problem in the academic field. Several plagiarism techniques are used by fraudsters, ranging from a simple synonym replacement, sentence structure modification, to more complex method involving several types of transformation. Human based plagiarism detection is difficult, not accurate, and time-consuming process. In this paper we propose a plagiarism detection framework based on three deep learning models: Doc2vec, Siamese Long Short-term Memory (SLSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our system uses three layers: Preprocessing Layer including word embedding, Learning Layers and Detection Layer. To evaluate our system, we carried out a study on plagiarism detection tools from the academic field and make a comparison based on a set of features. Compared to other works, our approach performs a good accuracy of 98.33 % and can detect different types of plagiarism, enables to specify another dataset and supports to compare the document from an internet search.

Writing in your own voice: An intervention that reduces plagiarism and common writing problems in students' scientific writing

In many of our courses, particularly laboratory courses, students are expected to engage in scientific writing. Despite various efforts by other courses and library resources, as instructors we are often faced with the frustration of student plagiarism and related writing problems. Here, we describe a simple Writing in Your Own Voice intervention designed to help students become more aware of different types of plagiarism and writing problems, avoid those problems, and practice writing in their own voice. In this article, we will introduce the types of plagiarism and writing problems commonly encountered in our molecular biology laboratory course, the intervention, and the results of our study. From the evaluation of 365 student reports, we found the intervention resulted in nearly 50% fewer instances of plagiarism and common writing problems. We also observed significantly fewer instances of severe plagiarism (e.g. several sentences copied from an external source). In addition, we find that the effects last for several weeks after the students complete the intervention assignment. This assignment is particularly easy to implement and can be a very useful tool for teaching students how to write in their own voices. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):589-598, 2019.

ІДЕНТИФИКАЦІЯ ТЕКСТОВОГО ПЛАГІАТУ В АКАДЕМІЧНИХ ДОКУМЕНТАХ

Метою статті є аналіз найбільш розповсюджених технологій виявлення текстового плагіату. Результати. Про проблему плагіату у академічних документах свідчать дослідження, які проводяться в різних країнах, у тому числі в Україні. Для виявлення плагіату у наш час активно використовуються інформаційні технології. Складність задачі виявлення плагіату обумовлено тим, що існують різні види плагіату. У статті проаналізовано основні види академічного плагіату. Розглянуто найбільш відоме програмне забезпечення, яке дозволяє виявити фрагменти потенційного плагіату. Системи виявлення плагіату в академічних текстах постійно удосконалюються. Але не зважаючи на це, є деякі аспекти цих систем, які потребують доопрацювання або пошуку нових рішень. Основне завдання –створення системи, яка буде з достатнім відсотком вірогідності орієнтовна на виявлення усіх видів плагіату, тобто буде більш універсальною. Досліджено ознаки визначення авторського стилю для визначення плагіату. Проаналізовано два основні підходи до визначення текстового плагіату, визначені основні переваги і недоліки. Висновок. Основна увага на даному етапі приділяється пошуку текстового плагіату. Програмні засоби, які працюють на основі пошуку подібностей дають достатньо точні результати, але виділено ряд факторів та обмежень підходу з пошуку подібностей. З цієї причини активно проводяться дослідження інших підходів. Один з них – ідентифікація плагіату на основі авторського стилю написання роботи. Він ще практично не реалізований, але має потенційні можливості використання. Використання ефективних програмних засобів виявлення можливого плагіату сприятиме імплементації принципів академічної доброчесності в цілому, сприятиме підвищенню рівня якості освітнього та наукового процесів як в Україні, так і у всьому світі.

PLAGIARISM IN DISSERTATIONS

Introduction. Originality and independence is the first, absolute and general requirement to the content of dissertations, regardless of an academic degree and research direction. At the same time, recently a considerable fraction of different types of plagiarism have been found out in the Russian dissertation works. The aim is an analysis of the most frequent plagiarism in candidate and doctoral dissertations. Results. We consider the established practices in the evaluation of independence in academic works. Unethical use of someone else’s work and materials by the authors of dissertations include, in particular, copying from official documents and abstracts without acknowledgement the source and with no citation; replication of existing reviews and chapters from already defended dissertations; falsification by refreshing of outdated data with substituted dates, and or wordfor-word copy-pasting with substitution of the research object. The latter type of the plagiarism involving fraud in experimental and statistical data constitutes a special peril for the science and for the society in general. The primary principle for assessment of independence in dissertations has to be proper citing and referencing that should allow a reader to distinguish the author’s contribution from someone else’s text. Undocumented verbatim quotations in dissertations are inadmissible, whether the author claims scientific novelty or not. At that, it does not matter whether well-known or unique data are provided, and whether the source is protected by a copyright. Practical significance. The qualitative analysis of the factual material, based on the author’s observations, can serve as a starting point for the subsequent quantitative analysis of plagiarism in scientific texts.

Plagiarism in Arabic Criticism Heritage

The phenomenon of plagiarism has been commonly dealt with in Arabic criticism heritage,and many traditional Arab critics have written a specific part in their books covering this phenomenon under the title of "literary thefts". Literary thefts have been condemned in Arabic heritage as one poet takes some expressions or phrases from his predecessors, and such a tendency leads to the underestimation of the poet’s status. This phenomenon is called "citation" in Arabic rhetorics when the cited materials are extracted from the Glorious Qur'an or the Prophetic Traditions. This phenomenon has been given different names in Arabic heritage depending on the source of taken materials like sayings, poetry, etc.The phenomenon of plagiarism can be found in the poetic antithesis. Accordingly, plagiarism is the focus of this study. This study is organized around an introduction and three sections. Section one presents the concept of plagiarism from linguistic and terminological perspectivesa long with its history. Section two is limited to the different types of plagiarism in Arabic criticism heritage. Section three deals with the construction patterns of Arabic criticism heritage. Finally, conclusions are drawn out.

Managing plagiarism of South African Honours students: Does an intervention have any effect?

The aim of the study was to investigate whether an intervention to address post-graduate student plagiarism in an Honours programme in Human Resource Management at a South African university had an impact one year later. In a quasi-experimental design, the sample comprised 34 students in a control group and 70 students in two intervention groups. Student essays were examined for different types of plagiarism at two different times and compared by means of Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Findings indicate that students who were exposed to both parts of an intervention evidenced less plagiarism in their essays one year later than those who were exposed to only one part of the intervention or no intervention at all. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om vas te stel of ‘n intervensie om plagiaat van nagraadse studente in ‘n Honneursprogram in Menslike Hulpbronbestuur aan ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse universiteit aan te spreek, ‘n impak een jaar later het. Die steekproef van ‘n kwasi-eksperimentele ontwerp het uit 34 studente in ‘n kontrolegroep en 70 studente in twee intervensiegroepe bestaan. Opstelle van studente op twee verskillende tye geskryf is ondersoek vir verskillende tipes plagiaat wat met Wilcoxon Signed-Rank en Kruskal-Wallis toetse vergelyk was. Bevindinge dui daarop dat studente wat blootgestel is aan beide dele van ‘n intervensie ‘n jaar later minder plagiaat in hulle opstelle getoon as diegene wat blootgestel was aan net een deel van die intervensie of glad nie blootgestel aan die intervensie nie.

Stylometry Metrics Selection for Creating a Model for Evaluating the Writing Style of Authors According to Their Cultural Orientation

The present paper starts from a short introduction of the major aspects debated regarding plagiarism and author identification, along with the principles that are at the base of forming the property rights laws within the European community and the Anglo-American one. Regardless of the community involved, plagiarism is a form of using others research, as it is or modified, and presenting it as a personal creation. The terms of creativity and plagiarism are described in an antithesis analysis, reaching to the concept of originality, defined as a property that a creative research paper has when the ideas presented within in are different from the ones already published by different authors. A metric is implemented in order to obtain a measurable value in determining the level of originality of a paper. The main ways of testing a paper of plagiarism, intrinsic and external analysis, are described for choosing the proper methodology for determining originality of scientific papers. The research leads to the stylometric analysis, a field found at the crossroad of plagiarism, originality and author identification. This stylometric analysis is done within the intrinsic plagiarism detection and is formed on the bases of a number of metrics that describe unique a writing style of a specific author. The testing platform implies using a set of research papers written by European authors and extracting the values of eight writing style metrics. A clustering is applied and the best combination of metrics is resulted.Keywords: Stylometry, Plagiarism, Metrics, Clustering analysis, Cultural orientation(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionR esearches on the intellectual property rights face determining the level of originality of a research paper, in contract to the action of plagiarism which is defined as the full or partial ownership of ideas, expressions, methods or procedures and their presentation as a personal creation. In the AngloAmerican laws, the economic considerations and those that refer to public politics are prevailed in the elaboration and development of the property rights laws while, in the European point of view, the moral and civil arguments based the elaboration of the same laws.The legislative framework does not resolve identifying plagiarism and level of originality of a scientific work. The present paper aims to apply the legislative property rights in the context of publishing scientific research papers.In practice, there are different types of plagiarism, the most common being: copy-paste, paraphrase, plagiarism through translation in different languages, artistic plagiarism, ideas plagiarism, source code and not using the proper citations. Article [1] presents the fact that plagiarism through paraphrase is analyzed, reaching to a classification of the major known types, along with a testing using software detection of plagiarism at the level of percentage of correctness by identifying the paraphrase within a text document.The present paper is consisted in five chapters, starting from a short introduction of the major aspects debated, along with the principles that are at the base of forming the property rights laws within the European community and the Anglo-American one. Regardless of the community involved, plagiarism is a form of using others research, as it is or modified, and presenting it as a personal creation.Chapter 2 describes the terms of creativity and plagiarism in an antithesis analysis, reaching to the concept of originality, defined as a property that a creative research paper has when the ideas presented within in are different from the ones already published by different authors. A metric is implemented in order to obtain a measurable value in determining the level of originality of a paper. The main ways of testing a paper of plagiarism, intrinsic and external analysis, are described for choosing the proper methodology for determining originality of scientific papers. …

Broad Perspective on Plagiarism

Broad Perspective on Plagiarism

Understanding, Perception and Prevalence of Plagiarism among College Freshman Students of De La Salle Lipa, Philippines

The study investigated the relationship between understanding and prevalence of plagiarism, perceived seriousness and prevalence of plagiarism as well as understanding and perceived seriousness of plagiarism when college freshman students of De La Salle Lipa, Philippines were grouped according to academic disciplines. It was hypothesized in the study that as level of understanding and perceived seriousness of plagiarism increased the tendency to commit it decreased. An adopted self-report questionnaire which contained six scenarios covering the six different types of plagiarism was answered by the respondents. Though with low and negligible correlation, study revealed some trends on relationship between the students' understanding of plagiarism and its degree of seriousness as well as on students' understanding of plagiarism and frequency of its occurrence. Results of the study may be useful for enhancing current academic practices and for revisiting institutional policy on plagiarism.

Plagiarism in the academic context: A study of Iranian EFL learners

The present study was an attempt to shed light on the status of plagiarism in the Iranian academic context. It tried to survey the EFL learners’ perceptions of and reasons for different types of plagiarism. To this end, 132 EFL learners from different Iranian universities took part in the study. The data were collected through using a questionnaire specifically designed to gather information on plagiarism. The results indicated that plagiarism is quite common in the Iranian EFL context as different types of plagiarism are employed by the students. Many students were found not to have a negative attitude toward plagiarism. The results also indicated that gender, marital status and occupational status did not have a significant effect on plagiarism, whereas academic level, field of study, and age played a significant role in this regard.

GENIUS, ¿PLAGIO O CREATIVIDAD? APORTES PARA UNA DISCUSIÓN SOBRE LAS PRÁCTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS

INTRODUCCIÓN. El fenómeno del plagio es objeto de un intenso debate y reflexión en los círculos educativos y académicos. A pesar de percibirse su carácter casi “epidémico”, poca investigación y directivas claras se han producido para la enseñanza. Así este trabajo establece como su principal objetivo explorar las percepciones de los alumnos, sus comportamientos y motivaciones, así como sugerencias para evitar el plagio en el contexto educativo. MÉTODO. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 384 alumnos de la enseñanza secundaria y profesional portuguesa, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario sobre el plagio, un inventario sobre las abordajes al aprendizaje (Rosário y Paiva, 2008) y un inventario de las capacidades creativas (adaptado de Epstein, Schmidt y Warfel, 2008). RESULTADOS. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, la mayoría de los alumnos de la muestra refieren que el plagio es ilegal y considera un grave problema en la escuela, más del 40% copió trabajos de libros o el 60% de Internet, y más del 70% nunca fue capturado. Las principales causas de estos comportamientos se relacionan con i) la facilidad del acceso a la información, ii) la presión para conseguir buenas calificaciones, iii) la percepción de que no son capturados y iv) falta de interés por los temas. A través de estudios de correlación se observaron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre los diferentes tipos de plagio y las abordajes al aprendizaje, con los alumnos que plagian a presentar un enfoque más superficial al estudio, en la motivación y estrategias de estudio. Se encontraron también relaciones entre enfoque profundo y creatividad. DISCUSIÓN. Los datos se discuten considerando las implicaciones de los resultados, así como las sugerencias para la prevención del plagio que desafían las prácticas pedagógicas tradicionales.