Different Types Of Operations Research Articles

Current Challenges of International Legal Regulation of EAEU — China Partnership in Transport and Logistics

At the current stage of development of international relations, when factional trends in the foreign policy of such significant world leaders as the European Union and the United States are only gaining momentum, China has become the main strategic partner for Russia likewise for the EAEU. Due to the introduction of international sanctions against both China and Russia, reorientation of economic cooperation and, therefore, transportation and logistics routes to the East seems to be the most correct development paradigm. However, at the current level of development of science and technology, it is necessary to expand and intensify the formation of the array of international legal legislation to create an effective basis for legal regulation of the transport and logistics industry for the growth of synergistic effect of integration processes in the Eurasian space.Aim. To analyze various aspects of international legal regulation of the ways of integration of the EAEU and China in the transport and logistics sphere to increase the level of economic interaction between the partner countries.Tasks. It is proposed to consider the main trends in the formation of an array of international legal acts aimed at creating a basis for effective cooperation between China and the EAEU in the current geopolitical conditions, taking into account the need to develop advanced regulation of the introduction of digital technologies, including the development of logistics platforms, to create conditions for seamless cargo transportation in the Eurasian region.Methods. The study used formal-legal and comparative-legal methods, deduction, synthesis, induction, as well as abstraction and system method.Results. The necessity to develop unified regulatory requirements both in the sphere of technical operation of different types of transport and the creation of a regulatory framework for the development of conjugate EAEU-China transport and logistics digital infrastructure, providing seamless multimodal transportation to obtain a synergistic effect from the economic integration of the Eurasian region was substantiated.Conclusions. The comprehensive diagnosis of the effectiveness of international partnershop between the EAEU and China in transport and logistics proposed by the authors of the study will allow to adjust the existing strategy of interaction between the countries and increase the efficiency of Eurasian integration through the implementation of measures aimed at the development of seamless logistics.

Inverse problems for real principal type operators

abstract: We consider inverse boundary value problems for general real principal type differential operators. The first results state that the Cauchy data set uniquely determines the scattering relation of the operator and bicharacteristic ray transforms of lower order coefficients. We also give two different boundary determination methods for general operators, and prove global uniqueness results for determining coefficients in nonlinear real principal type equations. The article presents a unified approach for treating inverse boundary problems for transport and wave equations, and highlights the role of propagation of singularities in the solution of related inverse problems.

A Knee-Guided Evolutionary Algorithm for Multi-Objective Air Traffic Flow Management

Air traffic flow management plays a crucial role in efficient aviation. Most existing studies assume the flight speed as constant throughout the trip, leading to ineffective fixed-speed schedules. To address this issue, we propose a new problem model, which allows variable speed control to improve the flexibility and maneuverability of the management. In addition, we consider two conflicting objectives, which are minimizing the total flight delays and conflicts between flights, where the conflicts depend on the flight 4D trajectories (3D position plus time). To solve this new challenging problem, we propose a novel multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with new problem-specific individual representation and search operators. Specifically, the multi-chromosomes encoding scheme is designed to adapt to different types of operations. Then, to search the huge search space effectively, we develop a hybrid crossover operator that recombines the parents based on their flight routes. Furthermore, to balance the exploration and exploitation, we develop a new mutation strategy to utilize the heterogeneous search potential of different individuals. For exploitation, the knee individual in the Pareto front is improved by a new time shift operator for exploitation, and other non-dominated solutions are mutated by fixed-route mutation. For exploration, the dominated solutions are mutated randomly. To verify the effectiveness, we compare it with the real air traffic flow management schedules and the state-of-the-art algorithms on a range of real-world air traffic datasets. Extensive results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly outperform the baselines in generating safe and efficient 4D trajectories.

Localization operator and Weyl transform on reduced Heisenberg group with multidimensional center

In this article, we study two different types of operators, the localization operator and Weyl transform, on the reduced Heisenberg group with multidimensional centre G. The group G is a quotient group of non-isotropic Heisenberg group with multidimensional centre Hm by its centre subgroup. Firstly, we define the localization operator using a wavelet transform on G and obtain the product formula for the localization operators. Next, we define the Weyl transform associated to the Wigner transform on G with the operator-valued symbol. Finally, we have shown that the Weyl transform is not only a bounded operator but also a compact operator when the operator-valued symbol is in Lp, 1 ≤ p ≤ 2, and it is an unbounded operator when p > 2.

Frequency of Abdominal Wall Hernias: A Nigerian Hospital Experience

Introduction: Hernia is a very common condition in all populations, and its surgical operation constitutes a major workload for physicians worldwide. Although great numbers of these procedures are done in primary and secondary care settings as well as in private hospitals and as part of surgical missions to rural areas, a significant proportion is still present in tertiary centers. Aim: To review the pattern of external hernias operated upon in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, over a 10-year period. Methods: The theatre records were searched for all patients who underwent surgical operations for hernia in the period of 2005–2014. The data on patient demographics, indication for surgery, and procedure performed were retrieved. Results: A total of 902 patients underwent operations for different types of external hernias. The overall male/female ratio was 2.6:1. Operations for inguinal hernia were the most common, accounting for 72.9% (658) of the total. Ventral hernias constituted 25.1% (n=227) of the cases whereas 1.5% (n = 12) of patients had femoral hernia. One hundred and twelve patients (12.4%) had emergency surgery, of which 78 were for inguinal hernia. Mesh repair was started in 2009 and was utilized in 72 (8%) cases. Laparoscopic method of repair was used in only two patients. Conclusion: The pattern of operation for hernia in our center mirrors the experience in other local centers. Modern methods of repair are gaining ground.

Applying self-powered sensor and support vector machine in load energy consumption modeling and prediction of relational database

This study explores the analysis and modeling of energy consumption in the context of database workloads, aiming to develop an eco-friendly database management system (DBMS). It leverages vibration energy harvesting systems with self-sustaining wireless vibration sensors (WVSs) in combination with the least square support vector machine algorithm to establish an energy consumption model (ECM) for relational database workloads. Through experiments, the performance of self-sustaining WVS in providing power is validated, and the accuracy of the proposed ECM during the execution of Structured Query Language (SQL) statements is evaluated. The findings demonstrate that this approach can reliably predict the energy consumption of database workloads, with a maximum prediction error rate of 10% during SQL statement execution. Furthermore, the ECM developed for relational databases closely approximates actual energy consumption for query operations, with errors ranging from 1 to 4%. In most cases, the predictions are conservative, falling below the actual values. This finding underscores the high predictive accuracy of the ECM in anticipating relational database workloads and their associated energy consumption. Additionally, this paper delves into prediction accuracy under different types of operations and reveals that ECM excels in single-block read operations, outperforming multi-block read operations. ECM exhibits substantial accuracy in predicting energy consumption for SQL statements in sequential and random read modes, especially in specialized database management system environments, where the error rate for the sequential read model is lower. In comparison to alternative models, the proposed ECM offers superior precision. Furthermore, a noticeable correlation between model error and the volume of data processed by SQL statements is observed. In summary, the relational database ECM introduced in this paper provides accurate predictions of workload and database energy consumption, offering a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the development of eco-friendly DBMS.

Strong Differential Subordinations and Superordinations for Riemann–Liouville Fractional Integral of Extended q-Hypergeometric Function

The notions of strong differential subordination and its dual, strong differential superordination, have been introduced as extensions of the classical differential subordination and superordination concepts, respectively. The dual theories have developed nicely, and important results have been obtained involving different types of operators and certain hypergeometric functions. In this paper, quantum calculus and fractional calculus aspects are added to the study. The well-known q-hypergeometric function is given a form extended to fit the study concerning previously introduced classes of functions specific to strong differential subordination and superordination theories. Riemann–Liouville fractional integral of extended q-hypergeometric function is defined here, and it is involved in the investigation of strong differential subordinations and superordinations. The best dominants and the best subordinants are provided in the theorems that are proved for the strong differential subordinations and superordinations, respectively. For particular functions considered due to their remarkable geometric properties as best dominant or best subordinant, interesting corollaries are stated. The study is concluded by connecting the results obtained using the dual theories through sandwich-type theorems and corollaries.

Performance analysis of LogisticChain: A blockchain platform for maritime logistics

The application of blockchain and smart contracts has been widely acknowledged as essential in digitised logistics, offering improved traceability, transparency, and efficiency. However, concerns regarding performance and implementation limitations persist. To demonstrate the challenges regarding the performance and efficiency of blockchain in logistics use cases, this study presents a proof-of-concept model by leveraging the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network to emulate the shipping logistics process and illustrate the automated and self-executing nature of smart contracts and transactions among various logistics participants by implementing RAFT consensus mechanism. Utilizing Hyperledger Caliper, this study evaluates the performance by systematically adjusting parameters including the number of clients, the number of concurrent transactions, and transaction rates per second. Then nuanced variations in latency, send rate, and throughput are examined. Preliminary findings indicate significant performance impacts related to client numbers and transaction rates per second. When exceeding the processing capacity, the average latency of transactions experiences an exponential increase due to limited resources. Furthermore, different types of operations are compared, with Read operations exhibiting the lowest latency and Update operations displaying the highest latency due to the complex computations and validations involved. Lastly, the latency measures of the LogisticChain network between fixed-rate and linear-rate controllers are compared, highlighting lower latency with fixed-rate controllers. This research contributes to the advancement of knowledge in this field by developing open-source codes specifically tailored for maritime logistics use cases.

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Complications after Insertion by Surgeons, Radiologists, or Nephrologists.

The Advancing American Kidney Health Initiative aims to increase rates of utilization of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the United States. One of the first steps to PD is successful catheter placement, which can be performed by surgeons, interventional radiologists, or nephrologists. We examined the association between operator subspecialty and risk of needing a follow-up procedure in the first 90 days after initial PD catheter implantation. Overall, we found that 15.5% of catheters required revision, removal, or a second catheter placement within 90 days. The odds of requiring a follow-up procedure was 36% higher for interventional radiologists and 86% higher for interventional nephrologists compared with general surgeons. Further research is needed to understand how to optimize the function of catheters across different operator types. The US government has implemented incentives to increase the use of PD. Successful placement of PD catheters is an important step to increasing PD utilization rates. Our objective was to compare initial outcomes after PD catheter placement by different types of operators. We included PD-naïve patients insured by Medicare who had a PD catheter inserted between 2010 and 2019. We examined the association between specialty of the operator (general surgeon, vascular surgeon, interventional radiologist, or interventional nephrologist) and odds of needing a follow-up procedure, which we defined as catheter removal, replacement, or revision within 90 days of the initial procedure. Mixed logistic regression models clustered by operator were used to examine the association between operator type and outcomes. We included 46,973 patients treated by 5205 operators (71.1% general surgeons, 17.2% vascular surgeons, 9.7% interventional radiologists, 2.0% interventional nephrologists). 15.5% of patients required a follow-up procedure within 90 days of the initial insertion, of whom 2.9% had a second PD catheter implanted, 6.6% underwent PD catheter removal, and 5.9% had a PD catheter revision within 90 days of the initial insertion. In models adjusted for patient and operator characteristics, the odds of requiring a follow-up procedure within 90 days were highest for interventional nephrologists (HR, 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56 to 2.22) and interventional radiologists (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.58) followed by vascular surgeons (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.14) compared with general surgeons. The probability of needing a follow-up procedure after initial PD catheter placement varied by operator specialty and was higher for interventionalists and lowest for general surgeons.

Novel optimistic and pessimistic family of OWA operator with constant orness

In this paper, we present a novel representative of the existing family of ordered weighted aggregation (OWA) operators with constant orness (optimism/pessimism level). In other words, orness value of weight vectors generated using the proposed operator is independent of the total number of arguments. The proposed OWA operator is the operator that is based on the beta function. Two different types of operators have been proposed with respect to the level of optimism (“or-like”) and pessimism (“and-like”) each. In addition to that the proposed operators discussed here are bi-parametric and real-valued in nature in terms of their parameters. Hence, for a given orness value (optimism or pessimism), it provides an infinite number of weight vectors as the proposed operator's orness depends on the value of one of its parameters. These properties lead to lots of flexibility for the Decision-Maker (DM). Its comparison and advantages over other existing members of the OWA family with constant orness such as S-OWA operators have been elaborated. Also, the maximum Rényi entropy of the OWA (MRE-OWA) operator and the maximum Rényi entropy of the proposed OWA operator are compared and evaluated for a specified orness level. Several other important properties and applications of the family of the proposed operators have also been analyzed in detail.

Scattering properties of the nonlinear eigenvalue‐dependent Sturm‐Liouville equations with sign‐alternating weight and jump condition

This paper aims to investigate the scattering function and discrete spectrum of the impulsive Sturm‐Liouville type differential operator with a turning point and nonlinear eigenparameter‐dependent boundary condition. Using hyperbolic type representations of the fundamental solutions, the operator's discrete spectrum was constructed. We presented asymptotic equations for the fundamental solutions and the Jost function. Finally, we stated an example to demonstrate the paper's major points.

A Study Of Predicting Arrival Patterns Of Airport Passengers To The Counters On The Basis Of International Terminal

AI-based passenger arrival predictions to the processing points are essential to ensure efficient management of many intertwined operational processes in the airport ecosystem. For example, to be able to analyze the number of ground service personnel that will be required in the following hours, days in different parts of the airport and for different types of operations, it is essential to predict how many passengers will come to the airport in the following time zones. Moreover, density-driven intelligent energy management and dynamic price offering options in different services could only be generated with accurate passenger arrival predictions. Passenger arrivals can be detected with various technologies such as computer vision, IoT, lidar, and radar. However, passenger boarding pass printing event messages from the CUPPS solution, which is implemented in İzmir Adnan Menderes Airport International Terminal, is used as the data source in this study. Also, Linear regression, FEDOT, LSTM, and hybrid methods are configured and compared to predict passenger arrival counts to the counters of the international terminal in the specified time slots.

Stateful InREC: Stateful In-Network Real Number Computation With Recursive Functions

The current generation of Reconfigurable Match-Action Tables switches are highly programmable, able to support stateful operations and pipeline specifications using languages like P4. Nevertheless, these switches do not offer primitives to support real-valued operations on the data plane, thus requiring support from external servers or middle boxes to perform advanced operations. We introduce Stateful InREC, a system that extends the capabilities of programmable switches to support in-network real-valued operations using the IEEE half-precision floating point representation. Stateful InREC relies on decomposing real-valued functions into lookup tables taking into account the RMT model constraints to reach the right trade-off between accuracy and resource usage. It also supports state management for the computation of recursive function over time series. Stateful InREC prototype on Barefoot Tofino switches demonstrates the efficiency of Stateful InREC for in-network computation of different types of operations and its application for in-network logistic regression models used for classification problems. We also demonstrate the use of Stateful InREC to implement an ARIMA model on a Tofino switch for DDoS detection. Our evaluation of Stateful InREC shows that it is possible to implement complex in-network applications with high accuracy and low latency.

Escape from Parsimony of a Double-Cut-and-Join Genome Evolution Process.

We analyze models of genome evolution based on both restricted and unrestricted double-cut-and-join (DCJ) operations. Not only do our models allow different types of operations generated by DCJs (including reversals, translocations, transpositions, fissions, and fusions) to take different weights during the course of evolution, but they also let these weights fluctuate over time. We compare the number of operations along the evolutionary trajectory with the DCJ distance of the genome from its ancestor at each step, and determine at what point they diverge: the process escapes from parsimony. Adapting the method developed by Berestycki and Durrett, we approximate the number of cycles in the breakpoint graph of a random genome at time t and its ancestral genome by the number of tree components in a random graph (not necessarily an Erdös-Rényi one) constructed from the model of evolution. In both models, the process on a genome of size n is bound to its parsimonious estimate up to steps.

The problem of homogeneity of rail passenger delay compensation scheme rules in Great Britain: impacts on passenger engagement and operator revenues

A rail passenger delay compensation scheme operates in the EU and Great Britain. British travellers are eligible to claim 50% of fare for delays of more than 30 minutes and 100% for delays of over 1 hour. The scheme rules were chosen arbitrarily and are homogenous across all ticket types and journey lengths. This study quantifies the impact of combined differences in the nature of operation and passenger engagement levels on the scheme's revenue burden for British rail operators. Short, medium and long distance operators repay on average respectively 0.3%, 0.8% and 1.8% of their ticket revenues as the scheme's proportionate revenue burden increases with fares and delay lengths. Further research is needed to either explain the reasons behind the differing revenue impact on different types of operators or suggest how the scheme can be redesigned to take these differences into account.

GC/MS analiza otpadnih ulja i njihova karakterizacija

Waste oils are dangerous waste, because they can contain high concentrations of metals, hydrocarbons, PAHs, chlorinated compounds, phenols and other substances that come from additives and are created as a result of the operation of different types of engines. This type of waste can cause major problems and contamination of the environment, both soil and water, if they are not treated in the right way and they are wasted. Their identification and further characterization as hazardous waste according to the waste regulations of the Republic of Serbia - Rulebook on categories, testing and classification of waste ("Official Gazette of the RS" no. 56/2010, 93/2019, 39/2021) and Rulebook on the conditions, method and procedure of waste oil management ("Official Gazette of the RS", no. 71/2010). In this paper, GC/MS analysis of different types of waste oils (engine, hydraulic, machine, mineral non-chlorinated oil, synthetic oil) was performed. The obtained chromatograms were compared with the chromatogram of the standard (Dr. Ehrenstorfer) which contains the same ratio of diesel oil and mineral oil without additives. In this way, the analysis of the so-called "fingerprint" and characterization for different types of waste oils was performed, which is very important for comparison with analysis of oil in natural samples (water, soil) in order to determine the original source of pollution.

An Approach for the Assessment of Multi-National Companies Using a Multi-Attribute Decision Making Process Based on Interval Valued Spherical Fuzzy Maclaurin Symmetric Mean Operators

Many fuzzy concepts have been researched and described with uncertain information. Collecting data under uncertain information is a difficult task, especially when there is a difference between the opinions of experts. To deal with such situations, different types of operators have been introduced. This paper aims to develop the Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM) operator for the information in the shape of the interval-valued spherical fuzzy set (IVSFS). In this article, a family of aggregation operators (AOs) is proposed which consists of interval valued spherical fuzzy Maclaurin symmetric mean operator (IVSFMSM), interval valued spherical fuzzy weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVSFWMSM), interval valued spherical fuzzy dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVSFDMSM), and interval valued spherical fuzzy dual weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVSFDWMSM) operators. In this paper, we studied an elucidative example to discuss the evaluation of multi-national companies for the application of the proposed operator. Then the obtained results from the proposed operators are compared. The results obtained are graphed and tabulated for a better understanding.

Containerised Application Profiling and Classification Using Benchmarks

Along with the rise of cloud and edge computing has come a plethora of solutions that regard the deployment and operation of different types of applications in such environments. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) providers offer a number of different hardware solutions to facilitate the needs of the growing number of distributed applications. It is critical in this landscape to be able to navigate and discover the best-suited infrastructure solution for the applications, taking into account not only the cost of operation but also the quality of service (QoS) required for any given application. The proposed solution has two main research developments: (a) the creation and optimisation of multidimensional vectors that represent the hardware usage profiles of an application, and (b) the assimilation of a machine learning classification algorithm, in order to create a system that can create hardware-agnostic profiles of a vast variety of containerised applications in terms of nature and computational needs and classify them to known benchmarks. Given that benchmarks are widely used to evaluate a system’s hardware capabilities, having a system that can help select which benchmarks best correlate to a given application can help an IaaS provider make a more informed decision or recommendation on the hardware solution, not in a broad sense, but based on the needs of a specific application.

Some New Estimates for the Berezin Number of Hilbert Space Operators

In this paper, we have developed new estimates of some estimates involving the Berezin norm and Berezin number of bounded linear operators defined on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space HΩ. The uniqueness or novelty of this article consists of new estimates of Berezin numbers for different types of operators. These estimates improve the upper bounds of the Berezin numbers obtained by other similar papers. We give several upper bounds for berr(S*T), where T,S∈B(HΩ) and r≥1. We also present an estimation of ber2r∑i=1dTi where Ti∈B(HΩ), i=1,d¯ and r≥1. Some of the obtained inequalities represent improvements to earlier ones. In this work, the ideas and methodologies presented may serve as a starting point for future investigation in this field.

Hearing Evaluation Post Canal Wall-Up (CWU) Tympanoplasty on Patients with Safe Type Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Objective: Otitis media is a contagious inflammatory illness of the middle ear that might have a sudden onset and a complete resolution, or it can have a persistent presentation and long-term implications. Surgical treatment is available for all kinds of otitis media. Different types of operations include canal wall-up, canal wall-down, and their variations. The wall-up approach of the two canals with or without posterior tympanotomies, also known as tympanoplasty surgery, preserves the rear wall of the ear canal. Material and Methods: Hearing evaluation was conducted after canal wall-up tympanoplasty surgery at the outpatient clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia over a period of two years (2018-2019). Results: Two hundred and thirty-seven patients underwent from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. However, only 74 (31.2%) of them had complete medical records after surgery. Fifty-nine ears (79.7%) experienced a better hearing threshold, six ears (8.1%) did not improve, and nine ears (12.2%) deteriorated. The hearing threshold improvement was of a magnitude of 10.9 dB; before surgery, it was 56.6 dB, and after surgery, it became 45.6 dB. Conclusion: A 10.9-dB improvement in hearing threshold mean was observed among patients undergoing canal wall-up tympanoplasty, whereas the bone gap improvement between pre- and post-tympanoplasty was 6.9 dB.