Different Types Of Modalities Research Articles

Modality in Climate Change-Related Discourse by King Charles III

The article presents a corpus-based study that aims at establishing how modality is used in climate change-related discourse by King Charles III of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK). The study involved a corpus of speeches on the topic of climate change delivered by King Charles III from 2005 to 2023. The corpus was analysed in the computer software AntConc (Anthony) in order to compute the frequency of the occurrence of the central modal verbs. Thereafter, they were analysed qualitatively to establish the types of modality associated with them. The analysis revealed that climate change-related discourse by King Charles III was marked by a high frequency of the occurrence of the modal verbs will and can. Their frequency, pragmatic roles, and association with the different types of modality are further discussed in the article.

Category of learning modality in English texts

In the literature of linguistics, modality is a semantic category that expresses the attitude of the speaker to the content of his expression, the target designation of the speech, the relationship of the content of the expression with reality. The category of modality is a linguistic universal and stands out as one of the main categories of language. This article examines the category of modality, one of the most popular and interesting areas in modern English grammar. Different types of modality are defined, examples and features of working of modal words in English texts are given, detailed explanation is given to the presented usage examples. The relevance of the research is related to the necessity of a comprehensive review of the category of modality from the point of view of the theoretical grammar of the modern English language, the importance of systematizing modal words, and determining their status in linguistics.

68Ga Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Uptake in Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

We present the case of a 58-year-old man with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma who had a treatment history with different types of modalities. In the follow-up, the patient had rising calcitonin and CEA levels. Metastatic lymph nodes, liver, and bone metastases with varying degrees of uptake were detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). 68Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT was performed to explore whether the patient might have a chance for PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy, and increased PSMA expression was noted in most of the metastatic lesions, even some of which have higher PSMA uptake than 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE.

Cardiac biophysical detailed synergetic modality rendering and visible correlation.

The heart is a vital organ in the human body. Research and treatment for the heart have made remarkable progress, and the functional mechanisms of the heart have been simulated and rendered through the construction of relevant models. The current methods for rendering cardiac functional mechanisms only consider one type of modality, which means they cannot show how different types of modality, such as physical and physiological, work together. To realistically represent the three-dimensional synergetic biological modality of the heart, this paper proposes a WebGL-based cardiac synergetic modality rendering framework to visualize the cardiac physical volume data and present synergetic correspondence rendering of the cardiac electrophysiological modality. By constructing the biological detailed interactive histogram, users can implement local details rendering for the heart, which could reveal the cardiac biology details more clearly. We also present cardiac physical-physiological correlation visualization to explore cardiac biological association characteristics. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can provide favorable cardiac biological detailed synergetic modality rendering results in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency. Compared with existing methods, the framework can facilitate the study of the internal mechanism of the heart and subsequently deduce the process of initiation, development, and transformation from a healthy heart to an ill one, and thereby improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disorders.

Modal verbs as a means of expression in a literary text (based on the novel “Atemschaukel” (“The Swing of Breathing”) by H. Müller).

The article considers modal verbs in German as elements of the language system, which can act in a literary text not only as actualizers of different types of modality, but also as means of linguistic expressiveness. In the text of H. Müller’s novel “The Swing of Breathing” (Herta Müller “Atemschaukel”), we find the necessary prerequisites for the realization of the expressive potential of modal verbs. The corpus of examples demonstrates that the concentration of modal meanings in rather small parts of the text, the contact arrangement of markers of non-deictic and deictic modality, their combinatorial combination, the juxtaposition of the meanings of necessity, possibility, desirability or undesirability intensify the expressiveness of the content. With the help of the variable use of modal verbs, the author figuratively represents the situation of violence and coercion, which constitute the dominant meanings of the narrative.

ЛИНГВОКРЕАТИВНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ДИСКУРСОВ РАЗНОЙ МОДАЛЬНОСТИ

The article contains the results of a comparative study of linguistic creativity, carried out on the material of a screenplay and a film, representing discourses with different types of modality. The author has developed the criteria for selecting research material and an algorithm for its analysis by means of the method of parameterization of linguistic creativity. The research has established the elements of the text of the screenplay and the verbal system of the film, which are relevant and irrelevant for the study of linguistic creativity in these types of works. The data obtained reveal a variability in the use of linguocreative means in the screenplay and film, which is an important indicator of the text transformations produced. It is shown that the specificity of the linguocreative modeling of the screenplay and the film is determined by the difference in the activity of the lexical parameters of linguistic creativity that quantitatively prevail in both studied works. The method elaborated and the results obtained help to step further towards the goal of understanding the phenomena of linguistic and multimodal creativity.

Semantic Analysis of Modality in Siin Seereer

The present work is devoted to the semantic analysis of modality in Siin Seereer. The latter is an African language belonging to the West Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo family. It is a language through which the enunciator can express his/her ideas and point of views through the expression of modality. Thus, there are lots of operators used in Siin Seereer language to deal with modality (deontic, epistemic, dynamic, etc.). So, the article aims to highlight the different types of operators used to deal with modality, their grammatical categories, their formations and structures. In addition, the article will help understanding the functioning of Siin Seereer language in general and of the different types of modality, their relationships, their interdependency (if there is any) in particular. However, to find some results, field surveys, interviews and a lot of research will be done.

Epidemiological Study of Foot Injuries in the Practice of Sport Climbing.

Background. Climbing is a multidisciplinary sport, where the main objective is to reach the highest point of a rock wall or to reach the end of an established route. There are different types of modalities: sport climbing and traditional climbing. The risks and precautions taken with respect to this sport will directly affect the epidemiology of injuries related to its practice. The present study was designed to identify and characterize the most frequent injuries in the feet of climbers and to determine if there is a relationship between the injuries that appear and the time spent practicing the sport. Methods. A total of 53 people were collected, 32 men and 21 women, corresponding to the climbers of the FEXME (Extremadura Federation of Mountain and Climbing). To determine the diagnoses, exploratory tests, classified according to the variables to be studied, are carried out: inspection variables and questionnaire variables. Results. The average number of years of climbing was seven years, and the average number of hours of training per week was 6.6 h. Some type of alterations were presented in 70% of the respondents, and foot pain was present during climbing in 45% of the participants. The p-value showed a relationship between years of climbing and the occurrence of chronic foot injuries (p = 0.035), however, there is no relationship between the occurrence of injuries and chronological age. Conclusion. We can see that the most frequent injuries in the practice of climbing are claw toes, dermal alterations such as bursitis of the first toe and hallux limitus, followed by hallux valgus. Similarly, only a significant relationship was found between the number of years of climbing and the appearance of foot injuries.

A survey of multimodal deep generative models

Multimodal learning is a framework for building models that make predictions based on different types of modalities. Important challenges in multimodal learning are the inference of shared representations from arbitrary modalities and cross-modal generation via these representations; however, achieving this requires taking the heterogeneous nature of multimodal data into account. In recent years, deep generative models, i.e. generative models in which distributions are parameterized by deep neural networks, have attracted much attention, especially variational autoencoders, which are suitable for accomplishing the above challenges because they can consider heterogeneity and infer good representations of data. Therefore, various multimodal generative models based on variational autoencoders, called multimodal deep generative models, have been proposed in recent years. In this paper, we provide a categorized survey of studies on multimodal deep generative models.

Machine Learning-Based Automated Diagnostic Systems Developed for Heart Failure Prediction Using Different Types of Data Modalities: A Systematic Review and Future Directions.

One of the leading causes of deaths around the globe is heart disease. Heart is an organ that is responsible for the supply of blood to each part of the body. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) often lead to heart attack. Traditional medical procedures (angiography) for the diagnosis of heart disease have higher cost as well as serious health concerns. Therefore, researchers have developed various automated diagnostic systems based on machine learning (ML) and data mining techniques. ML-based automated diagnostic systems provide an affordable, efficient, and reliable solutions for heart disease detection. Various ML, data mining methods, and data modalities have been utilized in the past. Many previous review papers have presented systematic reviews based on one type of data modality. This study, therefore, targets systematic review of automated diagnosis for heart disease prediction based on different types of modalities, i.e., clinical feature-based data modality, images, and ECG. Moreover, this paper critically evaluates the previous methods and presents the limitations in these methods. Finally, the article provides some future research directions in the domain of automated heart disease detection based on machine learning and multiple of data modalities.

On the Relationship Between Modelling Practices and Interpretive Stances in Quantum Mechanics

The purpose of this article is to establish a connection between modelling practices and interpretive approaches in quantum mechanics, taking as a starting point the literature on scientific representation. Different types of modalities (epistemic, practical, conceptual and natural) play different roles in scientific representation. I postulate that the way theoretical structures are interpreted in this respect affects the way models are constructed. In quantum mechanics, this would be the case in particular of initial conditions and observables. I examine two formulations of quantum mechanics, the standard wave-function formulation and the consistent histories formulation, and show that they correspond to opposite stances, which confirms my approach. Finally, I examine possible strategies for deciding between these stances.

Modality Analysis on the Official Website of Indonesian Tourism

Tourism is believed as the primary motivation to improve the economy of a country. In order to attract some tourists to visit tourism destinations in Indonesia, The Ministry of Tourism establishes an official website to share the information regarding the tourism destinations, activities, and attractions. This study is conducted to observe how the official website of Indonesian tourism utilizes modality to present Indonesian tourism discourse. This paper analysed ten destination highlights of the website covering the areas of Medan, Raja Ampat, Bali, Banyuwangi, Bintan Island, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Bandung, Makassar, and Lombok through Discourse Analysis approach utilizing Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics. This paper found modality is used in the forms of probability, usuality, inclination, and obligation. Those different types of modality are employed to describe three domains of tourism discourse: itineraries and access, place to play, and authenticity. It is concluded that the government uses the website to ensure the readers’ being well informed of Indonesian tourism destinations and safety during their visit to Indonesia.

An Analysis of Mood and Modality in Workplace Discourse and the Impact of Power Differentials: Ramsay’s Kitchen Nightmares

This qualitative study examines the interpersonal meaning of Mood and modality, specifically within the context of workplace discourse, and the influence of power on communication strategies. Its focus is to investigate the Mood structures used by interlocuters and to understand how a speaker’s choice of Mood demonstrates various interpersonal meanings. In addition, the paper explores the concept of modality, assessing the different ways in which speakers communicate to express their attitudes and judgments by employing the grammatical resources of modalization (probability) and modulation (inclination and obligation). Data were collected from an episode of Ramsay’s Kitchen Nightmares, a popular television series filmed in the U.S., in which Gordon Ramsay, a well-known professional chef, visits failing restaurant establishments. The data were transcribed verbatim before being analyzed to identify the use of Mood structures and modality, as well as whether the speakers’ power levels and social roles influenced their use of language. The results showed that interlocutors with a higher level of power, i.e., superiors in the work setting, typically used different Mood structures of the clause and different types of modality compared to those with less power, i.e., subordinates. These findings indicate that those in power play the role of instruction-givers, while those with less power are instruction-receivers. Interlocutors who are in power appear to have more opportunities to express their attitudes and judgments than their subordinates. As a result, they can influence workplace and business communication by making it more or less formal.

Correlation Between Oncotype DX, PREDICT and the Nottingham Prognostic Index: Implications for the Management of Early Breast Cancer.

IntroductionBreast cancer remains the most common cancer diagnosis in the UK. The current clinical practice utilises two different types of modalities to estimate the prognosis, risk of recurrence and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy treatment in patients with early breast cancer. The first set of modalities includes risk calculators based on clinicopathological features, e.g. PREDICT or the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI); the second includes genetic profiling of tumour tissue using Oncotype DX (ODX; Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA) testing. PREDICT, NPI and ODX stratify breast cancers into high-, intermediate- and low-risk categories to help guide adjuvant chemotherapy treatment decisions. This study compares PREDICT, NPI and ODX Recurrence Scores (RS), with the aim of assessing 1) the correlation between the RS for PREDICT, NPI and ODX and 2) whether early breast cancer patients are stratified into similar risk categories by all three modalities.MethodsThis retrospective study included early breast cancer patients treated at a National Health Service (NHS) hospital over a 12-month period (October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018). Inclusion criteria: consecutive patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative and lymph node-negative breast cancer. All patients were discussed at the local multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting and underwent ODX testing. Exclusion criteria: patients without ODX test scores; patients with an in-breast recurrence; patients who did not undergo a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB); and patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) only. NPI and PREDICT scores were calculated for each patient using online tools, and ODX data was obtained through Genomic Health and MDT records. Patients were risk-stratified into high, intermediate and low risk of recurrence groups based on their PREDICT, NPI and ODX scores. The thresholds for risk stratification were based on current practice, which is evidence-based. Correlations between PREDICT, NPI and ODX scores were analysed using Spearman's correlation coefficient.ResultsForty-six patients (mean age: 56 years), with a total of 57 early breast cancers, underwent ODX testing. Risk categories generated by PREDICT very strongly correlated with NPI for all patients (r=0.92; P<0.0001). However, the RS generated by ODX testing only strongly correlated for patients with low-risk PREDICT scores (r=0.51; P=0.0134), while no correlation between RS and PREDICT was observed for patients with intermediate- or high-risk PREDICT scores (r=-0.0064; P=0.9767). Similar results were seen between NPI and RS. Overall, only 19/46 (41.3%) patients had an RS which corresponded to PREDICT risk category, while 18/46 (39.1%) patients had an RS that indicated a higher risk of recurrence than PREDICT, and 9/46 (19.6%) patients had an RS indicating a lower risk of recurrence than PREDICT. Similar results were found when comparing RS and NPI.ConclusionThe risk of recurrence estimated by ODX in patients deemed low risk by PREDICT or NPI highly correlated, while no such correlation existed in patients with an estimated intermediate- or high-risk breast cancer. In PREDICT- or NPI-estimated intermediate- and high-risk patients, ODX provided valuable additional prognostic information to guide adjuvant treatment, while the potential avoidance of ODX testing in low-risk patients presents significant cost-savings.

An extensive review on spectral imaging in biometric systems: Challenges & advancements

Spectral imaging has recently gained traction for face recognition in biometric systems. We investigate the merits of spectral imaging for face recognition and the current challenges that hamper the widespread deployment of spectral sensors for face recognition. The reliability of conventional face recognition systems operating in the visible range is compromised by illumination changes, pose variations and spoof attacks. Recent works have reaped the benefits of spectral imaging to counter these limitations in surveillance activities (defence, airport security checks, etc.). However, the implementation of this technology for biometrics, is still in its infancy due to multiple reasons. We present an overview of the existing work in the domain of spectral imaging for face recognition, different types of modalities and their assessment, availability of public databases for sake of reproducible research as well as evaluation of algorithms, and recent advancements in the field, such as, the use of deep learning-based methods for recognizing faces from spectral images.

Des recommandations sur la prise en charge de la coxarthrose : lecture critique

Hip osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent and most debilitating musculoskeletal pathologies worldwide. Its management is quite complex and relies on multiple therapeutic modalities that must be chosen and associated by the treating physician, in order to build offer his patient the best care. This optimal treatment for hip osteoarthritis should be tailored to each single patient, but, no matter how diverse it can be, it must invariably rely on 3 different types of modalities which have to be mixed and matched in the best possible way. These 3 pillars on which the doctor will build his therapeutic strategy are the non-pharmacologic, the pharmacologic and the surgical treatment modalities. However, given the great diversity of available options, one might need to be guided through this process, and to rely on solid evidence. That's why many scientific societies have issued guidelines for the management of hip osteoarthritis, aiming to make it easier and consensual. However, although these recommendations have several similarities and share many domains, they also show some discrepancies and point to conflictual questions that remain unsolved. Indeed, numerous points still need to be elucidated, and solid proofs to be gathered in order to solve these issues. Optimal and unanimously recognized new recommendations would be developed based on novel therapies and recent techniques.

THE ROLE OF THE SPECIFICS OF SCHOOL INSTRUCTION IN RELATION TO MANIFESTATIONS OF SEMANTIC SENSORY ABILITIES AS MENTAL RESOURCES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODALITY

The article examines the manifestations of semantic sensory abilities of different types of modality: tactile, auditory, taste, olfactory and visual, among older teens who study at two schools with different pedagogical orientation: a school with in-depth study of foreign languages and a school "Health", emphasizing attention to the physical and patriotic education of youth. The study involved 37 ninth-graders of the senior adolescence (15 years). Methodological basis of the study was "Visual semantics". The results of the study showed that there is no difference in the degree of manifestation of sensory abilities of tactile, auditory, taste, olfactory and visual types in adolescents. It probably depends on the degree of differentiation of semantic abilities to a greater extent than from the educational environment. These results emphasize both the theoretical and practical novelty of the proposed approach in view of a number of factors. First of all, a new method for diagnosing semantic sensory abilities had been approved. Furthermore, - studying regression (Alexandrov et al., 2017) of semantic sensory abilities as a variant of mental development and adaptive application of human mental resources. Finally, - data on the absence of differences in the degree of expression of sensory semantic abilities of all types in older adolescents. The established facts increase our understanding of the most basic, low-differentiated component of the conceptual experience - semantic abilities and one of its manifestations-sensory sensations, directing factors of heterogeneity in the semantic constructions of older adolescents to research. Moreover, the study of manifestations of semantic sensory sensitivity in other age periods is of particular relevance, which will allow us to reveal the temporal dynamics of the development of this component of conceptual experience.

A Clinical study of Ayurvedic regime (Yogbasti,Yonidhavan, Peechu, and abhyantarchikitsa) in the patient of infertility due to unovulatary cycles – A pilot study.

Infertility is very common problem arising now a days due to changing lifestyle .according to Ayurveda , Rutu, Kshetra, Ambu, and Beeja are basic important things for garbhadharna and successful pregnancy. Amongst there beeja factor in femalesi.e ovulation contributes 15 to 25% and is the second common cause of infertility. &#x0D; ovulatory factor is an important subject in infertility among women,according about 40% cases over the past few decades modern medical science develop different types of modalities for infertility like Hormonal therapy, in- vitro fertilization embryo transfer, gammet intra fallopian transfer etc. but having limited success rate. Additionally their procedures have adverse effect on physical and mental health of couple plus they are costly. To overcome this inconvenience population is turning towards traditional mode of treatment i.e. Ayurveda.

Optimal Sequential Grouping for Robust Video Scene Detection Using Multiple Modalities

Video scene detection is the task of dividing a video into semantic sections. To perform this fundamental task, we propose a novel and effective method for temporal grouping of scenes using an arbitrary set of features computed from the video. We formulate the task of video scene detection as a generic optimization problem to optimally group shots into scenes, and propose an efficient procedure for solving the optimization problem based on a novel dynamic programming scheme. This unique formulation directly results in a temporally consistent segmentation, and has the advantage of being parameter-free, making it applicable across various domains. We provide detailed experimental results, showing that our algorithm outperforms current state-of-the-art methods. To assess the comprehensiveness of this method even further, we present experimental results testing different types of modalities and their applicability in this formulation.

(Non)epistemic modality: English must, have to and have got to and their correspondences in Lithuanian

This paper deals with the three types of modality – epistemic, deontic and dynamic. It examines the relation between the synchronic uses of the modal auxiliary must and the semi-modals have to and have got to as well as their Lithuanian translation correspondences (TCs) found in a bidirectional translation corpus. The study exploits quantitative and qualitative methods of research. The purpose is to find out which type of modality is most common in the use of must, have to and have got to; to establish their equivalents in Lithuanian in terms of congruent or non-congruent correspondence (Johansson 2007); and to determine how Lithuanian TCs (verbs or adverbials) correlate with different types of modality expressed. The analysis has shown that must is mostly used to convey epistemic nuances, while have to and have got to feature in non-epistemic environments. The findings show that must can boast of a great diversity of TCs. Some of them may serve as epistemic markers; others appear in deontic domains only. Have (got) to, on the other hand, is usually rendered by the modal verbs reikėti ‘need’ and turėti ‘must/have to’, which usually encode deontic modality.