Different Types Of Hyperlipidemia Research Articles

Maternal hypercholesterolemia would increase the incidence of embryo aneuploidy in couples with recurrent implantation failure

BackgroundThe association of dyslipidemia with embryo development and pregnancy outcomes is largely unknown, especially in unexplained recurrent implantation failure (uRIF) patients. Here, this study aimed to explore the impact of abnormal blood lipid levels on embryo genetic status and pregnancy outcomes after preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) from a clinical perspective.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 502 patients diagnosed as uRIF. They were divided into four groups according to the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride: nonhyperlipidemia group (NonH group), simple hypercholesterolemia group (SHC group), simple hypertriglyceridemia group (SHC group) and mixed hyperlipidemia group (MixH group). At the same time, patients were divided into non-low HDL-C group and low HDL-C group according to their HDL-C level. The outcomes of embryos genetic testing and pregnancy outcomes after PGT-A was analyzed between groups. Binary logistic regression and/or generalized estimating equation (GEE) model were conducted to investigate the association of different types of dyslipidemia with embryonic aneuploidy rate and cumulative live-birth rate.Results474 women who met the inclusion criteria were divided into four groups: NonH group (N = 349), SHC group (N = 55), SHT group (N = 52) and MixH group (N = 18). Compared with the NonH group, SHC group had a significantly increased rate of embryo aneuploidy [48.3% vs. 36.7%, P = 0.006; adjusted OR (95% confidence interval) = 1.52(1.04–2.22), P = 0.029], as well as a reduced number of good-quality embryos on day 5 or 6 [3.00 ± 2.29 vs. 3.74 ± 2.77, P = 0.033]. The SHC group showed a tendency of a lower cumulative live birth rate (47.0% vs. 40.0%), a lower incidence of good birth outcome (37.2% vs. 34.5%) and a higher risk of clinical pregnancy loss (11.1% vs. 17.9%), but did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). The incidences of obstetric or neonatal complications and other adverse events were similar in the four groups. Whether patients have low HDL-C did not differ in pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsWe found that uRIF women with hypercholesterolemia had an increased proportion of aneuploid embryos and a reduced proportion of high-quality embryos, while different types of hyperlipidemia had no correlation with cumulative live birth rate as well as pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

FAMILIAL DYSBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA (TYPE III HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA)

<strong>The aim of this work</strong> was to describe a series of cases of familial dysbetalipoproteinaemia (FD) - a rare recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. The study included 18 patients of both sexes, mean age was 42.4 years. Quantitative determination of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) was carried out by a unified enzymatic method, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - by a direct homogeneous method. The APOE gene rs7412 variant was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using adjacent samples and by melting reaction products after PCR. The frequency of FD according to DNA analysis among 367 patients with different types of hyperlipidemia was 4.9%. CHD was detected in 27.8% of patients. Different types of xanthomas were detected in 22.2% of patients. When comparing the initial lipid profile of patients with FD and those in the control group, significantly higher levels of TC, TG, state Budget-funded Institution National Medical Research center of cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation LDL-C and non-HDL-C were observed, while plasma HDL-C levels were significantly lower than in the control group. On lipid-lowering therapy (statin and/or fibrate), the average levels of TC, TG and non-HDL cholesterol decreased approximately 2 times from baseline (p<0.002), and LDL decreased 1.5 times (p<0.008). The goal level of non-HDL-C among patients with high cardiovascular risk (<2.6 mmol/l) during therapy was not achieved in anyone, and high risk (<3.4 mmol/l) was achieved only in 2 of 5 patients. The data obtained show that, despite the favorable changes in the lipid profile, many patients with FD on current therapy remain untreated; therefore, to increase the effectiveness of therapy, it is necessary to increase the dose of statin (in the absence of contraindications) and/or combine statins with fibrates.

Distribution of LDL subgroups in patients with hyperlipidemia.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) have been shown to be a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. Multiple distinct subspecies have been identified among LDL particles on the basis of differences in size, density, and chemical composition. Particles with a diameter of <25.5 nm are defined as small dense LDL (sdLDL) and have been shown to be associated with increased risk of coronary disease. Subjects with predominance of sdLDL (pattern B) tend to have higher levels of triglyceride (TG) and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In this study, we investigated the distribution of LDL subgroups in subjects with different types of hyperlipidemia, such as hypertriglyceridemia (hyperTG), hypercholesterolemia (hyperCHO), and combined hyperlipidemia (HL). We used gradient gel electrophoresis and a precipitation method with heparin-magnesium reagent to determine LDL subgroups. It was found that there was a significant (P < 0.02) association between the lipid panel and LDL subgroups. The percentage of sdLDL in all HL groups was higher than in controls, and the ratio of sdLDL was highest in patients with hyperTG. The predominance of sdLDL is closely related to hyperTG and low HDL-C levels.

Hypolipidemic and pleiotropic effects of a combination of simvastatin and ezetimibe in patients with different types of hyperlipidemia

The review considers trials dealing with the efficiency of combination hypolipidemic therapy with simvastatin and ezetimibe. Its synergistic potentiating effect can cause a considerable decrease in the level of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein, which are important participants in the atherogenic process. This effect promotes the achievement of hypolipidemic therapeutic goals in many cases when this cannot be attained by high-dose statin monotherapy. The authors consider the results of trials of combination hypolipidemic therapy with simvastatin and ezetimibe performed as basic ones done in both previous and recent years.

Effect of soybean leci-vita product on serum lipids and fatty acid composition in patients with elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels

The study was designed to examine the effects of soybean Leci-Vita, product rich in polyunsaturated phospholipids (with 7% lecithin, 17% soy protein) on serum lipids and serum and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid composition in patients with different types of hyperlipidemia. 106 patients with isolated hypertriglyceridemia (IHTG), combined hyperlipidemia (CHL) and isolated hypercholesterolemia (IHCH), aged 40-70 years, were given 20g of Leci-Vita powder as a water suspension in a single evening dose during the follow up period of 24 weeks. Patients kept their individual diet relatively constant. Treatment was associated with significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 18% and 35% respectively. LDL-cholesterol decreased 32% and HDL-cholesterol increased 10%. Our study shows a 38% decrease in LDL-cholesterol in CHL, 32% in IHCH and 8% in IHTG and 18% HDL-cholesterol increase in CHL patients. Triglyceride levels decreased in patients with IHTG and CHL 34% and 26% respectively. Our results show increase in PUFA/SFA ratio in serum phospholipids and increased PUFA n-6 in erythrocyte phospholipids that clearly reflects the dietary linoleic acid content in Leci-Vita. Added to a regular diet, soybean Leci-Vita product significantly reduced total and LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. HDL cholesterol was significantly increased and phospholipid fatty acid content was more favourable as a result of 24-week treatment.

Peripheral differential leukocyte counts in humans vary with hyperlipidemia, smoking, and body mass index.

Reports of diverse relationships between blood concentrations of different lipids and peripheral total leukocyte count, and a unique lower peripheral monocyte count in hypercholesterolemia, have driven us to think that in humans, peripheral differential leukocyte counts may be influenced differently by different types of hyperlipidemia. Our subjects were Taipei residents who attended a regular health check program in our hospital in 1998. A total of 3,282 subjects was enrolled, including 1,677 normolipidemic, 960 untreated borderline hyperlipidemic, and 645 untreated hyperlipidemic subjects. By one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we found that different types of hyperlipidemia were associated with significant differences in differential leukocyte counts. In hypertriglyceridemia, the total leukocyte count and counts of all leukocyte subtypes were significantly higher than those in normolipidemia. Pure hypercholesterolemia, by contrast, was associated with a significantly lower monocyte count and no significant difference in other leukocyte counts. By two-way ANOVA adjusted for presence and degree of hyperlipidemia, we found significantly higher counts of total leukocytes and of all leukocyte subtypes in smokers, and significantly positive trends in relationships between body mass index (BMI) and counts of all leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. By multivariate regression analysis including all subjects, the serum triglyceride (TG) level was positively correlated with total leukocyte count and counts of all subtypes except eosinophils. On the contrary, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol had a negative correlation with total leukocyte count and with counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils. In these multivariate regression analyses, there was no significant correlation between lipid levels and eosinophil count, whereas smoking was consistently associated with significantly higher counts of all leukocyte subtypes, including eosinophils. BMI had a significantly positive correlation with counts of all leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in patients with different types of hyperlipidemia

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in patients with different types of hyperlipidemia

Long-term Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of 4 Fat-Restricted Diets in Hypercholesterolemic and Combined Hyperlipidemic Men

The long-term effect of aggressively vs moderately fat-restricted diets has not been studied extensively in free-living subjects with different types of hyperlipidemia. To compare the cholesterol-lowering effects of 4 levels of dietary fat intake restriction after 1 year. Randomized, parallel, comparison trial. Male employees of a large industry. A total of 444 men had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels above the 75th age-specific percentile. Subjects with triglyceride (TG) levels less than the 75th age-specific percentile were defined as hypercholesterolemic (HC) and those with TG levels at or above the 75th age-specific percentile were defined as combined hyperlipidemic (CHL). Hypercholesterolemic subjects were randomized to diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 taught to contain 30%, 26%, 22%, and 18% fat, and the CHL subjects were randomized to diets 1, 2, and 3. All 4 diets were taught to subjects and spouses or partners in 8 weekly 2-hour classes. Plasma lipoprotein levels after 1 year. Fat intake after 1 year declined from a mean of 34% to 36% of energy to 27%, 26%, 25%, and 22% in the 4 HC diet groups and 28%, 26%, and 25% in the 3 CHL diet groups. Mean+/-SD percent LDL-C reductions were 5.3%+/-16.2%, 13.4%+/-12.6%, 8.4%+/-11.2%, and 13.0%+/-15.7% in the HC diet groups and 7.0%+/-16.2%, 2.8%+/-15.8%, and 4.6%+/-13.5% in the CHL diet groups (P<.01 in all but 1 instance). Apoprotein B levels decreased 8.6%, 10.7%, 4.3%, and 5.3% in the HC groups and 14.6%, 11.4%, and 9.9% in the CHL groups (P<.05-.01 in each instance). Triglyceride levels increased significantly in subjects following HC diets 3 and 4, 21.7% and 38.7% (P<.05 and .01), but not in any CHL subjects. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased 2.8% and 3.2% in subjects on HC diets 3 and 4, respectively (P<.05 in both cases). After 1 year, moderate restriction of dietary fat intake attains meaningful and sustained LDL-C reductions in HC subjects and apoprotein B reductions in both HC and CHL subjects. More extreme restriction of fat intake offers little further advantage in HC or CHL subjects and potentially undesirable effects in HC subjects.

Cholesterol content of peripheral blood lymphocytes: relationship to plasma cholesterol level in patients with different types of hyperlipidemia

Cholesterol content of peripheral blood lymphocytes: relationship to plasma cholesterol level in patients with different types of hyperlipidemia

Clinical and metabolic effects of pentaerythritol tetranicotinate (perycit ®) and a comparison with plain nicotinic acid

Perycit in a daily dose of 3 g lowers the cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in patients with different types of hyperlipidemia. Increasing the Perycitl ® dose up to 4.5 g causes a further decrease of the lipid levels. A comparison between Perycit ® and pure nicotinic acid showed that Perycit ® in doses up to 6 g is more effective in reducing elevated cholesterol levels. The reduction of the plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentration is explained by a decrease of VLD triglyceride and cholesterol concentration. The cholesterol concentration also decreased in the LD fraction but increased in the HD fraction. The K 2 of the i.v. fat tolerance was not significantly influenced by the Perycit ® treatment in the material studied and changes of the triglyceride concentration were not related to changes in K 2, suggesting that the mechanism of action of Perycit ® on the plasma lipids differs at least partly from that of pure nicotinic acid. As with nicotinic acid, elevated levels of transaminase and alkaline phosphatases were observed with Perycit ® but the increases were not related to the dose used or to the duration of the treatment. Perycit ®, in contrast to pure nicotinic acid, did not elevate the uric acid concentration in plasma.

Effect of treatment with nicotinic acid for one month on serum lipids in patients with different types of hyperlipidemia

Abstract The effect of 3 g of nicotinic acid daily for one month on fasting serum lipid levels was studied in 130 male and 58 female patients with different types of hyperlipoproteinemia. The best lipid-lowering response was obtained in patients with Type V hyperlipoproteinemia, where serum cholesterol and triglycerides were lowered by about 70 and 90% respectively, followed by Type III where the corresponding figures were 50 and 60%. In the remaining groups both cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced; the magnitude of the percentage reduction was most pronounced in patients with “severe” Type IV and Type IIB hyperlipoproteinemia, followed by “moderate” Type IV, “moderate” Type IIA and “severe” Type IIA. The least response was obtained in the group of patients having “normal” serum lipid levels, where the reduction of serum lipid levels was between 10 and 20%. Nicotinic acid reduces the levels of the following lipoprotein families: chylomicrons, very low density (pre-β) and low density (β) lipoproteins and “broad” (“floating”) β.

Serum and tissue lipid metabolism and effect of nicotinic acid in different types of hyperlipidemia.

It is necessary with the increasing use of drugs affecting lipid metabolism (DALM) to obtain a much more complete picture of the mode of action of all these drugs. Although it is obvious we would like to stress the fact that if we have two drugs which are equally effective in lowering a given plasma lipoprotein family, this does by no means imply that their effects on lipid metabolism are the same in other tissues, including the arterial wall.KeywordsAdipose TissueNicotinic AcidFree CholesterolIntravenous Glucose Tolerance TestLipoprotein PatternThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Net esterification in vitro of plasma cholesterol in human primary hyperlipidemia.

AbstractNet esterification of cholesterol was studied in vitro in the plasma of normal subjects and of patients with different types of hyperlipidemia. Net esterification of cholesterol was found to be significantly enhanced in types IIa, IV and V of human primary hyperlipidemia. In the plasma of all normal and hyperlipidemic subjects taken as a group, net esterification of cholesterol is significantly correlated with free cholesterol (p&lt;0.001) and with phosphatidyl choline (p&lt;0.001).