Different Types Of Foundations Research Articles

Influence of Soil Structure Interaction on Seismic Performance of Steel Structure Interaction with Different Types of Foundations and Soil

Soil Structure Interaction is the reaction of soil that influence the motion of the structure. During serve seismic events, the dynamic response of the structure is affected not only by the behavior of the superstructure but also by the nature and behavior of the soil present in and around the substructure. The steel structure design process usually assumes the base of the foundation to be completely restrained in a fixed base condition. In the present project the influence of soil structure interaction on the seismic performance of a steel space frame on different soil has been investigated. The multi-story steel building (G+7) with column to column spacing distance 5m and six number of columns having both X and Y direction of the structure, is designed to withstand self-weight and seismic loads. The study also examined the impact of earthquake loading on the steel structure with soil structure interaction using Response Spectrum Method and Time History Method for seismic zone III, with forces determined using IS 1893 (Part-3):2015. The study measured the displacement of steel structure with influences of soil under seismic forces. Comparison of seismic performance like maximum storey displacement, maximum storey drift and base shear along with soil structure interaction under different types of soil are presented in this project. This paper discusses the influences of the soil structure interaction on steel structure with various configuration and different types of foundations and soil.

Framed Building Response to Tunnelling on Different types of Foundations

Framed Building Response to Tunnelling on Different types of Foundations

Numerical analysis of pile group, piled raft, and footing using finite element software PLAXIS 2D and GEO5

Foundation plays a vital role in weight transfer from the superstructure to substructure. However, foundation characteristics such as pile group, piled raft, and footing remain unfolded due to their highly non-linear behaviour in different soil types. Bibliography analysis using VOSvierwer algorithm supported the significance of the research. Hence, this study investigates the load-bearing capacity of different types of foundations, including footings, pile groups, and piled rafts, by analyzing experimental data using finite element tools such as PLAXIS 2D and GEO5. The analysis involves examining the impact of various factors such as the influence of surcharge and the effect of different soil types on the load-bearing capabilities of the different types of foundation. For footing, parametric investigations using PLAXIS 2D are conducted to explore deformational changes. Pile groups are analyzed using GEO5 to assess their factor of safety (FOS.) and settling under various criteria, such as pile length and soil type. The study also provides insight into selecting the right type of foundation for civil engineering practice. Findings showed that different soil types have varying deformational behaviours under high loads with sandy soil having less horizontal deformation than clayey soil. Also, it was observed that increasing the pile thickness by 50% resulted in a reduction of 13.88% in settlement and an improvement of 16.66% in the FOS. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of professionalism, exceptional talent, and outstanding decision-making when assessing the load-bearing capabilities of various foundation types for building structures.

Effect of Core Geometry on Earth Dam Slope Stability

Embankment dams are widely constructed due to their suitability with different types of foundation, and it is constructed from the available material at the site. A zoned earth dam consists of a clay core at the center to control seepage supported by a shell. This paper investigated the impacts of side slopes, top width, and shape on upstream and downstream slope stability during different cases. Slide 6.0 software was used to evaluate the factor of safety of side slopes of an earth dam, and its result was validated. Different side slopes range from 0H:1V to 2 H:1V, and crest widths from 3m to 10 m were examined. In addition, for the slanting core case, several cases with varying angles of inclination were provided. The results indicated that by increasing the side slopes of the core, the factor of safety was reduced, especially in the steady state and rapid drawdown conditions. Increasing the top width also reduced the safety factor in the steady state condition. This reduction was because the core material had lower shear strength than the shell material. In addition, in a steady state and rapid drawdown conditions, the cohesion of core material sharply reduced. Compared with the vertical case, increasing the slanting core slopes influenced the slope stability insignificantly during the steady state. The slanting core had benefits in the steady state when the reservoir was full since, in this case, increasing core side slopes affected the slope stability insignificantly. The maximum core side slope in the earth dam and maximum top width, which insignificantly affected the dam’s slope stability, were 0.8:1 and 5 m, respectively.

Zdalne nauczanie jako trudne doświadczenie życiowe dzieci, rodziców i nauczycieli

Introduction: Distance learning is a difficult, even traumatic experience of children/students that has affected all aspects and spheres of their lives: learning, health, free time, as well as social and peer relationships. It also a difficult life experience of their parents and teachers. The article is theoretical and analytical in nature. Research Aim: The article aims at presenting distance learning as a difficult real-life situation for children/students, parents and teachers. Evidence-based Facts: Distance learning has affected psychophysical condition of students, which has been manifested by sadness, despondency, depression, suicides and excessive use of various types of stimulants. An attempt to describe the situations of students has become the basis for presenting various forms of support, those of institutional (governmental) and non-governmental in nature, including different types of foundations and associations whose statutory objectives comprise assistance to children in difficult situations during and after pandemic. Assistance and support apply to parents and teachers, as well. Summary: The article discusses suggestions for psychological and pedagogical support of children, teachers and parents that are essential for further psychophysical development of children and for their education.

Reaction loads analysis of floating offshore wind turbines: Methods and applications in the modal-based modeling framework

This paper investigates methods for reaction loads extraction in floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) within the modal-based aeroelastic modeling framework. Three methods belonging to two different principles (internal and external loads) are presented, where the two external load principle-based methods (‘AuxDOFs’ and ‘d’Alembert’) are rigorously developed for extracting 6-dimensional reactions loads at different cross sections. Verification and evaluation of the developed methods are performed using three different structural systems, as well as comparison with FAST. It is shown that ‘AuxDOFs’ and ‘d’Alembert’ methods are preferred over the internal load method due to the significantly improved accuracy and the ability to extract reactions in rigid substructures. Finally, the developed methods are applied to evaluate the influence of tower torsional degree of freedom (DOF) on FOWT loads for four different types of foundations, considering different load cases. Extensive simulation results indicate that neglecting the tower torsional DOF in the modal-based simulation tools can lead to underestimation of FOWT loads.

Stability Control of Slopes in Open-Pit Mines and Resilience Methods for Disaster Prevention in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Fushun West Open Pit Mine

During the century-long mining process of the Fushun west open pit, slope slippage and deformation caused varying degrees of horizontal deformation, uneven settlement, and ground cracks on the surface of the urban areas, which caused a certain degree of damage to buildings and infrastructure and affected the livings of residents in the surrounding communities. In this study, a set of building reinforcement and community resilience enhancement methods that can resist slope deformation was proposed to improve the ability of urban areas to cope with slope geological hazards and emergency response. The main research contents included: Firstly, this paper systematically analyzed the deformation mechanism of the dip sloping and the inverse dip sloping section of the open pit mine, which was based on the field measured data and simulation calculation results. In other words, the horizontal deformation of the stratum in the dip sloping section was dominant, while the stratum in the inverse dip sloping section was prone to ground cracks and uneven settlement. In view of this, three surface deformation characteristic subdivisions of the surrounding urban area were proposed. In addition, a study on the damage characteristics of buildings with different types of foundations and structures under the influence of side slope deformation were carried out, and the anti-deformation reinforcement measures for load-bearing members mainly based on steel fiber concrete, carbon fiber materials and profile steel were proposed. Finally, a three-level disaster emergency setting system for urban areas around open pit mine was established, and the disaster prevention and resilience enhancement strategy for build and unbuilt the communities around the side slopes was constructed. The study aims to provide technical support to the overall resilience and response of the urban communities adjacent to open-pit mine slopes against consequent geological hazards and emergencies, thereby promoting sustainable urban development.

Seismic soil–structure interaction analysis of wind turbine support structures using augmented complex mode superposition response spectrum method

Abstract. In this study, the seismic soil–structure interaction (SSI) of wind turbine support structures is investigated based on the complex mode superposition approach. For accurate and efficient estimation of seismic loadings on wind turbine support structures, an augmented complex mode superposition response spectrum method (RSM) is developed, where the maximum shear force and bending moment of the non-classically damped system are analytically derived. An empirical formula of the modal damping ratios with a threshold value for the allowable damping ratio is also proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of the shear force acting on the footing. Furthermore, additional loadings to consider the contribution of the mass moment of inertia of rotor and nacelle assembly and P−Δ effect to the bending moment on the tower are analytically derived. The proposed formulae are first demonstrated upon a 2 MW wind turbine supported by two different types of foundations. A parametric study is then carried out by changing the tower geometries and soil conditions to propose the threshold value for the allowable damping ratio.

Hazard considerations in the vulnerability assessment of offshore wind farms in seismic zones

AbstractOffshore wind power is increasingly becoming a mainstream energy source, and efforts are underway toward their construction in seismic zones. An offshore wind farm consists of generation assets (turbines) and transmission assets (substations and cables). Wind turbines are dynamically sensitive systems due to the proximity of their resonant frequency to that of loads considered in their analyses. Such farms are considered lifeline systems and need to remain operational even after large earthquakes. This study aims to discuss hazard considerations involved in the resilience assessment of offshore wind farms in seismic regions. The complexity of design increases with larger turbines installed in deeper waters, resulting in different types of foundations. In addition, Tsunami inundation is shown to be an important consideration for nearshore turbines.

Literature Study on Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey RC Frame with Different Types of Foundation

In the process of building earthquake-resistant structures and/or retrofitting vulnerable existing structures, seismic analysis is a method for estimating structural reaction. The problem is tough in principle. Because the structural response to big earthquakes is dynamic, nonlinear, and random. In structural engineering, all three features are exceptional, as most problems are (or can be effectively approximated as) static, linear, and predictable. Many existing RCC buildings in seismic zones are inadequate to withstand earthquakes due to rapid urbanization and the development of a high number of multi-story buildings. And also since different foundation types are adopted based on different structural, soil requirement, it is important to analyze the response of structure with different foundation types.

Comparative Analysis of Kazakhstani and European Design Specifications: Raft Foundation, Pile Foundation, and Piled Raft Foundation

The introduction of Eurocode in Kazakhstan allows for the application of modern technological innovations and the elimination of technical barriers for the realization of international projects. It is significant to study the international standards and design requirements provided in Eurocode. This study presents a comparative analysis of Kazakhstani and European approaches for the geotechnical design of foundations and provides the design methods in the considered codes of practice. Three different types of foundations (i.e., raft, pile, and piled raft foundations) were designed following SP RK 5.01-102-2013—Foundations of buildings and structures, SP RK 5.01-103-2013—Pile foundations, and Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design for the Nur-Sultan soil profile. For all three types of foundations, the calculated results of bearing resistance and elastic settlement showed the conservativeness of Eurocode over SNiP-based Kazakhstani building regulations, as the values of bearing resistance and elastic settlement adhering to Kazakhstani code exceeded the Eurocode values. The difference between the obtained results can be explained by the application of higher values of partial safety factors by Eurocode 7. Sensitivity analysis of the bearing resistance on foundation parameters (i.e., raft foundation width and pile length) for the Kazakhstani and European approaches was performed to support the conclusions of the study.

A feasibility study on construction methods of high voltage transmission towers’ foundations

Civil engineering projects deal with different risks over their life-cycle. Generally, risk sources are categorized into three types of cost, time, and project quality. The Modified Advanced Programmatic Risk Analysis Model (MAPRAM) is one of the leading approaches in this field that can assess the risks of the project on its whole life cycle. Electricity transmission lines have always been one of the most costly and time-consuming infrastructure projects. The costs of these projects play a significant role in a country's development budget. Given the considerable time and cost of constructing the foundations for power transmission towers, providing an economical design will significantly help in reducing duration and budget of these projects. In this study, using MAPRAM, first, different types of foundations of power transmission lines were studied; then the optimal foundations were introduced for a specific place as a case study, shaping a general framework to appoint the optimal foundation for power transmission lines in different areas. The foundations studied in this study included: pad & chimney foundation, auger foundation, steel grillage foundation, concrete piles, and helical piles. Initially, different types of foundations were designed, and then, the costs of each foundation in a whole life-cycle were estimated. Next, the risks and probability of their occurrence were identified for each type of foundation. Finally, the appropriate foundation was determined for the studied soil samples by performing an optimization process.

Strengthening Technologies of Different Types of Foundations in Buildings

Strengthening Technologies of Different Types of Foundations in Buildings

Soil Interaction Effect OnRc Building With Different Types Of Foundations

IJET International Journal of Engineering and Techniques call for research papers international engineering science journal.IJET publishes is a peer reviewed,open access international scientific journal.IJET is rapid publication of high quality original research articles as well as review articles in engineering.IJET indexed Mendeley (developed by elsevier , scopus), worldCat, sjifactor, indexcopernicus, citefactor, google scholar, researchbib.

THE WORD ABOUT THE FOUNDATION (OR THE FOUNDATION AS AN ANALOGUE OF THE SUPPORTS OF THE CREATIONS OF NATURE)

The foundations that serve together with the soils of the foundations of buildings and structures are directly or indirectly borrowed by Man from what was created in Nature - supports of her living and non-living creations: the feet of Man or animals, the roots of plants. Different types of foundations have their counterparts in nature. It is interesting to see how and why these or other forms of Supports appeared, their sizes, how they change, adapt to changes in the environment during the existence of the creation of Nature. And how a Man can use the finds of Nature in his activities in the design of foundations and even buildings and structures. Examples are a pillar foundation that can be cut from a person’s foot; slab foundation - paws of waterfowl; Pile foundation essentially has much in common with the legs of hoofed animals. The heat-insulated foundation can be compared with the paws of a polar bear, whose feet are “lined” with fur. Particular attention is paid to the root system of the tree, which can be considered an ideal foundation. The ability of various trees to adapt to the terrain on which it grows is an example of a possible approach to designing rational types of foundations. The principle of inclusion in the work under the loads of the soil surrounding the root system is implemented in the Tree. At the same time, the roots “reinforce” the surrounding soil, create from it a single system, which perceives the loads acting on the tree. Such an approach is implemented, for example, when constructing foundations or hardening soils using the geotechnogenic system.

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Renewable energies are the future, and offshore wind is undoubtedly one of the renewable energy sources for the future. Foundations of offshore wind turbines are essential for its right development. There are several types: monopiles, gravity-based structures, jackets, tripods, floating support, etc., being the first ones that are most used up to now. This manuscript begins with a review of the offshore wind power installed around the world and the exposition of the different types of foundations in the industry. For that, a database has been created, and all the data are being processed to be exposed in clear graphic summarizing the current use of the different foundation types, considering mainly distance to the coast and water depth. Later, the paper includes an analysis of the evolution and parameters of the design of monopiles, including wind turbine and monopile characteristics. Some monomials are considered in this specific analysis and also the soil type. So, a general view of the current state of monopile foundations is achieved, based on a database with the offshore wind farms in operation.

Dynamic systems for the analysis of the behavior of geosynthetics in railway engineering structures

While interacting with the elements of the engineering structures, geosynthetics can be treated as elastic membranes or shells placed on different types of foundation. Modeling of the real system takes into account the most important properties of the system and its elements. We will develop a physical and mathematical model in a form of generalized dynamic system. The mathematical description will use different operators leading to a continuous distributed system. The modeling will be further modified by development of discrete dynamic systems, which is enabled by the theory of generalized dynamic systems. This approach allows for the analysis of the problem with continuous and discrete signals. The results will show the response of the analyzed systems with analytic, numerical or hybrid methods.

Shouldn’t, Wouldn’t, Couldn’t? Analyzing the Involvement of Oligarchs’ Philanthropy Foundations in the Ukrainian Protests of 2013-14

This article analyzes the agency of wealthy businessmen-politicians’ philanthropy foundations during the Ukrainian Maidan protests of 2013-14 in which crowdfunding and grassroots mobilization constituted key distinctive features. As the role of these philanthropy foundations remains obscure, this article aims to bridge this gap in our knowledge of Ukrainian politics and society. The protesters strived to achieve social change and democratization similar to what was being purported by wealthy businessmen-politicians’ foundations during the years leading up to the protests. However, since the protesters specified one particular aim as “de-oligarchization,” the involvement of these organizations is puzzling. What did these foundations do at this critical point? To what extent can their actions or inactions be explained by the institutional and framework constraints of the foundations, the strategies of the wealthy businessmen-politicians behind the foundations, and the lack of the foundations’ legitimacy in the eyes of the civic sector activists? The analysis covers different types of foundation and is based on semi-structured interviews involving the foundations’ representatives, think-and-do tank analysts, and Maidan activists, over the years 2011 to 2017. The findings show that the organizational entities were largely directed by their respective founders. This indicates a dependence of the philanthropic organization on the political affiliation of the founder, rather than on the framed ambition of the foundation. Similar to the impact of philanthropic organizations in other institutional contexts, the impact of philanthropy foundations on the Maidan social movement proved marginal. Since oligarchs could not be invisible during the political turmoil, they tried to retain a position from which they could deny responsibility for specific actions. The logic of commitment compensation and the logic of flexibility advanced by Markus and Charnysh proved useful for analyzing the strategies of these businessmen-politicians.

Effect of settlement of foundations on the failure risk of the bottom of cylindrical steel vertical tanks for liquids

Abstract Different types of foundations are used in steel, above-ground cylindrical storage tanks for liquids. If a sand-gravel foundation is used under the entire bottom of the tank or only in the central part of the tank, settlement can be expected, and it increases after many years of operation. The paper presents the typical kinds and types of soil settlements under the bottoms of the tanks, in which different types of foundations were used. Numerical analyses of the effect of the soil settlement on the state of deformations and stresses in steel sheets of the bottom under one of the real tanks, in which different types of foundations and different cases of settlement were assumed. The results of numerical analyses indicated the possibility of evaluating the state of the soil settlement and bottom sheet deformations on the basis of simple measurements of deformations of the lower part of the tank cylinder. These measurements can be very useful in assessing the possible risk of failure of the tank bottom during each period of its operation, as measurements of settlement of the bottom of a filled tank are not feasible in practice. It has been proposed that in each steel tank, the deformation of the cylinder’s sheets should be measured even before the beginning of exploitation, and that in subsequent periodical measurements, the influence of the soil settlement under the tank on the state of the cylinder deformation and bottom’s strain should be assessed more accurately.

Analysis of the field monitoring data on soil movements and adjacent building settlement due to shield tunnelling

PurposeThe shield tunnels closely constructed near the foundations have an inevitable influence on the structures, even results in the large settlement or uplift of the structures.Design/methodology/approachThe comparison of structural deformation of three different foundations is presented based on the field monitoring data.FindingsShield tunnelling parameters vary for the different types of foundations. For the long pile foundations, the recommended speed is 3 to 4 cm/min, the grouting pressure is about 0.3 MPa and the grouting rate ranges from 150 to 180.Originality/valueThe study based on the field monitoring data is rarely reported, especially the topic about the structural deformation of different types of the foundations.