Different Types Of Donors Research Articles

Impact of spin-flip scattering on spin current and inverse Spin-Hall effect in silicon doped by bismuth, antimony or phosphorus

The influence of spin-flip scattering on the generation of spin currents in n-type silicon is studied. Doping of silicon by heavy donors, such as bismuth or antimony, leads to an additional spin scattering of conduction electrons on the impurity-induced spin-orbit potential. Based on the diffusion model and the theory of spin pumping spin current and inverse-spin-Hall effect voltage are considered for different types of donors with various concentrations and spin diffusion lengths. Calculations yield the dependence of the inverse spin-Hall effect signal on the parameters of bismuth-doped silicon layers and also explain the absence of such signal for silicon layers doped by phosphorus or antimony.

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in the Elderly Results in Similar Survival with Matched Related or Unrelated and Haploidentical Donors: A Report from the Société Francophone De Greffe De Moelle Et De Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM-TC)

Introduction Higher patient age is no longer considered to be a barrier for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We sought to study the impact of different types of donors on the outcomes of HCT in subjects aged 65 years (y) or more, and to evaluate the determinants of these outcomes. Methods SFGM-TC registry data on first HCTs performed between January 2013 and July 2021 in patients aged 65 y or more, with myeloablative or reduced-intensity conditioning, and a 10/10 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched sibling donor (MSD), matched unrelated donor (MUD) or haploidentical donor (HAP) were analyzed. Main exclusion criteria were: MSD/MUD-HCT performed without anti-T lymphocyte globulin (ATG), and HAP-HCT performed without post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY). Univariate analyses according to donor type, as well as multivariable analyses were performed. Results A total of 1176 patients met the eligibility criteria (215 MSD, 721 MUD, 240 HAP). Median follow-up was 2.8 y. In univariate analysis, there was no difference between donor types in terms of 3-y overall survival (OS: MSD 50%, MUD 49%, HAP 49%, p=0.52), progression-free survival (PFS: MSD 41%, MUD 45%, HAP 44%, p=0.51) and graft-versus-host disease-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS: MSD 34%, MUD 32%, HAP 35%, p=0.67). With MSD, the cumulative incidence of progression at 3 y was significantly higher at 47% (MUD 29%, HAP 29%, p<0.001), and non-relapse mortality (NRM) significantly lower at 12% (MUD 26%, HAP 27%, p<0.001). These MSD results were confirmed in multivariable analysis. Incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at 180 days was lower with MSD: grades II-IV 21% (MUD 35%, HAP 38%, p<0.001) and grade III-IV 8% (MUD 13%, HAP 15%, p=0.05). Incidence of chronic GVHD at 2 y was comparable between MSD, MUD and HAP transplants: moderate to severe 14%, 18% and 15%, respectively, and severe 5%, 6% and 5%, respectively. Conclusions In patients aged 65 y or more, MSD/MUD HCT performed with ATG and HAP HCT performed with PTCY yielded similar survival outcomes. MSD HCT is associated with a lower acute GVHD and NRM but a higher relapse risk. Reducing the toxicity of MUD and HAP HCT may yield better results than with MSD HCT in this population. Acknowledgements: Nicole Raus, Data manager coordinator, SFGM-TC. Viviane Fossat, Secretary, SFGM-TC.

NAT yield in blood donors: An observational study.

Individual donation nucleic acid testing (ID-NAT) is considered as highly sensitive technology for viral transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) in blood donors. The present study was aimed to analyze the results of ID-NAT with special reference to different types of donors, their age, gender, blood group ranges in a tertiary care center in north India. The present study was done from 24th June 2019 to 31st December 2021 in Blood Center, Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, SMS Hospital, Jaipur. A total of 18313 apparently healthy adult donors were included in present study. In 2019 Combined NAT yield was 1 in 754, in 2020 it was 1 in 2368 and in 2021 it was 1 in 741. With Total NAT yield was 1 in 1017 (0.09 %) over a period of study. NAT yield in HBV is 1 in 1077, in HCV 1 in 18313 and no NAT Yield in HIV. NAT testing for hepatitis B provides additional safety because ELISA does not pick up occult hepatitis. The non-seroconverting or delayed seroconverting disease is missed by ELISA alone and can be picked up by NAT.

Filling the “Decency Gap”? Donors’ Reaction to US Policy on International Family Planning Aid

Abstract The impact of US allocation of family planning aid on other donors is studied in order to gain new insights into donor interactions. Within this context, the dominant player in the sector is the United States, whose policies on family planning undergo changes influenced by domestic debates surrounding abortion. By utilizing the Mexico City Policy and considering exposure to this particular policy as an instrumental factor, it has been observed that other donors do not immediately react to policy changes made by the United States, either contemporaneously or within one year. However, a noticeable shift occurs after a two-year period, indicating that these donors eventually align their allocation strategies with those of the United States. Further analysis of this phenomenon reveals varying patterns among different types of donors. While smaller donors exhibit a clear intention to compensate for US policy changes, larger donors display a mix of competitive tendencies and herding behavior, thereby reinforcing the impact of the Mexico City Policy after the two-year time frame.

Bio-templated energy transfer system for constructing artificial light-harvesting antennae, white light generation, and photonic nanowires

Developing environmentally friendly, sustainable, and biocompatible artificial light-harvesting systems has become an essential area of research to understand natural light-harvesting processes involving multistep resonance energy transfer and building efficient energy conversion systems related to energy and optoelectronic applications. In this direction, bio-scaffolded artificial energy transfer systems for panchromatic light collection and sequential energy transfer have fascinated the scientific community. In this review, we have discussed what the dynamic structure and intrinsic physical properties of biomolecules like deoxyribonucleic acid, proteins, and peptides can provide for the development of new optical devices, sustainable and environmentally friendly white emitting materials, and cascaded energy transfer systems for energy harvesting from light. In doing so, we have highlighted some of the recent advances in bio-scaffolds as a platform for the assembly of different types of donor–acceptor chromophores involved in fluorescence energy transfer.

Whole intestinal microbiota transplantation is more effective than fecal microbiota transplantation in reducing the susceptibility of DSS-induced germ-free mice colitis.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging and effective therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous studies have reported that compared with FMT, whole intestinal microbiota transplantation (WIMT) can more precisely replicate the community structure and reduce the inflammatory response of the host. However, it remains unclear whether WIMT is more effective in alleviating IBD. To examine the efficacy of WIMT and FMT in the intervention of IBD, GF (Germ-free) BALB/c mice were pre-colonized with whole intestinal microbiota or fecal microbiota before being treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). As expected, the symptoms of colitis were alleviated by both WIMT and FMT, as demonstrated by the prevention of body weight loss and decreased the Disease activity index and histological scores in mice. However, WIMT's anti-inflammatory effect was superior to that of FMT. In addition, the inflammatory markers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase were dramatically downregulated by WIMT and FMT. Furthermore, the use of two different types of donors facilitated the regulation of cytokine homeostasis in colitis mice; the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the WIMT group was significantly lower than that in the FMT group, while the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly higher than that in the FMT group. Both groups showed enhanced expression of occludin to protect the intestinal barrier in comparison with the DSS group, and the WIMT group demonstrated considerably increased levels of ZO-1. The sequencing results showed that the WIMT group was highly enriched in Bifidobacterium, whereas the FMT group was significantly enriched in Lactobacillus and Ochrobactrum. Correlation analysis revealed that Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with TNF-α, whereas Ochrobactrum was positively correlated with MPO and negatively correlated with IL-10, which might be related to different efficacies. Functional prediction using PICRUSt2 revealed that the FMT group was considerably enriched in the L-arginine biosynthesis I and L-arginine biosynthesis IV pathway, whereas the WIMT group was enriched in the L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate pathway. In conclusion, the symptoms of colitis were subsided to varying degrees by the two different types of donors, with the WIMT group being more effective than the FMT group. This study provides new information on clinical interventions for IBD.

Theoretical study on the electronic properties of different types of the donor:acceptor complexes

Non-fullerene organic solar cells can be classified into four forms in line with the different types of donor (D) and acceptor (A) in the active layer: all-polymer (PD:PA), polymer D:small-molecule A (PD:MA), small-molecule D:polymer A (MD:PA), and all-small-molecule (MD:MA). On the basis of having studied the electronic properties of a large number of related monomer molecules and D:A complexes, this work constructed four groups of D:A molecular pairs as described above as examples to investigate their electronic properties with first-principles density functional theory. The results show that the absolute value of the average binding energy of the PD:PA complex D18:P(NDI2HD-T) is larger than others, indicating the structure is relatively more stable. In accordance of the Bader charge analysis, the intra-molecular charge transfer of small-molecule is greater than polymers. For these blends, the intermolecular charge transfer of the all-polymer pair D18:P(NDI2HD-T) is larger, revealing that the PD:PA pair may result in a stronger intermolecular dipole electric field, which is beneficial to facilitate the separation of excitons. In addition, the MD:MA pair DRTB-T:FDICTF-2Cl and the PD:MA complex D18:FDICTF-2Cl all exhibit a larger amount of intra-molecular charge transfer, which indicates that the small-molecule acceptors in D:A complexes are conducive to promoting intra-molecular charge transfer.

P3.01: Similar Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) Incidence Among Unrelated and Identical Sibling Donor Transplantation With the Use of Anti-thymocyte Globulin (ATG)

Introduction: GVHD is the main cause of morbidity and mortality associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with an incidence rate of 40-60%. Addition of ATG has shown to reduce its incidence. We report the GVHD outcomes with the use of ATG as part of the prophylaxis regimen in a group of patients (pts) undergoing HSCT. Methods: From March 2018 to June 2021 we conducted a prospective multicenter study including 95 consecutive pts.: 33 transplanted with an identical sibling donor (ISD), 33 with an HLA-matched unrelated donor(MUD) and 18 with an HLA 1 miss-matched donor (MMUD). Conditioning regimen was according to institutional protocol. GVHD prophylaxis included tacrolimus and methotrexate plus ATG (Timoglobulina®Sanofi) 2.25 mg/kg days -3 and -2. GVHD incidence, relapse and death were recorded. Acute GVHD (aGvHD) and chronicGVHD (cGVHD) were defined using Glucksberg criteria and NIH clinical grading respectively. Median and interquartile range (IQR) were used to describe non-parametric data, group comparison with X2, Kaplan Meyer curve and multi-sample log Rank test for survival analysis, considering a statistically significant p value of less than 0.05. Results: 42 pts were male and donors were female in 56% (n:54). Conditioning regimen was myeloablative in 81% (n:77). Median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 17 days (range 15-21) and 17 days (range 12-20) respectively. 6/95 pts presented graft failure. aGVHD incidence was 36% (n:34), grades I-II 19% (n:19) and III-IV 16% (n:15). Incidence of grades III-IV did not varied according to donor: 15% (n:7) for ISD, 9% (n:3) for MUD and 27% (n:5) for (X2 3.06, p0.21) Overall incidence of cGVHD was 23% MMUD (n:21): Grades mild 6% (n:6), moderate 11% (n:11) and severe 4% (n:4). According to donor type, severe cGVHD was 2% (n:1), 3% (n:1) and 11% (n:2) using ISD, MUD and MMUD respectively (X2 2.65, p0.26). At one year, 15/79 pts (19%) were under immunosuppressive treatment. Transplant related mortality at day 100 was 9% (n:9). Most frequent cause was sepsis (n:4). In 31 pts CMV reactivation was detected (more than one reactivation in 6 pts of which 5 had GVHD) and 7 reactivated EBV infection. None evolved to PTLD. Median follow-up time was 524 days (IQR 168-833). cGVHD–free and relapse-free survival (combined endpoint) at 1 year was 57% (n:54) of 79 evaluables patients. cGVHD and relapse free survival at 1 year was 48% for IDS (33-63%CI), 66% for MUD (47-81%CI) and 38% for MMUD (21-60%CI). No significant difference was found according to donor type (X2 4.98; p0.083). Conclusion: With the use of ATG no difference was observed in the incidence of aGVHD grades III-IV and severe cGvHD between the different types of donor. This results should be confirmed with a higher level of evidence study.

Incidence of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Related Biliary Complications in Liver Transplantation: Effect of Different Types of Donors

Liver transplantation from donors after circulatory death (DCD) is associated with considerable rates of primary nonfunction and ischemic-type biliary lesions. Compared with donation was after brain death (DBD), the biggest disadvantage of DCD is warm ischemia injury in the procurement stage. Donation after brain death followed by circulatory death (DBCD) is a unique practice in China. Such donors should donate according to the DCD procedure, that is, remove life support and donate after cardiac arrest. We retrospectively analyzed donor and recipient characteristics with preoperative and postoperative parameters according to 3 donation types to comprehensively describe incidence of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) related biliary complications among different donor type adult liver transplantation recipients. A total of 50 patients were included in this study (DBD group n=17, DCD group n=26, DBCD group n=7). Only 1 patient, whose donor type was DBCD was diagnosed with ischemic-type biliary lesions demonstrated cast and retrograde ascending cholangitis. Rates of primary graft non-function (DBD n=1, 5.9%; DCD n=2, 7.7%; DBCD, 0%; P=.546) were similar and total biliary complications (DBD n=1, 5.9%; DCD n=1, 3.8%; DBCD N=2, 28.6%; P=.042) were different. No differences were found regarding development of postreperfusion syndrome or coagulopathy in 3 groups. Compared with standard DBD donor, the clinical outcome of DCD donor liver transplantation was satisfactory, with no increase in the incidence of IRI, and, no difference in the incidence of ischemic bile duct complications. This work was carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Congress and the Declaration of Istanbul.

Shifting to a model of donor conception that entails a communication agreement among the parents, donor, and offspring

BackgroundSome persons conceived with donor gametes react negatively when they found their birth via donor conception. They request access to information about and seek to communicate with the donor. However, some countries mandate donor anonymity. Other countries allow donor-conceived persons to access donor information, but they can only use this access if their parents have disclosed donor conception to them. We investigated a thorny issue of donor conception: whether donor conception should be shifted from an anonymous basis to a non-anonymous basis.MethodsWe review the issues and concerns regarding donor conception. We then consider the impact of direct-to-consumer genetic testing on donor conception, as well as the influence of donor conception on offspring’s identity and the potential of different types of donors. To discuss the future policy of donor conception, the policies on the anonymity of gamete donors were investigated using publicly-available documents in 15 countries.ResultsThe aim of mandating donor anonymity is to protect the privacy of the donor and intended parents. However, the diffusion of direct-to-consumer genetic testing may make it impossible to maintain anonymity. Birth via donor conception shapes the offspring’s identity, and the donor may further influence the development of offspring’s identity through communications. It remains important to disclose donor conception to donor-conceived offspring and to provide them with donor information. However, that information might be insufficient for some donor-conceived persons. Here are benefits to having open-identity donors and known donors. Such donors can make an agreement with the parents regarding future communication with the offspring, although both sides should respect privacy. Subsequent counseling for all parties involved can result in better tripartite communication agreements.ConclusionsIn sum, ethical and practical issues that complicate donor anonymity are driving a shift to non-anonymous donor conception, in which all parties come to a communication agreement. To pave the way for such a donor conception system, transitional measures can be put into place. For countries that already adopted non-anonymous donor conception, ensuring the communication agreements is important to protect the rights of parents, donor, and offspring.

Early Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of High-Risk Infant Leukemia

INTRODUCTIONAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are rare diseases in children less than one and two years old respectively. Infant ALL and AML demonstrates unique biological characteristics associated with aggressive clinical features, i.e. high frequency of KMT2A gene rearrangements, poor response to standard chemotherapy, and thus worse prognosis compared to older children. These patients (pts) are at high risk (HR). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for HR infant leukemia especially in 1 st CR, but proportion of these patients unable to undergo allo-HSCT due to early events, mainly relapse or treatment-related toxicity during initial therapy. We investigated the role of early allo-HSCT from different types of donors. The primary end points were overall survival (OS), transplant-relate mortality (TRM), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) free, relapse-free survival (GRFS). Secondary end points included neutrophil engraftment and acute and chronic GVHD. MethodsWe included 50 infants with HR ALL (n=10, of with MLLr+ n=6) and AML (n=40, of with MLLr+ n=14) in CR 1. Median age at allo-HSCT 12,5 months old (range from 4 m.o. till 35 m.o.). Median time from diagnosis to allo-HSCT was 9 months (range from 3 till 21). Donor of SCT was: MSD-10% (n=5), MUD-46% (n=23), Haplo-44% (n=22). Majority of patients, 86% received MAC based on busulfan 12-16mg/kg (n=43, including IV busulfan-20pts), 14% (n=7) received RIC based on melphalan 140 mg/m 2. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of PTCy±CNI and m-TOR inhibitor in 62% (n=31), seroprophylaxis±CNI in 38% (n=19). Median follow-up was 64,3 months (range 1-220). Patient data were censored at the time of death or last follow-up. Probabilities of OS and GRFS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. TRM was defined as any death that occurred in the absence of disease relapse; relapse was a competing risk for this event. ResultsEngraftment rate was 82%. Cumulative incidences by day 100 of TRM in Haplo were 2% vs 4% in MSD+MUD (р=0,9). Ten-year rates OS in Haplo and MSD+MUD were 77,3% (±4,7%) vs 78,6% (±9%) respectively (p=0,73). Ten-year GRFS did not differ between two study cohorts being 50% vs 57% for Haplo and MSD+MUD (p=0,76). Clinically significant aGVHD (grades 2-4) after allo-HSCT was observed in 27% (n=6) Haplo and 32% (n=9) MSD+MUD (p=0,77). A total of 12% (n = 6) patients developed severe cGVHD. ConclusionsEarly allogeneic HSCT in 1 st CR from different types of donors, including haploidentical is associated with favorable outcomes in infant acute leukemias. This approach should be evaluated in further controlled clinical studies. DisclosuresKulagin: X4 Pharmaceuticals, Alexion, Apellis, Biocad: Research Funding; Novartis, Generium, Sanofi, Roche, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer: Speakers Bureau.

The effect of different types of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation donors in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia during tyrosine kinase inhibitors era: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

e19022 Background: Matched donor (MD) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is currently the preferred choice of treatment in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) who achieve complete remission. However, the unavailability of the appropriate donor remains a problem for a large group of patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the effect of allo-HSCT from different types of the donor in Ph+ ALL patients who received tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Methods: Studies from EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were identified from inception to December 2020 using search terms related to “Ph+ ALL” and “HSCT.” Eligible studies must be either randomized controlled trials or cohort studies with Ph+ ALL patients who received a TKI and allo-HSCT. The primary outcome of interest, consisting of overall survival (OS) or relapse-free survival (RFS), must be reported as the number of patients in each donor type. The Hantel-Maenszel method was implemented for combining effect estimates and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) from each. Results: Thirteen cohort studies were included for the meta-analysis. Haploidentical (HID)-HSCT for Ph+ ALL patients resulted in superior RFS than MD-HSCT with pooled odds ratio (OR) 1.64 (95%CI, 1.07–2.53; I2=0%) while had comparable OS (pooled OR 1.11 (95%CI, 0.74–1.69; I2=0%). Although HID-HSCT had significantly less relapse rate compared to the other group (pooled OR 0.53; 95%CI, 0.33–0.86; I2=0%), it also carried increased risks of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (pooled OR of acute GVHD rate 2.12; 95%CI, 1.05–4.31; I2=0% and chronic GVHD rate 1.63; 95%CI, 1.01–2.62; I2=0%). Matched sibling-HSCT, matched unrelated-HSCT, and cord blood-HSCT had the comparable OS and RFS to HID-HSCT. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that HID-HSCT is as effective as MD-HSCT, and appears to be safe to implement in Ph+ ALL patients which could become useful in the case where there was no available donor.

Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies.

In animal communication systems, individuals that detect a cue (i.e., “receivers”) are often influenced by characteristics of the cue emitter. For instance, in many species, receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing disturbance. These chemical “disturbance cues” appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger, such as a predator’s approach. While the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored, by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some species. If so, the content (quality) and volume (quantity) of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues, thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and respond. Guppies Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors, but dietary variation has yet to be explored. In this study, we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters (i.e., experimental “donors”). Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments, responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet (Experiment 1), as well as an overall larger diet (Experiment 2). We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation, with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality diet. Therefore, diet, and perhaps protein specifically, affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by guppies. Such variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

Utilization of Multi-Heterodonors in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules and Their High Performance Bluish-Green Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

We report a series of pentacarbazolyl-benzonitrile derivatives such as 2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3,5-bis(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (mPyBN), 3,5-bis(3,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (pCF3BN), 2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (PyPhBN), 3-(3,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (PyCF3BN), and 3-(3,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4-(9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-9-yl)benzonitrile (CbPyCF3BN) in which some of the carbazoles are substituted with modified 3,5-diphenyl carbazoles, exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties. These emitters comprised two, three, and four different types of donors, capable of bluish-green emission of around 480 nm with relatively high photoluminescence quantum yields over 90% in solution. Emitters, namely, PyPhBN, PyCF3BN, and CbPyCF3BN, composed of three and four different types of donors endowed a rather short delayed lifetime (τd) of 4.25, 5.01, and 3.65 μs in their film state, respectively. Bluish-green organic light-emitting diodes based on PyPhBN, PyCF3BN, and CbPyCF3BN exhibit a high external quantum efficiency of 20.6, 19.5, and 19.6%, respectively, with unsurpassed efficiency roll-off behavior. These results indicate that the TADF properties of multidonor type molecules can be manipulated by controlling the types and number of electron donor units.

Type of Donor in the Setting of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Does Not Significantly Affect Overall Survival in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

<h3>Background</h3> Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a disease of high mortality and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) is frequently indicated for its curative potential. However, access can be limited by availability of HLA-matched donors, comorbidities, and performance status. Recently, half-match (haploidentical) donors and reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) have increasingly been used to alleviate limitations. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes between different types of donors (matched-sibling (MSD) vs matched-unrelated (MUD) vs haploidentical (HI) and to investigate the role of conditioning for patients with AML. <h3>Methods</h3> In this single-center retrospective study, 253 AML patients receiving first allo-HCT between 2013-2018 were included. Baseline characteristics were collected and the primary outcome of overall survival was evaluated with Kaplan Meier survival analysis and hazard ratios using cox regression models. Baseline difference between these groups were significant for mean age of donor [53.0 years (MSD), 34.8 (HI), 27.8 (MUD); p<0.01], conditioning type [53% myeloablative (MSD), 13% (HI), 45% (MUD); p<0.01], and gender of donor [84% male (MUD), 64% (HI), 57% (MSD); p<0.01]. <h3>Results</h3> Two-year survival amongst groups stratified by type of donor was not significantly different with 44.0% for MSD (95% CI: 30.4 to 57.6), 53.8% for MUD (95% CI: 44.4 to 63.2), and 53.5% for HI (95% CI: 38.6 to 70.0). When patients were stratified by conditioning type, differences in overall survival were also not statistically significant. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this cohort of adult patients with AML, receiving an allo-HCT. Overall survival outcomes were not different between different donor types. This data is consistent with other recent reports demonstrating similar outcomes with haploidentical transplants when compared to matched-donor transplant.

Flexible organic photovoltaics based on water-processed silver nanowire electrodes

A key feature of organic electronic devices is their mechanical flexibility. However, the performance of flexible organic optoelectronic devices still lags behind the performance of devices on rigid substrates. This is due, in particular, to the lack of flexible transparent electrodes that simultaneously offer low resistance, high transparency and a smooth surface. Here, we report flexible transparent electrodes created using water-processed silver nanowires and a polyelectrolyte. Due to ionic electrostatic charge repulsion, the nanowires form grid-like structures in a single step, leading to smooth, flexible electrodes that have a sheet resistance of around 10 Ω □−1 and a transmittance of around 92% (excluding the substrate). To illustrate the potential of the approach in organic electronics, we use the flexible electrodes to create organic photovoltaic devices. The devices are tested with different types of donors and acceptors, and exhibit performance comparable to devices based on commercial rigid electrodes. Furthermore, flexible single-junction and tandem devices achieve power conversion efficiencies of 13.1% and 16.5%, respectively. Flexible transparent electrodes made from silver nanowires that form grid-like structures due to ionic electrostatic charge repulsion can be used to create flexible single-junction and tandem organic photovoltaic devices with power conversion efficiencies of 13.1% and 16.5%, respectively.

N-Pentenyl-Type Glycosides for Catalytic Glycosylation and Their Application in Single-Catalyst One-Pot Oligosaccharide Assemblies.

We have developed a new type of n-pentenyl-type glycosides that can be activated by catalytic amounts of promoter, Hg(NTf2)2 or PPh3AuCl/AgNTf2, at room temperature. The mild activation conditions and outstanding stability of common protection/deprotection manipulations enable the enynyl donors to have broad applications in constructing various glycosidic bonds. Furthermore, under the Hg(NTf2)2-catalyzed conditions, the sequential activation of different types of donors was achieved, based on which a gentiotetrasaccharide was synthesized via the newly developed single-catalyst one-pot strategy.

A robust mathematical model for platelet supply chain considering social announcements and blood extraction technologies

Since the only source of supplying platelets is available donors, evaluating donors’ treatments plays a vital role in the supply chain. According to the investigation of a real study, four main issues have directly affect the quantity of platelet donation in the supply chain, namely, (1) different types of donors as first-time secondary polycythemia donors, experienced secondary polycythemia donors and regular donors, (2) number of booked and non-booked donors within and after working hours, (3) submitting social announcements such as banner ads, social media, and newspapers, and (4) allocating blood extraction technologies to hospitals. Moreover, dealing with demand fluctuation and short lifespan of platelets is also a critical point. Noteworthy, since the technology allocation in hospitals is expensive, the hospitals’ efficiency is determined by a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process approach. Therefore, to address these issues, firstly, we create a balance between hospitals’ efficiency as suppliers and costs in a bi-objective mixed-integer programming model. Then, a robust-stochastic approach is considered to tackle the uncertainty in input data. The results validate in a real case study to facilitate practitioners making proper decisions.

ESTUDIO DE PERFILES Y MOTIVADORES DE LOS DONANTES DE UNA ONG

Non-governmental organizations (NGO) need funding to achieve their purposes. For this reason, it is necessary to understand the behavior of donors to achieve a more effective acquisition and retention of donations. Based on the theory of values, the main objective of this research is to identify the profiles of individuals who make donations of time and money to an NGO via the exploration of motivators and inhibitors to donate. A qualitative approach was used with a total of 22 participants in the city of Medellin. Group sessions and in-depth interviews were conducted with 19 donors of time and money between the ages of 18 and 30, as well as three in-depth interviews with experts. The results propose a value segmentation of three groups of donors: Altruists, Hedonists and Makers; mainly repre- sented by the values of “universalism,” “pleasure,” and “self-direction,” respectively. Although for all segments it is important to help those who need it most, the values expressed in the motivations that lead to donations vary from one segment to another. Knowing the different types of donors will allow NGO to generate actions to attract them and extend literature related to charitable behavior.

Mobile Messaging for Offline Group Formation in Prosocial Activities: A Large Field Experiment

In this paper, we use mobile messaging to leverage recipients’ social ties and encourage offline prosocial activities in groups. In particular, we conduct a randomized field experiment with 80,000 blood donors and study how behavioral interventions and economic rewards motivate offline group formation. We find that two commonly used interventions—reminder messages and individual reward—are ineffective in motivating group formation because they do not compensate donors for the cost of bringing friends. In contrast, we find that group reward—a new reward that is contingent on a donor bringing a friend—is effective in motivating group formation. Furthermore, group reward tends to attract different types of donors, especially those who are traditionally less active in online social settings but have more local social ties. Structural estimation further reveals the underlying mechanisms, suggesting that group reward is four times more cost-effective than individual reward in driving total donation. Our study suggests that motivating offline group formation is a promising approach to boost prosocial activities.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3069 .This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.