Different Types Of Domains Research Articles

Qualitative properties of solutions for system involving the fractional Laplacian

In this paper, we consider the following non-linear system involving the fractional Laplacian 0.1 \begin{equation} \left\{\begin{array}{@{}ll} (-\Delta)^{s} u (x)= f(u,\,v), \\ (-\Delta)^{s} v (x)= g(u,\,v), \end{array} \right. \end{equation} in two different types of domains, one is bounded, and the other is an infinite cylinder, where $0< s<1$ . We employ the direct sliding method for fractional Laplacian, different from the conventional extension and moving planes methods, to derive the monotonicity of solutions for (0.1) in $x_n$ variable. Meanwhile, we develop a new iteration method for systems in the proofs. Hopefully, the iteration method can also be applied to solve other problems.

Multi-domain automated patterning of DNA-functionalized hydrogels.

DNA-functionalized hydrogels are capable of sensing oligonucleotides, proteins, and small molecules, and specific DNA sequences sensed in the hydrogels' environment can induce changes in these hydrogels' shape and fluorescence. Fabricating DNA-functionalized hydrogel architectures with multiple domains could make it possible to sense multiple molecules and undergo more complicated macroscopic changes, such as changing fluorescence or changing the shapes of regions of the hydrogel architecture. However, automatically fabricating multi-domain DNA-functionalized hydrogel architectures, capable of enabling the construction of hydrogel architectures with tens to hundreds of different domains, presents a significant challenge. We describe a platform for fabricating multi-domain DNA-functionalized hydrogels automatically at the micron scale, where reaction and diffusion processes can be coupled to program material behavior. Using this platform, the hydrogels' material properties, such as shape and fluorescence, can be programmed, and the fabricated hydrogels can sense their environment. DNA-functionalized hydrogel architectures with domain sizes as small as 10 microns and with up to 4 different types of domains can be automatically fabricated using ink volumes as low as 50 μL. We also demonstrate that hydrogels fabricated using this platform exhibit responses similar to those of DNA-functionalized hydrogels fabricated using other methods by demonstrating that DNA sequences can hybridize within them and that they can undergo DNA sequence-induced shape change.

USING COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS TO TEACH SYNONYMS FOR IRAQI COLLEGE STUDENTS

It's challenging to help EFL students in Iraq learn and use synonyms. This study investigates the challenges faced by Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in understanding and employing synonyms. By employing Langacker's cognitive linguistic theory of domains, the research aims to enhance EFL Iraqi students' synonym knowledge and vocabulary acquisition. The study utilizes a descriptive analysis technique, with a pre-test and post-test design, involving fifty first-year students at the University of Baghdad's College of Languages, Department of English. The findings reveal that the domain theory significantly improved students' comprehension and application of English word semantics. Prior to the intervention, students had limited knowledge of the domain approach and struggled with recognizing and producing lexical features. After five weeks of treatment, students demonstrated increased abilities to define different types of domains and their properties, as well as understanding the literal and conceptual meanings of words. The study concludes that implementing the theory of domains can effectively enhance vocabulary acquisition among Iraqi EFL students and emphasizes the importance of teaching synonyms with a focus on sense relations.

Topology optimization of geothermal bore fields using the method of moving asymptotes

A new method is proposed to optimize the configurations of vertical ground heat exchangers using topology optimization and the method of moving asymptotes. The problem formulation minimizes the required number of boreholes of a given length with simultaneous constraints on the entering fluid temperature in cooling and heating mode. The method relies on the adaptation of the alternative ASHRAE design method and a new analytical formulation for the calculation of -functions based on a boundary condition of equal average fluid temperature. The method is applied to large bore fields consisting of more than a hundred boreholes. The paper also studies the effect of different types of domains and ground load profiles on the optimized configurations. It is shown that the shape of the domain has minimal impact on the optimized configurations. A higher density of boreholes on the perimeter of the domain compared to the center is recommended in the case where one operation mode is dominant. A uniform configuration is better suited when the load profile is balanced.

Analysis of the forced convection via the turbulence transport of the hybrid mixture in three-dimensional L-shaped channel

After introducing the advantage of nanofluids for optimizing heat transfer, many research articles have been written considering the different types of domains. In our article, we will observe the turbulent transport of a hybrid mixture through the three-dimensional L-shaped channel to analyze the characteristic of heat generation via forced convection. The hybrid nanofluid is composed of aluminum oxide copper (Cu) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3), which will be present in the base fluid by the volume fraction of 5%, 15%, 25%, and 35% in the base fluid (water). To analyze the forced convection, the Reynolds number (Re) will be kept at 10,000 to 40,000. The simulation will be developed using the three-dimensional κ−ε turbulence model and energy equations via COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6. The numerical outcomes will be verified using the literature's correlations for the average Nusselt number. It was found that the average Nusselt number at the mid of the channel is increased by increasing the volume fractions of both aluminum oxide and copper, but the rate of increase because of copper is greater than the rate of increase because of aluminum oxide. The study also suggests that to get more benefit from the transport of a hybrid mixture, keep the Reynolds number high. The temperature along the channel length is the function of mean thermal diffusivity, which is directly proportional to the volume fractions of the hybrid mixture.

Adaptation and application of the IEEE 2413-2019 standard security mechanisms to IoMT systems

Healthcare information systems are evolving from traditional centralised architectures towards highly-mobile distributed environments within the connected health context. The IoMT paradigm is at the forefront of this technological revolution underlying the development of communication infrastructures connecting smart medical devices, healthcare information systems and services. The IEEE 2413 standard, a promising general architectural framework for the design and implementation of IoT systems, has recently been announced. This standard proposes a general description for different types of domains, including healthcare, but it does not contain an extension developed for the IoMT systems domain. This paper presents a first approach to adapt the IEEE 2413 standard to the design of IoMT systems from a security perspective, considering the most relevant aspects of the standard for the construction of this type of systems. The application to an IoMT system for monitoring patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is presented as a use case.

Classification of Coastal Belts in the Argentine Subpolar Southeast Coast of Tierra del Fuego using the BCCS (Biophysical Cross-shore Classification System)

Finkl, C.W. and Makowski, C., 2022. Classification of coastal belts in the Argentine subpolar southeast coast of Tierra del Fuego using the BCCS (Biophysical Cross-shore Classification System). Journal of Coastal Research, 38(5), 908–924. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The Biophysical Cross-shore Classification System (BCCS) was experimentally applied to the southeast coast of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, by compartmentalizing the coast into seven discrete coastal belts that retained a degree of homogeneity from 2 km offshore to about 5 km inland. By interpreting satellite imagery, coastal belts were subdivided into cross-shore transects with alongshore spread to produce codified concatenations that characterized specific eco-geomorphological sequences comprising domains. Different types of domains were identified by archetypes that specified a particular Dominant Catenary Sequence (DCS), which in turn was refined by the inclusion of subarchetypes to produce a Coastal Ecological Sequence (CES). The seven coastal belts comprising a 58.5 km stretch of shore contained 39 CES transects that averaged about 1.5 km of shore length, but ranged from 0.8 km to 3.3 km in alongshore stretch. Dominant offshore, inshore, and onshore classificatory units included Rock (R), Beach (Be), and Cliff (Cl) catenas, which were followed inland by Wetland (W), Lake (Lk), Channel (Ch), and Upland (U) archetypical sequences. Delta (De) and Beach Ridge (Br) archetypes were noted as minor features in some cross-shore transects. Common trisequent DCS transects included R-Be-Cl and Be-Cl-U, which subsequently incorporated landward variations with Lagoon (L), Lake (Lk), and Wetland (W) archetypes. Results of this experiment showed that the BCCS comprehended how subpolar periglacial and paraglacial coastal belts dominantly comprised by glacial outwash have ground surface manifestations that are recognizable in satellite imagery by recurring spectral patterns. This cold tundra coastal region is thus largely characterized by rocky offshores and gravelly beaches backed by cliffs (composed of unconsolidated materials) and channeled wetland (peatland) hinterlands with coastal marine lakes and forested uplands. In accordance with the BCCS, this classification can be concised to CES subarchetype code sequences such as Rrr-Besi-Clse-Wmr-Chmd-Lkcm-Ufo. This study demonstrates that codification of cross-shore eco-geomorphological transects using the BCCS provides a shorthand notation for classifying coastal belts in high-latitude regions.

Diagnostic Value of Hcy Combined with Blood Pressure Variability Index in the Severity of Hypertension Complicated with CSVD and Its Correlation with Cognitive Function and CysC Expression.

This paper explores the diagnostic value of Hcy combined with the blood pressure variability index in the severity of hypertension complicated with CSVD and its correlation with cognitive function and CysC expression. 200 patients with ischemic small cerebral vessels are selected as the research object. According to the MRI findings, they are divided into 48 cases of white matter lesions (WML), 44 cases of lacunar infarction (LI), 44 cases of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVs), and 46 cases in the mixed group (referring to two or more types of ischemic cerebrovascular disease on imaging). Different cognitive domains of different types of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases are analyzed. The risk factors of cognitive decline in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease are analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. There is an ancestral correlation between serum Hcy and CSVD, which is an independent risk factor for CSVD.

Phylogenetic study to analyse the evolutionary relationship of taxonomically diverse α-amylases

Microbial α-amylases have been identified and characterized to understand their progressive role in industrial applications. Computational biology tools are employed in various in-silico studies for finding out the ways to improve the titre of this enzyme with improved stability and specificity. This study includes detailed evolutionary analysis and comparison of α-amylase amino acid sequences found in a wide spectrum of microorganisms like algae, bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, and plants. We analysed the conservation patterns and signature modules in molecular architectures to study the phylogenetic relationship among various microbial and plant taxa. Additionally, efforts were made to identify signal peptides responsible for the secretion of α-amylase protein outside the cell. Our results concluded the presence of different types of domains with their single or multiple copies, and distinct signal peptides which may alter the overall functioning and secretion efficiency of enzyme. Collectively, overall molecular diversity leads to adaptive evolution of α-amylase in different microbes and plants.

Contemporary Approaches to Analyze Non-stationary Time-series: Some Solutions and Challenges

Abstract: Enhancement of technology yields more complex time-dependent outcomes for better understanding and analysis. These outcomes are generating more complex, unstable, and high-dimensional data from non-stationary environments. Hence, more challenges are arising day by day to fulfill the increasing demand for future estimation. Thus, in this paper, an extensive study has been presented to comprehend the statistical complexity and randomness of non-stationary time series (NS-TS) data at the atomic level. This survey briefly explains the basic principles and terms related to non-stationary time series (NS-TS). After understanding the fundamentals of NS-TS, this survey categorized non-stationarity into groups and their subgroups based on a change in statistical behavior. It is followed by a comprehensive discussion on contemporary approaches proposed by researchers in each category of non-stationarity. These algorithms include clustering, classification, and regression techniques to deal with different types of domains. Every category of non-stationarity consists of a separate table to draw some advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches. At the end of each non-stationarity type, a short discussion and critical analysis have been done. In the conclusion section, it observed that this research sphere still has so many open challenges that need to be addressed and demand more exploration. Furthermore, it discusses the possible solution of improvisation in future research.

Computational characterization of domain-segregated 3D chromatin structure and segmented DNA methylation status in carcinogenesis.

The high‐order chromatin structure, together with DNA methylation and other epigenetic marks, plays a vital role in gene regulation and displays abnormal status in cancer cells. Theoretical analyses are expected to provide a more unified understanding of the multi‐omics data on the large variety of samples, and hopefully a common picture of carcinogenesis. In particular, we are interested in the question of whether an underlying origin DNA sequence exists for these epigenetic alterations. The human genome consists of two types of megabase‐sized domain based on the distribution of CpG islands (CGIs) that show distinct structural, epigenetic, and transcriptional properties: CGI‐rich and CGI‐poor domains. Through an integrated analysis of chromatin structure, DNA methylation, and RNA sequencing data, we found that, in carcinogenesis, the two different types of domain display different structural changes and have an increased number of DNA methylation differences and transcriptional‐level differences, compared with in noncancer cells. We also compared the structural features among carcinogenesis, senescence, and mitosis, showing the possible connection between chromatin structure and cell state, which could affect vital cancer‐related properties. In summary, chromatin structure, DNA methylation, and gene expression, as well as their changes observed in several types of cancers, show a dependence on multiscale DNA sequence heterogeneity.

Cooperativity-Dependent Folding of Single-Stranded DNA

The folding of biological macromolecules is a fundamental process of which we lack a full comprehension. Mostly studied in proteins and RNA, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) also folds, at physiological salt conditions, by forming non-specific secondary structures that are difficult to characterize with biophysical techniques. Here we present a helix-coil model for secondary structure formation, where ssDNA bases are organized in two different types of domains (compact and free). The model contains two parameters: the energy gain per base in a compact domain, $\epsilon$, and the cooperativity related to the interfacial energy between different domains, $\gamma$. We tested the ability of the model to quantify the formation of secondary structure in ssDNA molecules mechanically stretched with optical tweezers. The model reproduces the experimental force-extension curves in ssDNA of different molecular lengths and varying sodium and magnesium concentrations. Salt-correction effects for the energy of compact domains and the interfacial energy are found to be compatible with those of DNA hybridization. The model also predicts the folding free energy and the average size of domains at zero force, finding good agreement with secondary structure predictions by Mfold. We envision the model could be further extended to investigate native folding in RNA and proteins.

Electrooptics of mm-scale polar domains in the ferroelectric nematic phase

ABSTRACT The recent discovery of the ferroelectric nematic phase has opened the door to experimental investigation of one of the most searched liquid crystal phases in decades, with high expectations for future applications. However, at this moment, there are more questions than answers. In this work, we examine the formation and structure of large polar nematic domains of the ferroelectric nematic material RM734 in planar liquid crystals cells with different aligning agents and specifications. We observe that confining surfaces have a strong influence over the formation of different types of domains, resulting in various twisted structures of the nematic director. For those cells predominantly showing mm-scale domains, we investigate the optical and second harmonic generation switching behaviour under applications of electric fields with a special focus on in-plane fields perpendicular to the confinement media rubbing direction. In order to characterise the underlying structure, the polar optical switching behaviour is reproduced using a simplified model together with Berreman calculations.

A Spatiotemporal Statistical Method of Ship Domain in the Inland Waters Driven by Trajectory Data

In this study, a method for dynamically establishing ship domain in inland waters is proposed to help make decisions about ship collision avoidance. The surrounding waters of the target ship are divided to grids and then calculating the grid densities of ships in each moment to determine the shape and size of ship domain of different types of ships. At last, based on the spatiotemporal statistical method, the characteristics of ship domains of different types of ship in different navigational environments were analyzed. The proposed method is applied to establish ship domains of different types of ship in Wuhan section of the Yangtze River in January, February, July, and August in 2014. The results show that the size of ship domain increases as the ship size increases in each month. The domain size is significantly influenced by the water level, and the ship domain size in dry seasons is larger than in the wet seasons of inland waters.

Ferroelastic domain hierarchy in the intermediate state of PbZr0.98Ti0.02O3 single crystal

PbZrO3-based antiferroelectric crystals are of great interest in both fundamental and applied research, not only because of the antiferroelectric feature at room temperature but also because of the existence of a peculiar intermediate state at elevated temperatures. Here, we report a detailed description of domain structure change at the temperature-induced antiferroelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition. A complex process of different types of domains is revealed to appear at different stages of the phase transition. A hierarchical ferroelastic domain structure forms in the stabilized intermediate state, where the dense domain walls show potential impact on the physical properties of the crystal.

The Motivation for Roots in Distributed Morphology

Within Distributed Morphology, it has been proposed that the lexical vocabulary consists of Roots: category-less primitives. The motivation for Roots is connected with a line of argument reaching back to Chomsky's “Remarks on Nominalization” concerning the representation of lexical categories and their role in syntax. At the center of the theory of Roots is the Two Domains Intuition: the idea that there are two different types of domains in which grammatical interactions (form: allomorphy; meaning: allosemy) occur. Roots are posited as part of an argument against lexicalist approaches to the Two Domains Intuition that reduce it to a modular distinction between the lexicon and the syntax. In place of the modular distinction, Root-based approaches hypothesize that domain differences are derivative of syntactic locality effects in a way that connects with the phase theory of Minimalist syntax. This review examines developments leading to current versions of a Roots-and-contexts theory. A particular focus is on the idea that separating lexical Roots from the morphemes that categorize them is essential to defining the distinct locality domains that are posited to explain the effects subsumed under the Two Domains Intuition.

Role of the interface in controlling the epitaxial relationship between orthorhombic LaInO3 and cubic BaSnO3

Epitaxial perovskite oxide interfaces with different symmetry of the epitaxial layers have attracted considerable attention due to the emergence of novel behaviors and phenomena. In this paper, we show by aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy that orthorhombic $\text{LaInO}_\text{3}$ films grow in form of three different types of domains on the cubic $\text{BaSnO}_\text{3}$ pseudosubstrate. Quantitative evaluation of our TEM data shows that $c_{pc}$-oriented and $a_{pc}/b_{pc}$-oriented domains are present with similar probability. While continuum elasticity theory suggests that $c_{pc}$-oriented domains should exhibit a significantly higher strain energy density than $a_{pc}/b_{pc}$-oriented domains, density functional calculations confirm that $c_{pc}$- and $a_{pc}$-oriented domains on $\text{BaSnO}_\text{3}$ have similar energies.

Methane dissolution inside bulk or porous-medium-confined water at near-hydrate equilibrium conditions

In this study, we perform a series of mass-balance-type calculations, in order to estimate the minimum volume of liquid water required to dissolve completely a single methane gas bubble, located inside different types of domains that are near or under hydrate equilibrium pressure/temperature conditions. We examine the case of methane bubble dissolution in the bulk, along with the cases of methane bubble dissolution within simple/regular networks of pores, where all pores have the same size. In our calculations, we consider experimental values for the equilibrium solubilities of methane in water, along the hydrate-forming line, as well as, values obtained from predictive tools that are based on different thermodynamic models. The effect of aqueous NaCl solutions on the results is also investigated. As a result of the relatively low solubility of methane in water, large volumes of water are required for complete dissolution of a methane bubble.

Ferroelectric Domain Walls in PbTiO3 Are Effective Regulators of Heat Flow at Room Temperature.

Achieving efficient spatial modulation of phonon transmission is an essential step on the path to phononic circuits using "phonon currents". With their intrinsic and reconfigurable interfaces, domain walls (DWs), ferroelectrics are alluring candidates to be harnessed as dynamic heat modulators. This paper reports the thermal conductivity of single-crystal PbTiO3 thin films over a wide variety of epitaxial-strain-engineered ferroelectric domain configurations. The phonon transport is proved to be strongly affected by the density and type of DWs, achieving a 61% reduction of the room-temperature thermal conductivity compared to the single-domain scenario. The thermal resistance across the ferroelectric DWs is obtained, revealing a very high value (≈5.0 × 10-9 K m2 W-1), comparable to grain boundaries in oxides, explaining the strong modulation of the thermal conductivity in PbTiO3. This low thermal conductance of the DWs is ascribed to the structural mismatch and polarization gradient found between the different types of domains in the PbTiO3 films, resulting in a structural inhomogeneity that extends several unit cells around the DWs. These findings demonstrate the potential of ferroelectric DWs as efficient regulators of heat flow in one single material, overcoming the complexity of multilayers systems and the uncontrolled distribution of grain boundaries, paving the way for applications in phononics.

Migmatites record multiple episodes of crustal anatexis and geochemical differentiation in the Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic zone, eastern China

AbstractPartial melting of ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks is common during collisional orogenesis and post‐collisional reworking, indicating that determining the timing and processes involved in this partial melting can provide insights into the tectonic evolution of collisional orogens. This study presents the results of a combined whole‐rock geochemical and zirconological study of migmatites from the Sulu orogen in eastern China. These data provide evidence of multiple episodes of crustal anatexis and geochemical differentiation within the UHP metamorphic rocks. The leucosomes contain higher concentrations of Ba and K and lower concentrations of the rare earth elements (REE), Th and Y, than associated melanosomes and granitic gneisses. The leucosomes also have homogenous Sr–Nd–O isotopic compositions that are similar to proximal (i.e. within the same outcrop) melanosomes, suggesting that the anatectic melts were generated by the partial melting of source rocks that are located within individual outcrops. The migmatites contain zircons with six different types of domains that can be categorized using differences in structures, trace element compositions, and U–Pb ages. Group I domains are relict magmatic zircons that yield middle Neoproterozoic U–Pb ages and contain high REE concentrations. Group II domains represent newly grown metamorphic zircons that formed at 230 ± 1 Ma during the collisional orogenesis. Groups III, IV, V, and VI zircons are newly grown anatectic zircons that formed at 222 ± 2 Ma, 215 ± 1 Ma, 177 ± 2 Ma, and 152 ± 2 Ma, respectively. The metamorphic zircons have higher Th/U and lower (Yb/Gd)N values, flat heavy REE (HREE) patterns with no significantly negative Eu anomalies relative to the anatectic zircons, which are characterized by low Th/U ratios, steep HREE patterns, and negative Eu anomalies. The first two episodes of crustal anatexis occurred during the Late Triassic at c. 222 Ma and c. 215 Ma as a result of phengite breakdown. The other two episodes of anatexis occurred during the Jurassic period at c. 177 Ma and c. 152 Ma and were associated with extensional collapse of the collision‐thickened orogen. The majority of Triassic anatectic zircons and all of the Jurassic zircons are located within the leucosomes, whereas the melanosomes are dominated by Triassic metamorphic zircons, suggesting that the leucosomes within the migmatites record more episodes of crustal anatexis. Both metamorphic and anatectic zircons have elevated εHf(t) values compared with relict magmatic zircon cores, suggesting that these zircons contain non‐zircon Hf derived from material with more radiogenic Hf isotope compositions. Therefore, the Sulu and Dabie orogens experienced different episodes of reworking during the exhumation and post‐collisional stages.