Different Types Of Agricultural Production Research Articles

Analysis of the Impact of Agricultural Production Type and Traffic on Nitrogen Oxide Emissions

The protection of air from pollution is one of the basic principles of sustainable development, and this article analyzes the joint impact of various types of agricultural production and traffic on nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. The goal of this research is the development of a new methodology for assessing the combined impact of different types of agricultural production, traffic load, and traffic flow structure on the emission of nitrogen oxides. For the analysis of the joint impact of traffic and agricultural production, a new impact assessment methodology was developed, which is based on two selected impact prediction models. The following two models were used to predict the impact: the BioGrace model and the microsimulation model VISSIM. The developed methodology was applied to a case study in real field conditions. The results showed that the difference in the emission of NOx gases, depending on the type of agricultural production, indicates a reduction in NOx emissions in the walnut–winter-wheat system by 30%, compared to the production of winter wheat in an open field. The statistical analysis showed that there is no statistically significant difference between NOx emissions for different vehicle arrival scenarios for the same traffic load. The results of the joint impact show that the lowest NOx emission was found in walnut orchards and counted traffic. In this example, the difference between the one-hour emission load of three different agricultural types of production and traffic is not large; however, in the cumulative load, it can lead to significant differences. Emphasizing the importance of adopting new agricultural practices and the impact of traffic and the share of freight and heavy goods vehicles in agricultural production, we position them as a proactive and sustainable response to the critical ecological and agricultural challenges highlighted in European and Croatian policy.

Comprehensive Utilisation and Performance Optimisation of Agro-electricity and Agro-photovoltaic Complementary Systems in Agricultural Production

Agroelectricity agro-photovoltaic (APV) complementary systems are increasingly attracting attention in the field of agricultural production as a way of integrating and utilising renewable energy resources. The aim of this study is to investigate the integrated utilisation and performance optimisation of agro-electricity agro-photovoltaic (AEPV) systems in agricultural production in order to improve the efficiency of agricultural production, conserve energy resources, and protect the environment. The integrated utilisation section explores the application of agroelectricity agro-photovoltaic systems in different types of agricultural production, emphasising the importance of integrated energy utilisation strategies to improve energy and economic efficiency. The Performance Optimisation Methods and Strategies section describes optimisation methods for system operation, equipment performance, energy dispatch and storage to improve system performance and reliability. The section on sustainability and environmental impacts emphasises the environmental friendliness and sustainability of agropower agro-photovoltaic systems, and discusses related environmental protection strategies and social responsibility. The research and application of agro-power agricultural and photovoltaic complementary systems are expected to bring more sustainable and cost-effective solutions to agricultural production.

Comparative characteristics of plant protection against copper and sulphur influence

Efficient agriculture provides not only food security but also improves the economy of the country. Despite the existence of different types of agricultural production (traditional or organic), plant protection is currently a necessary component. Copper and sulphur are effective against pests and improve the quality and quantity of crops, but are toxic and harm the environment, biodiversity, and human health. The purpose of the study is to investigate the current situation regarding the use of copper and sulphur in plant protection in the Republic of Albania and other countries of the Balkan Peninsula and Europe. Theoretical and empirical research methods were used in the study. As a result, it was determined that the studied elements were actively used in different European countries, both in traditional and organic agriculture. There is a tendency to reduce the norms of use, and in some countries – the removal of these chemical elements from plant protection programmes. The paper includes a comparative characteristic of the use of copper and sulphur and a survey among Albanian agricultural producers on the use of preparations based on these elements. It is established that in the republic, copper and sulphur are actively used mainly in the form of herbicides and fungicides. They are used on vegetable and fruit crops, as well as grapes and olives. There is a problem of informing producers about the negative impact of copper and sulphur on the environment and human safety, as well as control by the state. The practical significance of the study lies in the analysis of the current situation of copper and sulphur use in Albania and in the identification of ways to change it for the better

Trade Facilitation and China’s Agricultural Products Exports: Empirical Evidence from Japan and Korea

Purpose – This paper analyzes the relationship between trade facilitation and agricultural products exports and estimates the effects of trade facilitation in importing countries on Chinese agricultural products exports, which is of great significance for promoting agricultural trade between China,Japan and Korea and the governments of the three countries to formulate targeted trade facilitation policies. Design/methodology – Based on Wilson (2003) theoretical framework, this paper sets up its own trade facilitation level measurement system by involving four primary indicators and fifteen secondary indicators to evaluate the trade facilitation levels of Japan and Korea from 2011 to 2018 respectively. The paper selected the data on China s agricultural exports at the HS4 level from 2011-2018 and used a fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of changes in trade facilitation levels in trading partner countries on China s agricultural trade. Findings – Our main findings can be summarized as follows: the level of trade facilitation in importing countries has a significantly positive effect on China’s agricultural exports. The higher the level of trade facilitation in trading partner countries, the more Chinese agricultural exports trade, i.e. for every 1 percentage point increase in the level of trade facilitation, the volume of exports will increase by 2.299%.The sub-sample test shows that China s main agricultural products exported to Japan and Korea, such as aquatic products, vegetables, fruits and other perishable fresh products, are particularly significantly affected by the level of trade facilitation. Originality/value – First, from the innovation of the research perspective, which is different from the analysis of the existing paper on the overall trade facilitation of all traded commodities. This article is based on the close trade relations between China, Japan and Korea, and the particularity of agricultural products, from the perspective of China’s agricultural exports to Japan and Korea, discuss the impact of importing countries—Japan and Korea’s trade facilitation levels on China’s agricultural exports;Secondly, in this paper, the hierarchical data of the HS4 quartile is used to avoid the information loss of the industry, and to analyse the impact of the importing country’s trade facilitation level on the export of different types of agricultural products more scientifically.

Индекс на локализация на земеделските стопанство в периода 2008-2016 г. в селските райони на Южен централен район

The rural development policy in Bulgaria is dictated by the accompanying facts, with approximately 45% of the population living in them, covering 85% of the territory. The study and analysis of the socio-economic processes in agriculture of smaller administrative units of the NUTS classification gives an accurate picture of the real situation. The operation of farms ensures the production of different types of agricultural production. Contributing to the formation of Gross Domestic Product and the fulfillment of commitments in relation to the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The application of the localization index for agricultural holdings in the rural areas of the South-Central Region in Bulgaria reveals their real economic status. The study of the specialization factor for agricultural holdings covers an eight-year period 2008-2016. The localization index is the basis for an analysis of the different types of economic processes and phenomena. It is also applicable in smaller administrative areas, namely in the rural municipalities of the South-Central Region.

Prediction of pesticide residues in agricultural products based on time series model in Chengdu, China

Pesticides are chemicals that can improve the efficiency of agricultural production, but also cause harm to human health and the environment. Besides effective supervision means, prevention work is also indispensable for pesticide residue safety in agricultural products. The Shuangliu and Pidu districts of Chengdu, capital city of Sichuan Province, China, were selected as the focus areas. Pesticide residue levels in leafy and starchy vegetables were measured for 15 months, analyzed with paired-sample t-tests to construct four ARIMA time series models. The results showed that pesticide residue levels of different types of agricultural products in the same area as well as those of the same agricultural products in different areas differed within the same time interval. Meanwhile, the pesticide residue levels of different agricultural products and areas showed distinct seasonal characteristics and variations. The ARIMA models were effective for short-term forecasting of agricultural pesticide residue levels. They could be used in related fields to predict crop pesticide residue levels pre-emptively based on actual usage patterns, crop type, season, and other parameters. The findings in this study may help government and traceability agencies releasing early warnings of potential agricultural product pesticide contamination. It may also help mitigate the risk of crop and environmental contamination as well as consumer health endangerment.

Ecological analysis of agricultural environmental management problems in the Central Chernozem Region

Abstract. Land resources of the Central Chernozem Region are intensively used in economic activities that have affected the degradation of the natural environment components. The 100-year observation period revealed changes in biogenic components and humus in the regions soils. To determine the environmental problems of agricultural environmental management, we have calculated modular indicators of geochemical impact of various agricultural sectors. We have calculated the modular indicator of agricultural impact assessment on agricultural systems of the Central Chernozem Region. In order to preserve land resources it is important to quantify the impact of agricultural production. To assess the impact the authors have introduced three types of coefficients: taking into account the agricultural, livestock and technogenic impact. They can be used as the main diagnostic indicators to identify environmental problems. The coefficients make it possible to determine trends in environmental management and by the results of geochemical analysis environmental problems and the degree of impact of different types of agricultural production are identified. Balance violations of the substances cycle in forest-steppe landscapes have been revealed. The landscape and geochemical approach reveals migration processes, the cycle of substance and violations of self-regulating properties of the natural landscape. The analysis of potassium and phosphorus distribution is important in agrochemical aspect. The coefficient was calculated based on the mass of matter introduced and removed from the soil in relation to their content in the soil. The degree of geochemical agricultural impact exceeds the natural geochemical background. It gives an opportunity to define negative features of agricultural nature use. A complex geochemical analysis of different nature users will make it possible to determine the degree of their impact on the natural environment in the region. Soil transformation in agrosystems is accompanied by ecological losses both for the natural environment and for life activity of the population. Due to wide application of chemicalization means for implementation of the agricultural intensification program, it became necessary to determine quantitatively the geochemical load on the landscape in order to optimize and protect it. In this regard, issues of renewal of natural material and energy resources are relevant for agricultural production.

The Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Effects of Agricultural Practices on the Environment

It is widely known that agricultural practices can alter natural ecosystems, both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view. Indeed, over the years, the intensification of production through excessive or inappropriate use of pesticides and fertilisers in the agricultural sector has had a negative impact on natural resources. This negative environment impact has had both minor and major consequences for the natural resources present in the different areas of the European Union (EU). This variability depends mainly on the different agricultural training of farmers and on their ability to practise sustainable agriculture. Hence, with a specific set of agri-environmental indicators provided by the Eurostat database, this paper analyses the spatial and temporal variation of the agricultural land-use practices and the related environmental effects in EU countries. In pursuit of this aim, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis (factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis) were adopted to determine the similarities/dissimilarities between the different types of agricultural production in the EU and the dominant dimensions of agricultural production and activities there in terms of their impact of natural resources in order to identify “homogeneity” among member states. The main contribution of this paper lies, above all, in the fact that the classification of these countries in four agro-ecosystems, with similar use of energy, pollution factors, and natural resources, could be useful as a tool for policymakers. Importantly, it could help them to define different incentives that could encourage farmers to adopt more sustainable agricultural production methods.

Technique of Competitiveness Determination for Separate Types of Agricultural Products for the Purpose of their Market Positioning on the Example of Vegetable Growing

Despite variety and diversity of concepts and scientific approaches to determination of essence and factors (criteria) of competitiveness, there is no conventional and unite theory describing a competitiveness phenomenon in national scales. In scientific literature the final formation of the term “competitiveness” as economic category is not completed yet. In modern conditions of managing, at opportunities of information technologies and entry into the international markets, questions of management of competitiveness and the competition and also market positioning for the agrarian and industrial complex enterprises gain the increasing importance and need. In particular it concerns also need for transition to digital economy for regions, introduction of environmental standards of production of food and also ensuring necessary level of food security, quality of life and social and economic welfare. In a research the technique of determination of competitiveness of different types of agricultural production on the basis of the complex assessment considering the cumulative importance of the parameters (factors) defining specifics (branches), and exerting the main impact on production efficiency on the example of vegetable growing of the open ground is developed and approved. Various channels of realization of agricultural goods in the regional market, from the point of view of merits and demerits for the enterprises of various legal forms was analyzed. The effectiveness of branding as the important marketing tool promoting creation of competitive advantages at a conclusion of production of agrarian and industrial complex for new segments of the market is reasonable.

Quantifying the sustainability of three types of agricultural production in China: An emergy analysis with the integration of environmental pollution

Abstract Agriculture is currently confronted with the great challenge of feeding a soaring population given finite resources while simultaneously curbing negative environmental impacts. Thus, the sustainability of different types of agricultural production must be quantified to identify the best way to meet the associated challenges. Taking the Tongxiang region as a case study, emergy and economic analyses were used to evaluate the overall performance of three agricultural production types, including traditional rice monoculture, integrated farming (i.e., rice-fish and rice-duck), and non-grain production (NGP) systems (i.e., nursery plantation, pond fish farming, vegetable production and duck rearing). The environmental pollution caused by different types of agricultural production, which is usually neglected in other studies, was included in the emergy accounting. The results show that intensive NGP systems, especially duck rearing and pond fish farming, were not sustainable, as indicated by high non-point source pollution discharge, high environmental pressure and low ecological sustainability. While rice monoculture and integrated farming systems were both under benign development, they could not provide economic profits competitive with those from NGP systems. With economic benefits increasing by 2.32–2.35 times and the agricultural non-point source pollution decreasing by 10.21%–59.01% in comparison with rice monoculture, integrated agricultural production proved to be a promising pattern for sustainable agriculture. Some policy incentives were proposed to increase the financial attractiveness of integrated agricultural production and promote a virtuous cycle for future cleaner production.

Economic resources versus the efficiency of different types of agricultural production in regions of the European union

Facing enormous differences in factor endowments across European agriculture the aim of the study was to identify the significance of differences in land, capital and labour endowments on the efficiency of different agricultural production types in the EU. The Ward Cluster Analysis was used to distinguish groups of EU regions, significantly differing in factor endowment, DEA model to determine the relative differences in technical efficiency of different types of agricultural production in EU regions and ANOVA analysis to assess the significance of differences in the efficiency of agricultural production types between these EU regions. It was found that generally the agriculture of the EU-12 regions was characterised in 2015 by higher efficiency of transforming inputs into effects than households in the EU-15 regions. Therefore, factor endowments play a significant role in transformation of production factors into effects. The article shows that there is a diversity of factor endowments in agriculture between EU region groups, which translates into differences in the technical efficiency of agricultural holdings of various types of production.

Room at the margins for energy-crops? A qualitative analysis of stakeholder views on the use of marginal land for biomass production in Denmark

Greater production of agricultural biomass for energy generation means a greater overlap between the energy and agricultural value chains. The production of biofuels from food crops was previously criticised as conflicting with food production. Use of so-called ‘marginal land’ is proposed to overcome previous controversies.Using interviews and document analysis, this paper explores the meaning of ‘marginal land’ for non-food energy crop production in Denmark and conflicts that arose over its proposed use. In Denmark there was a different conception of marginal land – environmentally sensitive land where intensive cultivation causes impacts. Policies were put in place to promote the use of this ‘environmentally marginal land’. However, competing environmental objectives for this land – for different types of biodiversity, ecosystems services and aesthetic preferences meant these policies were repealed.The paper shows how discussions of biomass production on agricultural land, and particularly marginal land, reflect the nuances of competing land uses in agriculturally intensive countries like Denmark. It is not only a matter of trade-offs between different types of agricultural production, such as food and fuel, or between environmental benefits and production, but over the optimal environmental use of the land to achieve multifunctional benefits. As well as questions of equity, access and practicality, the marginal land debate in agriculturally intensive countries needs to include questions of appropriate and desired environmental outcomes and means of stakeholder engagement to establish these.

Rice Classification and Quality Detection Based on Sparse Coding Technique

Classification of various rice types and determination of its quality is a major issue in the scientific and commercial fields associated with modern agriculture. In recent years, various image processing techniques are used to identify different types of agricultural products. There are also various color and texture-based features in order to achieve the desired results in this area. In this paper, the problem of rice categorization and quality detection using compressive sensing concepts is considered. This issue includes sparse representation and dictionary learning techniques to achieve over-complete models and represent the structural content of rice variety. Also, dictionaries are learned in such a way to have the least coherence values to each other. The results of the proposed classifier based on the learned models are compared with the results obtained from the neural network and support vector machine classifiers. Simulation results show that the proposed method based on the combinational features is able to identify the type of rice grain and determine its quality with high accuracy rate.

Application of high resolution pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HRPGC/MS) for detecting Listeria monocytogenes.

The characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes' pyrolysis product was found by fingerprint analysis of high resolution pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HRPGC/MS), which hold a great potential to rapidly detect L. monocytogenes with the application of selected ion monitoring (SIM). Food products (beef and milk) contaminated by L. monocytogenes and uncontaminated were evaluated. The retention time of the characteristic peak of pyrolysis product was 19.056min, the ion of m/z were 54, 98. The results showed that the peak at retention time 19.056min was detected in agricultural products that contaminated by L. monocytogenes, while the result of the uncontaminated food, there is no peak at the retention time 19.056min. Qualified by the retention time of chromatographic and mass spectrometry, it can eliminate the interference induced by different types of agricultural products. The results prove united technologies of HRPGC/MS and SIM is not only reliable, reproducible, but also a new method for rapid detecting L. monocytogenes in food products.

서울지역 학교급식 식재료의 잔류농약 위해성 평가

We tested for residual pesticide levels in school foodservice agricultural products in Seoul, Korea from 2010 to 2012. A total of 316 samples of 23 different types of agricultural products were analyzed via gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphate detector (GC-NPD), an electron capture detector (GC-μECD), a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MSD), and a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). We used multi-analysis methods to analyze 185 different pesticide types. Among the selected agricultural products, residual pesticides were detected in 26 samples (8.2%), of which 6 samples (1.9%) exceeded the Korea Maximum Residue limits (MRLs). We detected pesticide residue in more than 65% of the Chwinamul, while 6 among 9 analyzed samples contained pesticide residue, and 1 sample exceeded the Korea MRLs. Among the 185 kinds of pesticides that we have tested, 18 were detected, while 7 of them were detected more than twice. Data obtained were then used for estimating the potential health risks associated with the exposures to these pesticides. The most critical commodity is carbofuran in the perilla leaves, which has contributed 3.8% to the hazard index (HI). These results showed that the detected pesticides could not be considered as a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, constant supervision is recommended.

Conventional agricultural land use and immissions of genetically modified organisms

Ownership rights do not provide the owner with full freedom of use over the owned thing anymore, especially when it comes to such valuable resources as agricultural land. Ownership rigths are privilegia odiosa these days. Highest legal acts of several countries, as well as decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union, stress the fact that it is not absolute and that it has a particular social function. The owner is obliged to use the land, and to do so in a conventional manner. Conventional should, with respect to logical reasoning, relate only to what has been accepted, by a broader community, as useful and reasonable. However, that is not always the case in modern world. Agriculture is considered conventional when it is directed towards intensive plant production, while making use of artificial fertilizers, growth hormones, pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, and other chemical products. In USA and some other countries, production of plants which have a DNA modified by use of techniques of genetic engineering (GMO), are treated under the same legal regime. On the other hand, traditional, organic agriculture is treated as an exception, and special, more restrictive rules are applied to it. Civilization obviously found itself in an absurd situation. Something for which it is undoubtedly clear that it is bad in many aspects, and long term unsustainable (conventional agriculture) is considered normal, something for which it is not known whether and to which extent it is harmful (GMO agriculture) is being tolerated, and something for which we confidently know that it is not harmful, or at least not as nearly as harmful as the previously mentioned is considered an exception (organic agriculture). The difference between GMO immissions and emissions from a certain property being allowed or prohibited, i.e. whether the owner of a particular property will be held responsible for disturbance and possible damage, as a result of contamination of the environment, is determined by the way the GM plant production is being treated (as conventional or not). Therefore, the first part of this paper is dedicated to determining what is considered conventional use, in comparative law. The second part is dedicated to immissions of genetically modified organisms. In certain countries, special rules on coexistence of different types of agricultural production have been created, in order to prevent immissions, or bring them to a minimum. In Serbia, production of GM plants is prohibited. However, contamination of environment can come as a result of act with disrespect to the prohibition, by an owner or user of agricultural land. That opens an array of questions, to which traditional institutes of civil law are not capable of giving complete and precise answers.

Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Commercially Dried Vegetables

We tested for residual pesticide levels in dried vegetables in Seoul, Korea. A total of 100 samples of 13 different types of agricultural products were analyzed by a gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphate detector (GC-NPD), an electron capture detector (GC-μECD), a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MSD), and a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). We used multi-analysis methods to analyze for 253 different pesticide types. Among the selected agricultural products, residual pesticides were detected in 11 samples, of which 2 samples (2.0%) exceeded the Korea Maximum Residue limits (MRLs). We detected pesticide residue in 6 of 9 analyzed dried pepper leaves and 1 sample exceeded the Korea MRLs. Data obtained were then used for estimating the potential health risks associated with the exposures to these pesticides. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) range from 0.1% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for bifenthrin to 8.4% of the ADI for cadusafos. The most critical commodity is cadusafos in chwinamul, contributing 8.4% to the hazard index (HI). This results show that the detected pesticides could not be considered a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, an investigation into continuous monitoring is recommended.

국내유통농산물 중 잔류농약 모니터링 및 안전성 평가

Monitoring the pesticide residues in agricultural products is essential to protect consumers, obtain data for risk assessment, and ensure fair trade practices. We developed a multi-residue method for the analysis of 37 pesticides with different physico-chemical properties in agricultural products and analyzed the amount of pesticide residues on about 1,000 samples circulated in South Korea. The samples consisted of 26 different types of agricultural products selected at markets in 14 major cities; cereals (2 species), nuts (1 species) potatoes (1 species), beans (2 species), fruits (3 species), vegetables (16 species), and mushrooms (1 species). In this study, residual pesticides were detected in 23 samples (2.2%) and one sample was detected to be over maximum residue limits (MRLs, 0.1%) for pesticides in foods by the Korea food code. In leafy vegetables such as pepper leaves, radish leaves, cham-na-mul, shin-sun-cho, crown daisy, chwi-na-mul and citrus fruits such as kumquat, 8 kinds of pesticides were detected. Specially, diazinon were detected over MRLs and also, endosulfan, ethoprophos and phenthoate were detected frequently. Based on these results, we investigated the risk assesment from amount of residual pesticide, total %ADI was 1.262%, but the value has not effected on human health.

Indigenous knowledge on soil classification of ethnic groups in Luang Prabang province of the Lao PDR

The objectives of this study were to demonstrate ethno-scientific elicitation techniques in retrieving indigenous knowledge at village-level, and to document the indigenous soil classification systems of different ethnic groups in Luang Prabang province in the Lao PDR. The study area comprised three villages — Nambo, Huaymaha and Thapo, in the Phonxay district of Luang Prabang province. Three ethnic groups were covered by the study — Hmong, Khmu and Lao Loum. All three ethnic groups used soil color as main criteria for soil classification. However, even within the same ethnic group, sometimes different villages have differences in the way they classify soils; this was a:arent for the Hmong ethnic group in the villages of Huaymaha and Nambo. A significant difference of the Lao Loum ethnic group from the other two, was the emphasis used in classifying soil types according to their water holding capabilities. In contrast, the Khmu and Hmong classified many soil types in relation to their rock content (‘with rock’ or ‘pure rock’ sometimes being used). The results of the study suggest that the ethnic groups classify the soils in relation to their potential for different types of agricultural production.

Weather indices of agricultural production in the Netherlands 1948-1989. 1. General methodology and the arable sector.

The methodology of deriving weather indices for different types of agricultural production is outlined. The indices so derived should be useful for economic research. Indices are derived for wheat, barley, oats, rye, culinary potatoes, industrial potatoes, sugarbeet, legume crops, oilseed rape, flax, fodder beet and silage maize in the Netherlands for each year from 1948 to 1989. The most extreme variations in the indices were