Different Types Of Adipose Tissue Research Articles

Cross-talk between adipose tissue and microbiota-gut-brain-axis in brain development and neurological disorder

The gut microbiota is an important factor responsible for the physiological processes as well as pathogenesis of host. The communication between central nervous system (CNS) and microbiota occurs by different pathways i.e., chemical, neural, immune, and endocrine. Alteration in gut microbiota i.e., gut dysbiosis causes alteration in the bidirectional communication between CNS and gut microbiota and linked to the pathogenesis of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorder. Therefore, now-a-days microbiota-gut-brain-axis (MGBA) has emerged as therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorder. But, experimental data available on MGBA from basic research has limited application in clinical study. In present study we first summarized molecular mechanism of microbiota interaction with brain physiology and pathogenesis via collecting data from different sources i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science. Furthermore, evidence shows that adipose tissue (AT) is active during metabolic activities and may also interact with MGBA. Hence, in present study we have focused on the relationship among MGBA, brown adipose tissue, and white adipose tissue. Along with this, we have also studied functional specificity of AT, and understanding heterogeneity among MGBA and different types of AT. Therefore, molecular interaction among them may provide therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological disorder.

Mapping lipid species remodeling in high fat diet-fed mice: Unveiling adipose tissue dysfunction with Raman microspectroscopy

Dysregulated lipid metabolism in obesity leads to adipose tissue expansion, a major contributor to metabolic dysfunction and chronic disease. Lipid metabolism and fatty acid changes play vital roles in the progression of obesity. In this proof-of-concept study, Raman techniques combined with histochemical imaging methods were utilized to analyze the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on different types of adipose tissue in mice, using a small sample size (n = 3 per group). After six weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, our findings showed hypertrophy, elevated collagen levels, and increased macrophage presence in the adipose tissues of the HFD group compared to the low-fat diet (LFD) group. Statistical analysis of Raman spectra revealed significantly lower unsaturated lipid levels and higher lipid to protein content in different fat pads (brown adipose tissue (BAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT), and visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT)) with HFD. Raman images of adipose tissues were analyzed using Empty modeling and DCLS methods to spatially profile unsaturated and saturated lipid species in the tissues. It revealed elevated levels of ω-3, ω-6, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols in BAT adipose tissues of HFD compared to LFD tissues. These findings indicated that while cholesterol, ω-6/ω-3 ratio, and triacylglycerol levels have risen in the SWAT and VWAT adipose tissues of the HFD group, the levels of ω-3 and ω-6 have decreased following the HFD. The study showed that Raman spectroscopy provided invaluable information at the molecular level for investigating lipid species remodeling and spatial mapping of adipose tissues during HFD.

Anti-obesity effects of Bifidobacterium lactis YGMCC2013 by promoting adipocyte thermogenesis and beige remodelling in association with gut microbiota

Obesity, a global public health challenge, is closely associated with gut microbiota alterations. Probiotics have the potential to prevent obesity, but their effectiveness can vary depending on the specific strain. This study focused on evaluating the anti-obesity and probiotic properties of four Bifidobacterium species isolated from healthy Chinese individuals in vitro. The findings indicated that Bifidobacterium lactis YGMCC2013 showed notable cholesterol assimilation ability, bile salt hydrolase activity, gastrointestinal tolerance, cellular adhesion, and production of short-chain fatty acids. The anti-obesity effect of YGMCC2013 was then assessed in mice fed a high-fat diet. The results demonstrated that YGMCC2013 reduced body and liver weight, adipose tissue hypertrophy and inflammation, and influenced specific microbial genera associated with adipose tissue characteristics. Notably, the study observed associations between certain microbial genera and different types of adipose tissue, indicating that YGMCC2013 may impact the balance and function of adipose tissue through its effects on the gut microbiota. Furthermore, YGMCC2013 enhanced the thermogenic capacity of brown and beige adipocytes, and improved the structure and function of the gut microbiota. These improvements were reflected by an increase in short-chain fatty acids produced by beneficial bacteria in the intestine, and the activation of metabolic pathways related to energy and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, YGMCC2013 modulated the expression of il-27 and tgr5 signaling pathways in adipose tissue, which might be involved in regulating adipose tissue inflammation and energy expenditure, respectively. These findings collectively demonstrate that YGMCC2013 has potential as a probiotic candidate for preventing obesity and improving metabolic health by influencing the gut-adipose tissue axis.

Spermidine activates adipose tissue thermogenesis through autophagy and fibroblast growth factor 21

Spermidine exerts protective roles in obesity, while the mechanism of spermidine in adipose tissue thermogenesis remains unclear. The present study first investigated the effect of spermidine on cold-stimulation and β3-adrenoceptor agonist-induced thermogenesis in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Next, the role of spermidine on glucose and lipid metabolism in different types of adipose tissue was determined. Here, we found that spermidine supplementation did not affect cold-stimulated thermogenesis in lean mice, while significantly promoting the activation of adipose tissue thermogenesis under cold stimulation and β3-adrenergic receptor agonist treatment in obese mice. Spermidine treatment markedly enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissues, and these results were associated with the activated autophagy pathway. Moreover, spermidine up-regulated fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling and its downstream pathway, including PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of Fgf21 or inhibition of PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways in brown adipocytes abolished the thermogenesis-promoting effect of spermidine, suggesting that the effect of spermidine on adipose tissue thermogenesis might be regulated by FGF21 signaling via the PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways. The present study provides new insight into the mechanism of spermidine on obesity and its metabolic complications, thereby laying a theoretical basis for the clinical application of spermidine.

Fatty infiltration in the musculoskeletal system: pathological mechanisms and clinical implications.

Fatty infiltration denotes the anomalous accrual of adipocytes in non-adipose tissue, thereby generating toxic substances with the capacity to impede the ordinary physiological functions of various organs. With aging, the musculoskeletal system undergoes pronounced degenerative alterations, prompting heightened scrutiny regarding the contributory role of fatty infiltration in its pathophysiology. Several studies have demonstrated that fatty infiltration affects the normal metabolism of the musculoskeletal system, leading to substantial tissue damage. Nevertheless, a definitive and universally accepted generalization concerning the comprehensive effects of fatty infiltration on the musculoskeletal system remains elusive. As a result, this review summarizes the characteristics of different types of adipose tissue, the pathological mechanisms associated with fatty infiltration in bone, muscle, and the entirety of the musculoskeletal system, examines relevant clinical diseases, and explores potential therapeutic modalities. This review is intended to give researchers a better understanding of fatty infiltration and to contribute new ideas to the prevention and treatment of clinical musculoskeletal diseases.

Abnormal lipid metabolism in cancer-associated cachexia and potential therapy strategy.

Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a major characteristic of advanced cancer, associates with almost all types of cancer. Recent studies have found that lipopenia is an important feature of CAC, and it even occurs earlier than sarcopenia. Different types of adipose tissue are all important in the process of CAC. In CAC patients, the catabolism of white adipose tissue (WAT) is increased, leading to an increase in circulating free fatty acids (FFAs), resulting in " lipotoxic". At the same time, WAT also is induced by a variety of mechanisms, browning into brown adipose tissue (BAT). BAT is activated in CAC and greatly increases energy expenditure in patients. In addition, the production of lipid is reduced in CAC, and the cross-talk between adipose tissue and other systems, such as muscle tissue and immune system, also aggravates the progression of CAC. The treatment of CAC is still a vital clinical problem, and the abnormal lipid metabolism in CAC provides a new way for the treatment of CAC. In this article, we will review the mechanism of metabolic abnormalities of adipose tissue in CAC and its role in treatment.

Methodology of adipose tissue type detection in mammals

Nowadays, an interest in studying the composition, properties and functions of adipose tissue (AT) is growing among researchers, which is conditioned by its important role in the normal functioning of the body. Due to different types of adipose tissue (AT) in mammals (white, beige, brown and pink) and different physiological tasks performed by each type of AT, rapid, correct and effective detection of an AT type is highly topical. Methods used today are labor consuming and in the case of NMR and CT expensive, which limits possibilities of scientists. In this connection, the aim of this research was to develop a methodological approach allowing rapid and effective detection of an adipose tissue type. A methodology was formed based on the concept, formalized requirements for the method, step-wise structure of investigations and interpretation of results. The concept is based on differences in the structure of the adipose cell (adipocyte) of different AT types. The method is based on extraction of heme containing proteins. To this end, solvents and parameters of extraction that facilitate their better extraction have been chosen. An AT type has been determined by the total content of iron contained in the cytochrome fragment. Our own modification was selected. This modification includes preliminary mincing of a sample with the ice-cold TES buffer (pH 8.5) in a ratio of 1:5 (g: mL), homogenization at 9,000 rpm for 2 min with the following centrifugation at 10,000 g and 4 °C for 15 min. Effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by the histological and electrophoretic analyses. Therefore, the new methodology of identification and differentiation of adipocytes was proposed for rapid and effective detection of an adipose tissue type.

Purinergic receptor: a crucial regulator of adipose tissue functions.

Obesity is a public-health challenge resulting from an imbalance between energy expenditure and calorie intake. This health problem exacerbates a variety of metabolic complications worldwide. Adipose tissue is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis, and the functions within it are regulated by purinergic receptors. A1R, P2X7R, and P2YR mainly mediate energy homeostasis primarily through regulating energy storage and adipokines secretion in white adipose tissue (WAT). P2X5R is a novel-specific cell surface marker in brown/beige adipocytes. A2R is a promising therapeutic target for stimulating energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and also mediating WAT browning. Based on these features, purinergic receptors may be an appropriate target in treating obesity. In this review, the role of purinergic receptors in different types of adipose tissue is summarized. An improved understanding of purinergic receptor functions in adipose tissue may lead to more effective treatment interventions for obesity and its related metabolic disorders.

The links between adipose tissue DNA methylation, obesity, and insulin resistance: A protocol for systematic review.

Obesity is a metabolic condition brought on by the interplay of hereditary and environmental factors, making it one of the most common diseases in the world. Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity have a close connection and can both be advantageous. One of the main methods of epigenetic regulation is DNA methylation modification. Studies have demonstrated over the past few years that DNA methylation is crucial to the emergence of obesity and DNA methylation can lead to IR. Adipose tissue participates in the physiopathological processes of obesity and IR and functions as an endocrine organ controlling the body's balanced metabolism, thus, adipose tissue-associated gene DNA methylation affects the development of obesity and IR by influencing the function of adipose tissue. Hence, an explanation of current research on DNA methylation, IR, and obesity, following the most recent developments, exploring changes in DNA methylation in different types of adipose tissue in insulin-resistant patients and obese patients may enable the identification of novel targets in clinical obesity prevention and treatment. The following electronic bibliographic databases will be searched from inception for peer-reviewed original research published: MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus, and EMBASE. Cochrane Library, Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry, the National Institutes for Health Clinical Trials Registry, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to December 31, 2021 will be conducted. Systematic reviews will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. The development of search strategies will make use of medical issue phrases and keywords associated with DNA methylation, Adipose tissue DNA methylation, obesity, and IR. Identified citations will be independently reviewed by two authors to determine eligibility at the title and abstract level, and then at the full text and data extraction phases. Disagreements and conflicts will be resolved through discussion with a third author. Two authors will extract the necessary data from the included studies independently, and The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool will be used to assess the bias of randomized controlled studies, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for nonrandomized controlled studies. If the interventions and outcomes evaluated are sufficiently homogeneous, results from subgroups of studies will be pooled together in a meta-analysis.

The fates of different types of adipose tissue after transplantation in mice.

Fat grafting is one of the most commonly applied procedure for soft-tissue repair. However, it remains unclear whether the type of adipose tissue would have any effects on fat graft survival. The present study aimed to determine fates of fat grafting of three different types of fat tissue. In this study, mice were randomly divided into three groups, white adipose tissue (WAT) group, beige adipose tissue (beige AT) group and brown adipose tissue (BAT) group. Before transplantation, donor mice were injected with rosiglitazone or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The WAT and BAT were obtained from PBS-treated mice while beige AT was obtained from the rosiglitazone-treated mice. Three types of fat tissue (150 mg each) were transplanted in three groups, respectively, and harvested at 2, 4 or 12 weeks. The BAT and beige AT contained smaller adipocytes and expressed higher level of uncoupling protein-1 gene. The retention rate of the transplanted fat was significantly higher for beige than for white fat, but was significantly lower for brown than for white fat. Transplanted brown fat was characterized by upregulated inflammation and high endoplasmic reticulum stress. By contrast, fat grafts in beige AT group showed the best adipogenic capacity, moderate inflammation level and superior angiongenesis. In vitro, under hypoxic condition, fewer apoptotic cells were found in beige adipocyte group than that in brown and white adipocyte group. Conditioned medium from brown adipocytes induced M1 polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophages while that from beige adipocytes effectively promoted M2 polarization. Therefore, we suggest that beige AT provides a new potential choice for fat grafting because of low inflammation and superior survival but BAT might not be ideal for fat grafting due to its poor survival.

Bioactive Compounds and Adipocyte Browning Phenomenon.

Overweight and obesity have become worldwide health issues in most countries. Current strategies aimed to prevent or reduce overweight and obesity have mainly focused on the genes and molecular mechanisms that give the functional characteristics to different types of adipose tissue. The Browning phenomenon in adipocytes consists of phenotypic and metabolic changes within white adipose tissue (WAT) activated by thermogenic mechanisms similar to that occurring in brown adipose tissue (BAT); this phenomenon has assumed great relevance due to its therapeutic potential against overweight and obesity. In addition, the study of inflammation in the development of overweight and obesity has also been included as a relevant factor, such as the pro-inflammatory mechanisms promoted by M1-type macrophages in adipose tissue. Studies carried out in this area are mainly performed by using the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line, testing different bioactive compound sources such as plants and foods; nevertheless, it is necessary to standardize protocols used in vitro as well to properly scale them to animal models and clinical tests in order to have a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in overweight and obesity.

234-LB: Role of P311 in Adipocyte Plasticity and Metabolic Regulation

The prevalence of obesity in the United States and worldwide has increased dramatically over the past 20 years. Currently it is affecting about 40% of adults and more alarmingly about 20% of children in the US. Obesity is a major risk factor and comorbid condition for chronic metabolic conditions like insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia etcetera. Hence, the increase in the incidence of obesity and the metabolic dysregulation-associated morbidity and mortality and rising costs of treatments warrants a deeper understanding of all aspects of adipocyte biology to develop novel therapeutics to thwart this pandemic. Recent research developments identified three different types of adipose tissues, white adipose tissue (WAT) , beige adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue, increasing the complexity of adipose biology and adipocyte plasticity in metabolic regulation. P311 is a small intrinsically unstructured protein that shows adipogenic properties. We show for the first time that P311 is expressed in white, beige and brown adipose tissue and young P311 knockout mice show increased WAT and/or decreased beige AT implicating that P311 plays a key role in adipocyte plasticity and regulating quality and quantity of the AT. Further, aged P311 KOs are significantly obese with hyperglycemia and deranged glucose tolerance. Our findings are the first to show the role of P311 in adipose biology, adipocyte plasticity and metabolic regulation. Disclosure K. R. Badri: None. Funding National Institute of Health (U54MD007602, S21MD000101)

Is Fat Tissue “Plastic”?

Fat tissue, called adipose tissue, is our energy storage and it plays a vital role in the growing process. Did you know that we have three different types of adipose tissue that can convert into each other during our lives? The white adipose tissue stores fat from the foods we eat. The brown adipose tissue is responsible for heat production. And lastly, the beige adipose tissue is a form that is halfway between these two. The white and brown adipose tissues are very important to the body’s functioning. But, if we eat a lot of sugar and fat, the metabolism and functions of these tissues change, which can result in diseases like obesity and diabetes. Nowadays, scientists are studying the possibility of turning white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue, in an attempt to prevent and reverse some of these diseases.

White, beige and brown adipose tissue: structure, function, specific features and possibility formation and divergence in pigs

Introduction. Traditionally, mammalian adipose tissue is divided into white (white adipose tissue – WAT) and brown (brown adipose tissue – BAT). While the functions of WAT are well known as the triglyceride depot, the role of BAT in mammalian physiology has been under close investigation. The first description of the role of BAT in maintaining thermogenesis dates back to 1961. This article offers a review of structural and functional specificity of white, beige and brown adipose tissue.
 Results and discussion. The differences and descriptions of adipocytes and their impact on the maintenance of the main functions of the mammalian body are described in this manuscript. In particular, thermogenesis, stress response, obesity, type II diabetes. In addition to WAT and BAT, an intermediate form was also detected in the body – beige fat (BeAT or Brite). The opposite opinions regarding the presence of three types of adipose tissue in the human and animal bodies are presented. Studies on the identification of uncoupling proteins 1 and 3 and their role in the transformation of white fat into beige/brown are considered. Basically, the data on the factors of endogenous and exogenous nature on their formation are given on the example of the human body.
 Conclusion. With an abundance of publications on the keywords: “white, brown fat”, these studies, in the overwhelming majority, are devoted to the role of these fats in the formation of human thermogenesis, the assessment of the impact on obesity. Pigs have also been suggested to lack functional BAT, which is a major cause of neonatal death in the swine industry, therefore the focus on investigating role of different types of adipose tissue in pigs seems very promising in order to understand whether there is a compensating mechanism of thermogenesis.

Associations between abdominal adipose tissue, reproductive span, and brain characteristics in post-menopausal women

The menopause transition involves changes in oestrogens and adipose tissue distribution, which may influence female brain health post-menopause. Although increased central fat accumulation is linked to risk of cardiometabolic diseases, adipose tissue also serves as the primary biosynthesis site of oestrogens post-menopause. It is unclear whether different types of adipose tissue play diverging roles in female brain health post-menopause, and whether this depends on lifetime oestrogen exposure, which can have lasting effects on the brain and body even after menopause. Using the UK Biobank sample, we investigated associations between brain characteristics and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) in 10,251 post-menopausal females, and assessed whether the relationships varied depending on length of reproductive span (age at menarche to age at menopause). To parse the effects of common genetic variation, we computed polygenic scores for reproductive span. The results showed that higher VAT and ASAT were both associated with higher grey and white matter brain age, and greater white matter hyperintensity load. The associations varied positively with reproductive span, indicating more prominent associations between adipose tissue and brain measures in females with a longer reproductive span. The effects were in general small, but could not be fully explained by genetic variation or relevant confounders. Our findings indicate that associations between abdominal adipose tissue and brain health post-menopause may partly depend on individual differences in cumulative oestrogen exposure during reproductive years, emphasising the complexity of neural and endocrine ageing processes in females.

Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease.

Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability and body needs, in charge of keeping the energetic balance of the organism. During the last decades, adipose tissue has emerged as the largest endocrine organ in the human body, being able to secrete hormones as well as inflammatory molecules and having an important impact in multiple processes such as adipogenesis, metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, the cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis and metabolism of the different types of adipose tissue are not fully known. During the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated to be an excellent model to tackle some of the open questions in the field of metabolism and development of endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new hormones regulating obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. Here, we review the available evidences on the development, types and functions of adipose tissue in Drosophila and identify some gaps for future research. This may help to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this fascinating key tissue, contributing to establish this organ as a therapeutic target.

Body composition of patients with neuroblastoma using computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) is often used to investigate muscle and fat mass in adult patients with cancer. However, this method has rarely been used in the pediatric cancer population. The present retrospective study aimed to investigate changes in body composition using CT during treatment in children with neuroblastoma. CT images of 29 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma were retrospectively analyzed at diagnosis and longitudinally during treatment. The cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle, intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and skeletal muscle density at the level of the third lumbar vertebra were examined. To correct for height, cross-sectional areas were divided by height in meters squared. A linear mixed model was estimated to investigate changes in body composition over time. A small increase in skeletal muscle (p=.029), skeletal muscle density (p=.002), and IMAT (p<.001) was found. Furthermore, a rapid increase in VAT (p<.001) and SAT (p=.001) was seen early during treatment with the highest volumes after six cycles of chemotherapy. CT scans obtained during standard care provide insight into the direction and timing of changes in skeletal muscle and different types of adipose tissue in childhood cancer patients. Future research is needed regarding the consequences of the rapid increase of VAT and SAT early during treatment.

Mouse model of the adipose organ: the heterogeneous anatomical characteristics.

Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in energy storage, hormone secretion, and temperature control. Mammalian adipose tissue is largely divided into white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue, although recent studies have discovered the existence of beige adipocytes. Adipose tissues are widespread over the whole body and each location shows distinctive metabolic features. Mice are used as a representative experimental model system in metabolic studies due to their numerous advantages. Importantly, the adipose tissues of experimental animals and humans are not perfectly matched, and each adipose tissue exhibits both similar and specific characteristics. Nevertheless, the diversity and characteristics of mouse adipose tissue have not yet been comprehensively summarized. This review summarizes diverse information about the different types of adipose tissue being studied in mouse models. The types and characteristics of adipocytes were described, and each adipose tissue was classified by type, and features such as its distribution, origin, differences from humans, and metabolic characteristics were described. In particular, the distribution of widely studied adipose tissues was illustrated so that researchers can comprehensively grasp its location. Also, the adipose tissues misused or confusingly used among researchers were described. This review will provide researchers with comprehensive information and cautions needed to study adipose tissues in mouse models.

Beige Adipose Tissue Identification and Marker Specificity-Overview.

Adipose tissue (AT) is classified based on its location, physiological and functional characteristics. Although there is a clear demarcation of anatomical and molecular features specific to white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), the factors that uniquely differentiate beige AT (BeAT) remain to be fully elaborated. The ubiquitous presence of different types of AT and the inability to differentiate brown and beige adipocytes because of similar appearance present a challenge when classifying them one way or another. Here we will provide an overview of the latest advances in BeAT, BAT, and WAT identification based on transcript markers described in the literature. The review paper will highlight some of the difficulties these markers pose and will offer new perspectives on possible transcript-specific identification of BeAT. We hope that this will advance the understanding of the biology of different ATs. In addition, concrete strategies to distinguish different types of AT may be relevant to track the efficacy and mechanisms around interventions aimed to improve metabolic health and thwart excessive weight gain.

Precision Nutrition to Activate Thermogenesis as a Complementary Approach to Target Obesity and Associated-Metabolic-Disorders.

Simple SummaryRegarding the pandemic of obesity and chronic diseases associated to metabolic alterations that occur nowadays worldwide, here, we review the most recent studies related to bioactive compounds and diet derived ingredients with potential effects to augment the systemic energy expenditure. We specifically focus in two processes: the activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue and the enhancement of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in muscles. This may provide relevant information to develop diets and supplements to conduct nutritional intervention studies with the objective to ameliorate the metabolic and chronic inflammation in the course of obesity and related disorders.Obesity is associated to increased incidence and poorer prognosis in multiple cancers, contributing to up to 20% of cancer related deaths. These associations are mainly driven by metabolic and inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue during obesity, which disrupt the physiologic metabolic homeostasis. The association between obesity and hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. Importantly, the retrospective analysis of more than 1000 epidemiological studies have also shown the positive correlation between the excess of fatness with the risk of cancer. In addition, more important than weight, it is the dysfunctional adipose tissue the main driver of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and all cause of mortality and cancer deaths, which also explains why normal weight individuals may behave as “metabolically unhealthy obese” individuals. Adipocytes also have direct effects on tumor cells through paracrine signaling. Downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of leptin in serum correlate with markers of chronic inflammation, and crown like structures (CLS) associated to the adipose tissue disfunction. Nevertheless, obesity is a preventable risk factor in cancer. Lifestyle interventions might contribute to reduce the adverse effects of obesity. Thus, Mediterranean diet interventional studies have been shown to reduce to circulation inflammatory factors, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular function, with durable responses of up to 2 years in obese patients. Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil reduced the incidence of breast cancer compared with a control diet. Physical activity is another important lifestyle factor which may also contribute to reduced systemic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome associated to obesity. In this scenario, precision nutrition may provide complementary approaches to target the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. Herein, we first describe the different types of adipose tissue -thermogenic active brown adipose tissue (BAT) versus the energy storing white adipose tissue (WAT). We then move on precision nutrition based strategies, by mean of natural extracts derived from plants and/or diet derived ingredients, which may be useful to normalize the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. More specifically, we focus on two axis: (1) the activation of thermogenesis in BAT and browning of WAT; (2) and the potential of augmenting the oxidative capacity of muscles to dissipate energy. These strategies may be particularly relevant as complementary approaches to alleviate obesity associated effects on chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Finally, we summarize main studies where plant derived extracts, mainly, polyphenols and flavonoids, have been applied to increase the energy expenditure.