Different States Of Mexico Research Articles

Attitudes, Behaviors, and Perceptions of Students Vaping in Three Mexican Universities.

The increase in the popularity and use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has consistently risen worldwide and has become associated with adverse health outcomes. This study has identified the attitudes and perceptions of undergraduate students who vape in three universities in Mexico. A cross-sectional study involving 495 participants was conducted using a survey from October to December 2023. Three universities in different states in Mexico collaborated with colleges in Yucatan, Durango, and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Descriptive statistics include frequencies and percentages, and four logistic regression models were employed. In the sample, 31% and 17.54% of participants reported smoking and vaping, respectively. Students who reported vaping in the last month reported that their first experience with vaping was at an average of 17.3 years of age, and of those, 71.26% (n = 62) reported having vaped for over 100 days, while the remaining 38% reported vaping for between 2 and 100 days. Students from Veracruz and Yucatan began vaping at a younger age than in the central and northern regions. There is a need to educate students about the dangers of the chemicals in the liquids they use, the secondary exposure vapers, and the health dangers they pose.

Evaluation of microbiological safety in bioinputs produced in Mexico

Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological safety of bioinputs produced in Mexico. The main reason for this evaluation is that bioinputs are products made from the region's manures, plant residues and raw materials. The transformation of these raw materials is carried out by microorganisms present. The process goes through three stages: initial, thermophilic and final. The thermophilic stage is critical because weeds and microorganisms with pathogenic potential disappear in processes under optimal conditions.
 Methodology: 1345 bioinputs samples were received from different states of Mexico. The samples were evaluated for the presence of total and fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli under the provisions of the Official Mexican STANDARDS, NOM-210-SSA1-2014 and NOM-114-SSA1-1994.
 Results: It was possible to identify 79% of the samples with Most Probable Number values <3 of total coliforms, fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli, the minimum permissible by the Official Mexican STANDARD NOM-210-SSA1-2014, also identified 99% of samples free of Salmonella.
 Conclusions: The results obtained allow us to conclude that the bioinputs produced in Mexico are free of pathogens for humans, which can also be represented as innocuous bioinputs.

Open population approach to identify risk factors and detection of cases of heart failure in Mexico

Abstract Heart failure (HF) is one of the cardiovascular diseases that in recent years has been a cause of high morbidity and mortality, worldwide it is estimated that 2% of the population lives with this heart condition. However, Mexico, despite having a high incidence of diseases associated with the development of HF, there are no clinical-epidemiological studies of the pathology. The present project is an epidemiological study on HF carried out by the civil association with the aim of identifying risk factors (RF) associated with the clinic that allow early diagnosis as well as transmitting guidelines that can prevent the development of the disease and/or its complications in the open population (OP) of Mexico. Cardiological assessments were conducted in some states of Mexico as a pilot test of the model designed by SL called Latidos Fest (LF). Each site had the following activities like vital signs, cardiac assessment, electrocardiogram and if indicated, echocardiogram. Those who attended the assessment had to sign an informed consent form and at the end received a summary with indications according to the clinical-epidemiological findings. With the data obtained, an Excel database was created in which descriptive analyses were also performed. The statistical model Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was generated to identify quantitative and qualitative variables associated with the presence of HF and a classification tree model to establish the hierarchical value of the variables and their predictive value for the risk and detection of HF cases. For both statistical models RStudio software was used. A total of 949 cardiac evaluations in OP were performed thanks to the NGO of the LF in 7 different states of Mexico during 2022. In 68.1% of the population, at least 1 RF for developing HF was detected, 16.33% were identified as having HF with no previous diagnosis (PD), 0.74% already had a PD and 14.12% were apparently healthy. The demographic variables with the highest percentage are shown in table 1. From the FAMD model, the variables in which the individuals coincided most are shown in figure 1-A. When performing the classification trees, the overall prediction associated (OPA) to cases with and without HF was 75% confidence of which, the accuracy of classifying a case with HF was 67.4% and without HF was 82.2%; for the OPA for the risk of developing HF and not having HF the confidence was 82%, in this the accuracy of classifying without HF was 15%, however, the accuracy of classifying someone at risk of developing HF was 95.8% (Figure 1-B). Thanks to the cardiology assessments in OP that were performed in each LF, risk factors and new cases of HF were identified. With the findings in the models, it is possible to intentionally search for people with the factors found, however, it is necessary to expand the cardiological screening in other populations to check if the clinical-epidemiological parameters match or are different.Table 1.Percentage of demographic variaFigure 1.Results of the models. A. FAMD

Medical research at the Mexican Institute of Social Security: Seven decades of work, achievements, and challenges.

Since its foundation, more than 75 years ago, the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) has carried out multidisciplinary research -biomedical, clinical and epidemiological- focused on understanding and solving the medical problems that afflict its beneficiaries (more than 50% of the Mexican population). Initially, research was the result of individual and isolated efforts. In the 1960s, a small number of researchers formed the first research groups. Currently, 240 full-time scientists work at five centers and 40 research units located in different states of Mexico. In addition, approximately 270 doctors carry out clinical research at different primary, secondary and tertiary care units. During these seven decades, IMSS scientists have made relevant contributions to medicine, which have not only helped increase knowledge on the etiopathogenesis of numerous diseases, but also their diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. This article presents an overview of medical research carried out at IMSS, based on a historical approach and a review of some of the most relevant contributions in different fields of research.

Quality of life, depressive symptoms, suicidal behavior and social support among pregnant adolescents in Mexico

Background Suicidal behavior in adolescents is a public health problem. Although it has been reported that there is a link between suicidal behavior and Quality of life (QoL), this relationship has not been explored in pregnant adolescents, nor have depressive symptoms been examined as mediators and social support as a moderator in a moderated mediation model. Methods In 2021, 143 pregnant adolescents between 13 and 19 years old from different states in Mexico were evaluated. The KIDSCREEN-52 instrument was applied to evaluate the Health-Related Quality of Life, the scale of expectation of living and dying of Okasha, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, the family and partner support scale (AFA-R) and sociodemographic information. Moderated mediation analyses were completed. Results A relationship between QoL and suicidal behavior was found, and that relationship was mediated by depressive symptoms on all eighteen models. In addition, social support from the family moderated the mediation of depressive symptoms in 4 of 9 QoL dimensions, and social support from the partner moderated the mediating effect of depressive symptoms in 8 of 9 QoL dimensions. Conclusion The relationship between QoL and suicidal behavior was consistent with previous studies. The moderating role of social support and the mediation of depressive symptoms on the relationship between QoL and suicidal behavior were also consistent with the literature. Professionals who work with pregnant adolescents should consider both depressive symptoms and social support as important factors that influence QoL and suicidal behaviors.

Analytical-assertive learning styles in university students

The objective of this article was to identify the variables that make up the Learning Styles of Higher Education students from different States of Mexico. The methodology used was quantitative, synchronous, and cross-sectional exploratory and descriptive. The collection of information was carried out by means of a standardized instrument from Spain, it was applied to 1412 people. The instrument consists of two sections, in the first are the general data, the second section mentions the technique of natural semantic networks and the third section corresponds to the dimensions of Learning Styles. The importance of the present project lies in the need to know the way in which students acquire and process the acquired learning, in order to provide them with the appropriate tools for a greater understanding and construction of their own knowledge. In the students aspects of deep processing are observed, which make this one an analytical and assertive thinker in the methods of study that he carries out to obtain knowledge and give rise to self-affirmation. Students through the implementation of strategies must develop their skills, abilities and competencies.

Managerial Challenges of Emotional Labor Disruption: The COVID-19 Crisis in Mexico

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the knowledge of managing emotional labor during a crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a disrupting event, particularly affecting frontline healthcare workers and their supervisors who faced pressures to manage emotions during their interactions with patients. Emotional labor has been studied in emergencies; however, the case of Mexico offers insights into an understudied context and a long and singular crisis. Drawing from multi-level storytelling interviews with medical managers, physicians, and nurses in hospitals in different states of Mexico, this article argues that COVID-19 blurred relationships between performance and outcomes of emotional labor. As the organizational goal focused mainly on saving lives, some workers intensified and performed emotional labor innovatively, but others deviated from feeling rules. Managers’ role became crucial for employees to abide by affective requirements facing disruption.

Monitoring the resistance of Rhipicephalus microplus to amitraz, flumethrin, coumaphos, and ivermectin on cattle farms in Mexico.

The prevalence, resistance ratios and factor associated with Rhipicephalu microplus populations resistant to amitraz, flumethrin, coumaphos, and ivermectina (IVM) in Mexico were studied. Field tick populations were collected from 54 farms in 15 different states of Mexico. The dose-response bioassays were carried out using the larval immersion test (amitraz and IVM) and the modified larval packet test (flumethrin and coumaphos) against R. microplus. Mortality data were subjected to probit analysis to calculate lethal concentrations at 50%. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relation between resistance and possible associated factors. The phenotype was defined as high resistant (HR), low resistant (LR) or susceptible (S). The overall prevalence of cattle farms with R. microplus resistant to coumaphos, amitraz, flumethrin and IVM were 25.9, 46.2, 31.5 and 68.5%, respectively. For coumaphos, 74.1, 22.2, and 3.7% were classified as S, LR, and HR, respectively, whereas, for amitraz, 53.7, 24.1, and 22.2% of phenotypes were S, LR, and HR, respectively, for flumethrin 68.5, 14.8, and 16.7% were S, LR and HR respectively, and for IVM, 31.5, 46.3, and 22.2% were S, LR, and HR, respectively. We identified that cattle farms without acaricide rotation program (OR: 7.66, CL95%: 1.70-34.47, P: 0.008) had a higher probability of developing R. microplus resistant to amitraz. We concluded that amitraz and IVM resistance in R. microplus is frequent, but mainly at a low level in cattle farms of Mexico. Cattle farms without acaricide rotation program had higher probability of developing R. microplus resistant to amitraz.

Spatial epidemiological study of the distribution, clustering, and risk factors associated with early COVID-19 mortality in Mexico.

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has significantly impacted economic and public healthcare systems worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is highly lethal in older adults (>65 years old) and in cases with underlying medical conditions, including chronic respiratory diseases, immunosuppression, and cardio-metabolic diseases, including severe obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico has led to many fatal cases in younger patients attributable to cardio-metabolic conditions. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to perform an early spatial epidemiological analysis for the COVID-19 outbreak in Mexico. Firstly, to evaluate how mortality risk from COVID-19 among tested individuals (MRt) is geographically distributed and secondly, to analyze the association of spatial predictors of MRt across different states in Mexico, controlling for the severity of the disease. Among health-related variables, diabetes and obesity were positively associated with COVID-19 fatality. When analyzing Mexico as a whole, we identified that both the percentages of external and internal migration had positive associations with early COVID-19 mortality risk with external migration having the second-highest positive association. As an indirect measure of urbanicity, population density, and overcrowding in households, the physicians-to-population ratio has the highest positive association with MRt. In contrast, the percentage of individuals in the age group between 10 to 39 years had a negative association with MRt. Geographically, Quintana Roo, Baja California, Chihuahua, and Tabasco (until April 2020) had higher MRt and standardized mortality ratios, suggesting that risks in these states were above what was nationally expected. Additionally, the strength of the association between some spatial predictors and the COVID-19 fatality risk varied by zone.

Rotifer Species Diversity in Mexico: An Updated Checklist

A review of the Mexican rotifer species diversity is presented here. To date, 402 species of rotifers have been recorded from Mexico, besides a few infraspecific taxa such as subspecies and varieties. The rotifers from Mexico represent 27 families and 75 genera. Molecular analysis showed about 20 cryptic taxa from species complexes. The genera Lecane, Trichocerca, Brachionus, Lepadella, Cephalodella, Keratella, Ptygura, and Notommata accounted for more than 50% of all species recorded from the Mexican territory. The diversity of rotifers from the different states of Mexico was highly heterogeneous. Only five federal entities (the State of Mexico, Michoacán, Veracruz, Mexico City, Aguascalientes, and Quintana Roo) had more than 100 species. Extrapolation of rotifer species recorded from Mexico indicated the possible occurrence of more than 600 species in Mexican water bodies, hence more sampling effort is needed. In the current review, we also comment on the importance of seasonal sampling in enhancing the species richness and detecting exotic rotifer taxa in Mexico.

Environmental performance evaluation: A state-level DEA analysis

In recent years, the continuous development of every country's economic activities has generated undesirable impacts on the environment. Common problems are high water and energy consumption rates, jointly with harmful pollution levels. This situation has gained the research community's interest in exploring and analyzing the extent to which initiatives to reduce such environmental problems have succeeded. Therefore, it is relevant to have measures that encompass information on the results obtained by such initiatives. Using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology, it is possible to measure the efficiency of an entity under evaluation, such as an industry, state, or country. DEA also allows one to compare the performance measures of entities operating in similar circumstances and identify which entities are performing best, given the inputs they use and the outputs they produce. This study evaluates different states in Mexico in terms of their environmental performance and provides a perspective on how environmental initiatives can contribute to protecting and preserving the environment. By addressing this problem, best-performers and practices are identified, and valuable insights are gained regarding how each state carries out such initiatives.

The genetics of recurrent hydatidiform moles in Mexico: further evidence of a strong founder effect for one mutation in NLRP7 and its widespread.

To investigate the frequency of a founder mutation in NLRP7, L750V, in independent cohorts of Mexican patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles (RHMs). Mutation analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing on DNA from 44 unrelated Mexican patients with RHMs and seven molar tissues from seven additional unrelated patients. L750V was present in homozygous or heterozygous state in 37 (86%) patients and was transmitted on the same haplotype to patients from different states of Mexico. We also identified a second founder mutation, c.2810+2T>G in eight (18.1%) patients, and a novel premature stop-codon mutation W653*. Our data confirm the strong founder effect for L750V, which appears to be the most common mutation in NLRP7. We also report on six healthy live births to five patients with biallelic NLRP7 mutations, two from spontaneous conceptions and four from donated ovum and discuss our recommendations for DNA testing and genetic counseling.

Violence against health personnel before and during the health contingency COVID-19.

Violence against health personnel is an understudied phenomenon in Mexico, which has increased during periods of health contingency. To identify the prevalence and type of violence against health professionals before and during the COVID-19 health contingency and determine the characteristics of the worker with the highest exposure. Cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out during April of 2020, in 562 health workers, who answered a sociodemographic identification card and a questionnaire to know the characteristics, types and consequences of aggression before and during the contingency, through an electronic and anonymous platform. A non-probabilistic sampling (snowball) was used in different states of Mexico. 47.7% of the participants experienced aggressions, 12.8% verbal type and 34.9% verbal/physical aggressions during the last year, where women showed to be more attacked (chi squared = 12.12, p = 0.000). During health contingency, 16.8% perceived aggression, 13.2% verbal type and 3.6% verbal/physical aggression, with nurses being the most attacked (chi squared = 5.57, p = 0.018). A logistic regression model confirmed that being a woman and belonging to nursing profession has, respectively as far as 2.5 and 3 times more risk of suffering violence. Violence against health personnel requires immediate strategies, especially in critical periods in the community, where aggressions occur inside and outside of hospitals, which have an impact on worker's safety and health institutions.

Análisis de la variabilidad alélica de BmVDAC y Subolesina, dos candidatos vacunales contra Rhipicephalus microplus en aislados de México

Introducción: Las garrapatas Rhipicephalus microplus son ectoparásitos hematófagos que impactan económicamente la ganadería a nivel mundial. Los acaricidas han sido una estrategia de control efectiva pero que generan la resistencia a estos químicos y la contaminación del medio ambiente. Una alternativa para contrarrestar los daños adversos de los químicos es la utilización de vacunas, las cuales presentan eficacia variable, debido posiblemente a la diferencia en la secuencia de aminoácidos entre los antígenos de las garrapatas de diferentes zonas geográficas. Por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la variabilidad de dos antígenos vacunales: BmVDAC (Voltage Dependent Anion Channel) y Subolesina de R. microplus en aislados provenientes de diferentes estados de México.Método: Dos proteínas se seleccionaron con base a su eficacia como antígenos protectores: BmVDAC y Subolesina. Se colectaron garrapata R. microplus de distintos estados de México. Se realizaron extracciones ADN y ARN para la amplificación de bmvdac y subolesina respectivamente. Se obtuvieron las secuencias predichas de aminoácidos. Se hizo un análisis BLAST para confirmar la identidad entre las secuencias y alinearlas con el programa Clustal Omega para determinar el grado de similitud. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis con el programa MEGAX64 para determinar la relación filogenética de cada aislado.Resultados: Para BmVDAC, se observó un porcentaje promedio de identidad y similitud del 99.79% entre las diferentes secuencias de aminoácidos. En aislados de Chiapas, Nayarit, Media Joya, Querétaro, Tamaulipas y Guerrero se observó un porcentaje de identidad y similitud del 99.87%. Jalisco, Tabasco y Sinaloa presentaron el 99.56% en identidad y similitud. En promedio se observa un porcentaje de variabilidad de 0.21%. En el alineamiento de Subolesina con aislados de Yucatán, Nayarit, Querétaro, Chiapas, Sinaloa, Veracruz y Tamaulipas, y la cepa Munoz, se observó un porcentaje promedio de identidad del 99.87% y similitud del 100% entre las secuencias de aminoácidos. De las ocho secuencias, siete presentaron procentaje de identidad del 99.91%, mientras que para Nayarit el porcentaje fue de 99.39%. La variabilidad promedio fue del 0.13%. Los análisis filogenéticos no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las secuencias utilizando el método UPGMA. El porcentaje promedio obtenido del método Bootstrap de 10000 réplicas para los árboles filogenéticos de bmvdac y subolesina fue de más del 50%.Discusión o Conclusión: Este reporte representa la primera investigación respecto al grado de conservación entre aislados de R. microplus de diferentes estados en México para BmVDAC y Subolesina, dos candidatos vacunales contra esta garrapata. Considerando la variabilidad presentada entre las secuencias de los diferentes aislados de R. microplus, se puede concluir que BmVDAC y Subolesina son antígenos que se encuentran conservados, por lo que pueden considerarse como candidatos vacunales. Esta información es relevante para la selección de antígenos empleados en vacunas anti-garrapatas R. microplus en México.

Association between APOE polymorphisms and lipid profile in Mexican Amerindian population.

BackgroundApolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a glycoprotein that plays an important role in lipid homeostasis at both cerebral and systemic levels. Moreover, the differential distribution of APOE gene alleles among different populations, means that ApoE isoforms could have different effects on lipids metabolism. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between APOE gene alleles and the lipid profile in a Mexican Amerindian (MA) population.MethodsThis study included 1997 MA individuals of different ethnicities distributed throughout different states of Mexico. All individuals underwent anthropometric measurements as well as laboratory tests including fasting glucose (FG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C). TaqMan® probe genotyping assays were used to genotype APOE. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to determine the correlation between APOE gene alleles and genotypes and the biochemical variables measured.ResultsAmong the biochemical variables analyzed, only the HDL‐C and LDL‐C levels showed statistical differences (p‐value < .05) between individuals carrying different APOE alleles. For HDL‐C, individuals carrying the E2 allele had higher HDL‐C levels, followed by individuals carrying the E3 allele and carriers of the E4 allele presented the lowest levels of HDL‐C (E2 > E3 > E4). This relationship was inversed for LDL‐C levels (E2 < E3 < E4). Nevertheless, the difference of HDL‐C levels between APOE‐E3 and APOE‐E4 carriers remained only in obese individuals.ConclusionsOur results suggest that APOE gene genotypes play an important role in the differential modulation of lipid profiles in the MA population with obesity.

Psychopathology and self-harm among incoming first-year students in six Mexican universities.

To estimate psychopathology and self-harm behavior of incoming first-year college students, sociodemographic correlates, service use and willingness to seek treatment. 4 189 male and female incoming first-year students of six universities in four different states of Mexico responded to an online survey with a 79.3% response rate. Almost one in three incoming students has experienced some type of psychopathology; however, only one in five has received treatment. Female, students who are older, whose parents are not married or deceased, and who have a non-heterosexual orientation, no religion or a non-Catholic/Christian religion have greater odds (1.18 - 1.99), whereas those who attend a private university and have a parent with some college education have lower odds (0.68 - 0.75) of experiencing any probable disorder. Substantial unmet need for mental health services combined with reported willingness to use university services suggests an opportunity for the detection, referral, and treatment of incoming students to promote a successful transition.

Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) and dung removal in Mexican livestock pastures

In the present article, a summary and analysis of literature published in Mexico on the removal and burial of dung by dung beetles, a primary function that represents an ecosystem service of great importance for livestock production, is presented. Studies from distinct ecosystems are examined, emphasizing the findings in livestock pastures with active grazing in several different states of Mexico. In addition, the unpublished results of the authors obtained in pastures across an altitudinal gradient in central Veracruz are presented for a dung exposure time of 24 hours. No significant differences were found in species richness among sites. However, differences were found in the dung removal rate; higher values were found at the sites with higher elevation and lower values at sites with lower elevation. The species with the highest biomass included the 3 largest species and small but very abundant species. Nocturnal tunnelers reincorporated the largest quantity of dung over the first 24 hours; in contrast, rollers only removed dung at the lowest areas of the gradient (< 250 m asl). However, much more information is still required regarding the capacity of the different functional groups and dung beetle species for dung burial in the livestock production zones of Mexico.

Mycotoxigenic potential of phytopathogenic moulds isolated from citrus fruits from different states of Mexico

The main phytopathogenic moulds on citrus fruits, besides from causing great post-harvest losses, are capable of producing mycotoxins that are highly toxic for any human or animal that might eat th...

Two Grammatical Tasks for Screening Language Abilities in Spanish-Speaking Children.

This study assessed concurrent validity evidence for 2 grammatical tasks of a new screener, the Tamiz de Problemas de Lenguaje, for identifying monolingual Spanish-speaking children at risk for specific language impairment with grammatical deficits. A total of 770 4- to 6-year-old monolingual, Spanish-speaking children with and without language impairment were sampled from 3 different states in Mexico. Multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to assess the predictive utility of the model and the classification accuracy of the tasks. The criterion was diagnosis of specific language impairment with grammatical deficits on the basis of a comprehensive language assessment. Results indicated that sensitivity estimates ranged from .90 to .94 and specificity estimates from .83 to .92. Overall, there was a good balance between sensitivity and specificity estimates with moderate to large positive and negative likelihood ratios. Results suggested that the 2 grammatical tasks are suitable for identifying 4- to 6-year-old monolingual Spanish-speaking children at risk for grammatical deficits.

Estudio morfológico de Aleuropleurocelus abnormis (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) y nuevos registros de especies del género para México

Aleuropleurocelus abnormis (Quaintance, 1900) es una mosca blanca de la subfamilia Aleurodinae la cual fue poco estudiada en su clasificación inicial. En este estudio se da una descripción morfológica detallada para contribuir en el actual estado y desarrollo de la taxonomía del género. Los especímenes revisados fueron de diferentes estados de México y EUA, las características morfológicas son ilustradas por medio de fotografía digital y se discuten diferencias de A. nevadiensis con otras especies de forma oval. Especímenes de A. abnormis se encontraron en un ejemplar de herbario en una especie de Quercus con etiqueta de colecta de Luisiana, EUA. Se reporta nuevo registro de A. hyptisemoryi para Baja California Sur y Baja California México en Hyptis emoryii y Hipis albida.