Different Stages Of Social Development Research Articles

Uticaj društva na transformaciju porodice / The Influence of Society on the Transformation of the Family

The family is the oldest form of social organization. From its creation until today, it has gone through numerous stages of its transformation. Its changes are conditioned by social development and their material and social assumptions. Family values are based on cultural and religious values, values of human community and human reproduction. At different stages of social development, the family occupied different functions and had different roles. They are conditioned by the degree of social democratization as well as the exercise of rights and freedoms that the systems enable their citizens, i.e. members of family communities achieve. The significant social

The Development History of International Housing Rental Market and Implication for China

Since the industrial revolution in the 18th century, under the background of different historical stages, this study chose the representative typical regions or countries of that period to analyze the origin, background and policy process of the development of the rental housing market. From the perspective of time evolution, it presents the “epitome” of the development of the rental housing market in each region under different stages of social development. Based on the perspective of international comparison, this paper summarized the general rules of the development of international rental housing market, with a view to forming useful experience and inspiration for the development of China’s housing rental market. At present, China’s housing rental market is under construction, and in the process of development, it is necessary to focus on balancing three pairs of relationships, namely, the relationship between foreign experience and domestic reality, the relationship between social market and the government, and the relationship between housing and people􀆳s livelihood. In this regard, it is recommended that the top-level policy design of policies for the housing rental market in line with the national conditions be accelerated and supporting measures be improved; the synergistic development of government-subsidized rental housing and market-oriented rental housing be strengthened, and the responsibility of employers be brought into play; and the housing rental market be in accordance with city-specific policies to meet the housing needs of different types of citizens.

POSTMODERN REKLAM AFİŞİ TASARIMI

The history of the art of graphic design and posters goes back to cave drawings during the Stone Age. Graphic design and posters are based on social needs and change in different stages of social development. They are now enjoying one of the apexes of their development. The art of graphic and poster design which developed and evolved in the historical and social development process, has taken on new dimensions during the transition from the modern to the postmodern period in accordance with the needs of our society of consumption and by using the technical/technological tools and methods within this period. In particular, the invention of the printing press, lithography, and the Industrial Revolution have led to great leaps in the art of graphic and poster design as in all other areas of life. Computer and digital technologies that were first developed in the middle of the 20th century almost brought about a revolution in the art of graphic and poster design. These great breakthroughs caused technical and technological innovations and changed the art of graphic design. While education in graphic design acquired an institutional dimension, its aims and objectives were transformed. Discussions of postmodernism, new forms of relationship, concepts and schools are reflected in the art. Relationships between postmodernism and graphic design, poster styles categorized as postmodern and advertising culture have caused new debates. Advertisements and advertising posters have acquired new forms to meet the needs of today’s consumer society, which are getting more and more complex. Its dynamics have changed posters and advertising. This study discusses the evolution of the art of graphic and poster design within the whole historical and social development process, its dimensions, postmodernism and striking examples of postmodern advertising posters.

Formation and Development of Investigation of Misdemeanours as a Form of Pre-trial Investigation in Ukraine (the 18th–19th Centuries)

The article deals with the preconditions of differentiation of forms of pre-trial investigation in Ukraine in the 18th–19th centuries. The concept of investigation of misdemeanours as a form of pre-trial investigation at different stages of social development are considered. The base source of the Russian Empire is examined, with the aspects of using of the term “investigation of misdemeanours” in law enforcement practice thoroughly covered. It is established that this term at the legislative level and in the literary sources held for a long time is subject to transformation in terms of its functional direction. The paper offers a description of the study of the early stage of development and a comparison with the modern form of pre-trial investigation. It is established that at all stages of its development there is a common feature: the provision of a simplified order.The article presents the key differences between the knowledge at the early stage of its creation and the modern form of pre-trial investigation. However, the investigation of misdemeanours starts from the moment of the illegal act until the end of the pre-trial investigation. At first, this investigation of misdemeanours had few signs of research verification. The collected materials were examined by the proceedings and could not be determined by full evidence without appropriate “legalization” procedures. The investigation of misdemeanours had not clearly defined a procedural form and was not limited to specific deadlines, and depended almost entirely on the inner convictions of the individual who conducted this knowledge. In the legislation of the pre-revolutionary period, the investigation of misdemeanours should be carried out by a wide range of authorized persons (police ranks, military and civilian authorities, clergy, government officials, village elders, and others). The investigation of misdemeanours was carried out in everything without exception of crime, regardless of its severity at those times.It is proved that the modern model of pre-trial investigation represents the positive historical experience and the right opinion. Today we can observe a consistent procedure of the implementation of the exercise, a special circle of authorized persons, and the introduction of a balance of appropriate differentiation of forms of pre-trial investigation.

THE ROLE OF MORAL VALUES IN ADOLESCENTS AND THEIR ROLE IN DE ROLE IN DETERMINING THE CRI TERMINING THE CRITERIA OF SPIRI A OF SPIRITUAL PERFECTION

Background. This article presents an analysis of the inimitableness of early adolescence and the factors of development of moral awareness during puberty, as well as the methodology for determining moral qualities in students. Methods. Understanding the content of values can vary at different stages of social development and vary in proportion to the social needs of society. It is therefore very difficult to find values that are uniformly universal for different periods. But while this situation has values that are different for different periods and at the same time for different social strata, there are also universal values that are equally important for different historical periods, different cultures, different strata of the population. Results. Adolescents are found to have a sense of social duty, morality, respect for parents, friendship, brotherhood. Adolescents are identified and prevented from misbehaving in the formulation of morality. Being able to feel other people in this way is a manifestation of spiritual values such as altruism, kindness, compassion, love.

Понимание справедливости: анализ результатов фокус-групп на примере студенческой молодежи

The appeal to the study of the concept of "justice" is due to several reasons: the ambiguity of the concept itself, its evolution in various socio-cultural contexts, the social need for a reflexive analysis of justice itself as a value that is being transformed in the process of social change, realized by researchers, justice has a special meaning for the self-determination of young people, who, in the process of upbringing, assimilated the transmitted values of an industrial society, but right now in society there are changes in morality, value attitudes, the system of ideals and norms, and an important place in this foundation should be given to "justice" as a category of moral, legal and socio-political. In this regard, the phenomenon of justice requires study and reflective analysis. Of particular interest is the study of the following questions: How does justice fit into the new structure of social space? Doesn't this concept of integrity and universality lose? Does society retain the value perception of justice in its "traditional" form, or is there a value erosion, as a result of which value actually disappears, turning into a simulacrum? The authors made an attempt to record the dynamics of the meanings of justice at different stages of social development, and also, through the focus group method, to establish that the concept of justice among young people, on the one hand, has not yet been fully reflected, but at the same time is an element of their value system, The “new” understanding of justice among young people is associated with the idea of the existence of conditions that provide an opportunity for self-realization for everyone, the disclosure of a person's inner resources. Young people consider the aspect of caring for people with disabilities, disabled, unemployed to be important in defining justice.

Preconditions of Emergence and Development of Sharing Economy: Theoretical and Civilizational Approaches

The relevance of this research reflects the fact that the issues of consumption are as important for steady economic growth and sustainable social development as the issues of production and investment. However, there is no sufficient theoretical base on the subject for now.
 The purpose of this research is to describe the diverse continuum of consumption development processes across different stages of social development, which preceded and contributed to the evolution of the sharing economy in its modern form.
 Classical and neoclassical schools and, to some extent, institutionalism approached the category of consumption and discovered some characteristic features. Further, the evolutionary analysis of this phenomenon is addressed in conjunction with the three-stage historical civilizational concept comprising the agrarian, industrial and post-industrial stages.
 The major factors are identified which contribute to the development and advance of the sharing economy as a result of the evolutionary trajectory of consumption across various societal stages.

THE EFFECTS OF MARRIAGE ON THE MARRIED WOMAN’S POSSESSIONS AS STIPULATED BY THE 1864 CIVIL CODE

It is well-known that in human history the relations between women and men have not always been under the sign of equality. Thus, during matriarch the mother established the rules within the family, while patriarchy has given man the prerogatives of the majority. The rights that the man has had on the woman and children have evolved throughout history, according to the different stages of social development and implicitly to the rules of those historical periods. This paper analyzes the married woman's incapacity in the regulation of the Romanian Civil Code of 1864 , which has as primary source of inspiration the French Civil Code (Napoleon’s Code) 1804. The Constitution of 1948 brought important changes in family relationships, through the consecration of new principles, among which that of gender equality. Subsequently, the equality between women and men in all areas of social life has left its mark on the relations between spouses, so that the legislative changes to the Civil Code and afterwards to the Family Code of 1954 balanced the relationship between spouses. The current Romanian Civil Code, which entered into force on October 1, 2011, reaffirms and strengthens the equality between spouses, both in terms of relations between them and of the exercise of parental authority.

ОБРЕТЕНИЕ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДИХОТОМИИ «СВОИ - ЧУЖИЕ»

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of identity acquisition in the conditions of “one’s own people - foreigners” choice. The content side of national identity is analysed at different stages of social development, the ideologeme “enemy” is correlated with the notion “foreigners”. In the modern multidimensional world, primitivization of the notion “national identity” and its dual principles are demonstrated actively. The results of the analysis can be used in evaluating identity under the conditions of the in-group existence, determining the methods of influencing national identity formation, which allows tracing the tendencies to acquire identity at present.

On the Ability of the Modern University to Meet the Challenges of Sustainable Development

In the article technologies of knowledge transfer at different stages of social development are discussed. The priority and effectiveness of a particular technology of knowledge transfer is determined by the conditions and the state of the external environment. The technology of knowledge transfer is relevant in the conditions of post-industrial development, which is characterized by adaptability and provides a high speed of learning appropriated to the trends of the development of the external environment.

An Interpretation of Female Images in <i>One Hundred Years of Solitude</i>

<i>One Hundred Years of Solitude</i> is a masterpiece of Gabriel García Márquez, which tells the history of the Buendía family. There are all together eleven female images in this novel, all of whom play important roles in the rise and decline of this great family. This paper tries to interpret three representative female images in this novel who have decisive impacts on the destiny of this family, namely Úrsula Iguarán, Fernanda, and Amaranta Úrsula. Úrsula Iguarán is an image eliminating gender binary opposition, and Fernanda is an image that has no say in a patriarchal society, while Amaranta Úrsula represents the awakening of self-awareness of females who decide to fight against patriarchy. These three females represent different stages of social development, and show that only when females become confident and independent, awaken their self-awareness, and dare to fight against patriarchal oppression, can their subjectivity be fully achieved. Their destiny also reflects García Márquez’s confusion about women’s position in a patriarchal society, that is, although he calls for gender equality, men still have the dominant power.

Мусульманское общество между фундаментализмом и либерализмом: проблема гражданского общества

The author examines the issue of civil society in the Muslim world in general and in Russia in particular. It received a special significance after the Cold War, when liberal democracy and the concept of civil society were proclaimed as universal models, able to explain features of the modernization process. Research and practical realization of this process in non-Western societies is strongly influenced by the identification of the institution of civil society with the Western post-Christian civilization, with liberal political culture. However, historical experience shows that civil society cannot be transferred from a different social environment, it must grow on its own culture. This totalizing universalistic thinking and the functionalist-evolutionist modernization approaches are not conducive to finding an answer to the question of the existence of civil society in non-Western societies. It needs a civilizational approach, a historical analysis of cultural contexts of occurring processes of modernization, establishing a market economy, democratic political regimes and civil society. The contemporary postmodern discourse supposes civilizational multiplicity of political modernity and political modernization process. The key in these circumstances is a question about the peculiarities of the coexistence in the modern world societies at different stages of social development. In particular, it is necessary to take into account the possible coexistence of several pre secular cultures (Islamic, Confucian) and liberal democracy as post secular phenomenon.

AVAR KHANATE IN THE HISTORY OF DAGHESTAN: HISTORICAL FLASHBACK

In the article the author research the forming of Avar Khanate as one of the largest state space in the Caucasus. We consider the origin of the process of formation and development of the Avar medieval state of Sarir in the mountainous Dagestan. To the VI century there is beginning the formation of political union, where was an organization of power in the form of domination of one person with the despotic nature of power, which in the X century gets its final form. Sarir territory covered a large area highland, foothill and planar portion of Dagestan, which combines a number of states, kingdoms and tribes standing at different stages of social development. The military servile nobility is noticeable Turkic ethnic element. This was not unique to Sarir, it was characteristic of other feudal domain of Dagestan. The article shows also how the state Sarir in the XII century broke up into small areas. On the territory of Khunzakh district was formed Avar Nutsal Space that existed from the XII to XIX centuries. On the territory of Avaristan since ancient times formed state formation first known as Sarir, Avar Khanate, Avar Nutsal Space, Avar District.

Formation of methodical competence of future Ukrainian language teachers

The article deals with the essence and peculiarities of the scientific school in the coordinate system of higher art education, also in the field of paradigmatic perspective. Characterized by the identification characteristics of scientific schools in higher arts education and their achievements. Conducted historical digression into the problem of determining the nature, structure and characteristics of the scientific school at different stages of social development. Based on the analysis of modern concepts’ identification of scientific schools described the major trends in reproduction research culture in the scientific community. The article highlights leading scientific schools at art education since the time of independence of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the mechanism of occurrence of a new school is the differentiation of the old school or the integration around a new direction of research. Paradigms of Thomas Kuhn “found” by studying the system’s organization of cognitive group or reputable research samples, which are used as new search models. A crucial role is played by the commonality of aims, scientific-methodological commonality of evaluation criteria and the most importantly is the presence of a leader, the author of the original ideas and methods. A significant role in the development of scientific schools is their influence on art education. Scientific schools in higher arts education provide the reproduction of scientific-pedagogical culture in the next generation of scientists.

The phenomenon of scientific school at higher art education

The article deals with the essence and peculiarities of the scientific school in the coordinate system of higher art education, also in the field of paradigmatic perspective. Characterized by the identification characteristics of scientific schools in higher arts education and their achievements. Conducted historical digression into the problem of determining the nature, structure and characteristics of the scientific school at different stages of social development. Based on the analysis of modern concepts’ identification of scientific schools described the major trends in reproduction research culture in the scientific community. The article highlights leading scientific schools at art education since the time of independence of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the mechanism of occurrence of a new school is the differentiation of the old school or the integration around a new direction of research. Paradigms of Thomas Kuhn “found” by studying the system’s organization of cognitive group or reputable research samples, which are used as new search models. A crucial role is played by the commonality of aims, scientific-methodological commonality of evaluation criteria and the most importantly is the presence of a leader, the author of the original ideas and methods. A significant role in the development of scientific schools is their influence on art education. Scientific schools in higher arts education provide the reproduction of scientific-pedagogical culture in the next generation of scientists.

What are infants learning about race? A look at a sample of infants from multiple racial groups.

Little empirical knowledge exists about the importance of culture and the sociopolitical context of race's influence on the social development of infants and young children. In this article, we review current research on the transmission of race and culture to the developing child. Utilizing a historical theoretical framework proposed by Margaret Mahler and colleagues' (1975) theory of infant's development of a separate self, we will examine the potential influence of racial context on children's development. Observational videotaped research methods will be used to describe several young children ages 6 months to 36 months from several racial/ethnic groups and their preferences for "same-race" and "different-race" dolls during structured play. How infants at different stages of social development notice differences associated with racial phenotype of toys during their play, how parents of these young children discuss issues of culture and race with their children, and the reasons underlying these discussions will be described for this sample. Finally, we discuss future research questions and areas of study suggested by the findings of this pilot study.

Border Times And Geopolitical Frames The Martin Walsh Memorial Lecture 2006

Cet article associe l’idée de la frontière à l’opération du bornage de l’espace au cinéma. Il propose une généalogie du bornage de l’espace par le cadrage cinématographique qui démontre que les codes du montage narratif classique traduisent un désir de dématérialiser l’espace et ses frontières. Un processus semblable s’applique aux notions de communication et de média, même dans les commentaires politiques critiques de Hardt et Negri, qui risquent toujours de dematérialiser l’espace géopolitique concret par l’adoption irréfléchie des concepts de « média », « communication » et « spectacle ». Dans ce contexte, From the Other Side (De l’autre coté) de Chantal Akerman représente une intervention au,coeur de. cette généalogie du cadrage qui vise à ré-imaginer la matérialisation de l’espace et des frontières au sein de notre compréhension du présent.

The Matrilineal Household Community in Lancang Lahu Society

The Lahu minority in southwestern Yunnan consists of three branches, the Black, Yellow, and White Lahu. These three branches had reached different stages of social development at the time of Liberation. Some had already entered feudal society, while others still preserved many traces of primitive society. The matrilineal household community is a remnant of earlier family and marriage institutions. In this article, we employ ethnographic data and a methodological analysis of historical remnants to introduce to the reader the Yellow Lahu matrilineal household community in the Nuofu area of Lancang County, Yunnan.

The Economic Law of Population Distribution and Migration

"The economic law of population distribution and migration has been studied chiefly based on the Chinese situation. The distribution and development of productive forces decide the distribution and migration of population, and in turn, the latter influences the former. The population distributions in three different stages of social development, namely agricultural, industrial and information society, are described. A new concept in population economics is introduced, i.e. population economic density, which is different from the concept of population density. The formula of population economic density is P(population)/R(resources). Many kinds of migration are analysed, and it is believed that the main efficient cause of migration is economy."

Conservative Thought and the English Bourgeoisie

It is argued by Mannheim that conservative thought, of which he takes Romanticism as an example, is anti-bourgeois thought. However English Romantic Conservatism does not appear to fit this model. English conservative thought (for example, Burke and Disraeli) is not anti-bourgeois. Furthermore English Romantic conservatism exhibits certain parallels with Wesleyan Methodism (hereafter referred to as Methodism) which acts, via its work ethic, as an ideological support for the bourgeoisie. The article explores the relationship of English Romantic conservatism to the bourgeosie, its similarities and differences regarding the thought of the latter, and the cultural functions it performs. This throws light on the sociological determinants of Romanticism. These are complex, it is argued, but basically there is an interplay of traditional pre-capitalist and more modem influences, reflecting the interpenetration of different stages of social development. Romantic conservatism, it is claimed, provides a rich source of symbolism for the modem bourgeoisie and traditional (mercantile and agricultural) capital, demonstrating its ambivalence regarding modern and traditional milieux. At the same time, it remains a non-bourgeois, pre-capitalist type of thought. Its major significance lies in its contribution to the elaboration of more hegemonic forms of dominant culture than would otherwise have been possible, it is concluded.