Different Stages Of Change Research Articles

Transtheoretical model to predict the stages of changes in smoking cessation behavior among adolescents.

Previous studies on adolescent smoking cessation behavior based on the transtheoretical model have primarily focused on the development of cessation programs. Attempting to quit smoking is a prerequisite for executing smoking cessation. Appropriate methods must be selected based on the characteristics and intentions of individuals to increase smokers' satisfaction and success rates in quitting. Therefore, this study aimed to identify changing processes influencing the stages of change associated with successful smoking cessation among adolescents and examined the related factors. This descriptive study explored a transtheoretical model of different stages of changes in smoking cessation behavior among adolescent smokers. The participants included 237 middle and high school students in South Korea. We examined the differences in stages of changes in smoking cessation behaviors based on general characteristics, smoking-related characteristics, smoking cessation change processes (cognitive and behavioral), smoking decisional balance (pros and cons of smoking), and self-efficacy. The probability of reaching the preparation stage of smoking cessation was significantly lower among participants who did not know their father's educational level than among those who knew their father's educational level. Conversely, this probability was significantly higher among participants whose mothers had a college or higher education level and those who did not know their mother's educational level than in those whose mothers had a high school or lower education level. These findings indicated that parental education is a significant predictor of the preparation stage of smoking cessation, highlighting the importance of the family environment in facilitating smoking cessation among adolescents. Accordingly, communication and support at home could help reinforce adolescents' determination to quit smoking and make relevant plans. Thus, smoking cessation support should stress the need to enhance communication at home.

Determinants of factors affecting readiness of academic institutions to conduct knowledge translation in low- and middle-income countries.

Capacity building strategies have been used to improve uptake of knowledge translation (KT) activities among academic institutions, but little is known about their effectiveness, contextual responsiveness, and adaptability. Many of these strategies target individuals while few address institutional gaps. This research describes the determinants for conducting KT (or readiness to conduct such activities) at the institutional level across diverse LMIC contexts to inform the development of capacity building strategies. We conducted a survey to assess organizational readiness to conduct KT to public health researchers and practitioners from six academic institutions in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, DRC, India, Indonesia and Nigeria and members of a global knowledge-to-action working group. We assessed the frequency of barriers and facilitators to KT and their relationship to age, gender, country, and KT experience. We then performed logistic regression to identify determinants of five underlying factors demonstrated to influence KT readiness in LMICs (Institutional Climate, Organization Change Efficacy, Prioritization and Cosmopolitanism, Self-Efficacy and Financial Resource) along with their composite score, which represented an overall readiness score to conduct KT. A total of 111 responses were included in the final analysis. Participants represented 10 LMICs; a majority were 30-49 years old (57%) and most were male (53%). Most participants had professional foci in research (84%), teaching (62%), and project coordination (36%) and 59% indicated they had experience with KT. Common facilitators included motivated faculty (57%) and dedicated personnel (40%). Funding (60%), training (37%), and time (37%) were the most frequently reported barriers. In the adjusted model, age, gender, country, and professional focus were significantly associated with at least one factor. Prior experience with KT was significantly and positively (OR = 9.07; CI: 1.60-51.58; p < 0.05) associated with the overall KT readiness to conduct KT. Different KT readiness factors are relevant for younger (institutional climate) vs. older (self-efficacy) academic professionals, suggesting value in cross-generational collaborations. Leadership and gender were both relevant for organizational change efficacy indicating a need to engage leaders and promote women to influence organizational change. Institutions in different countries may be at different stages of change; readiness assessments can be used to systematically identify needs and develop targeted strategies.

Motivational Interviewing and Chronic Care Management Using the Transtheoretical Model of Change.

The number of Americans living with chronic health conditions has steadily increased. Chronic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States and cost the healthcare system an estimated $4.1 trillion dollars a year. The role of social workers in assisting patients in the management of their chronic diseases is vital. The behavioral health changes often required of chronic care management (CCM) patients require support and intervention by professionals to help the patient improve self-management of their chronic health conditions. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based practice that helps people change by paying attention to the language patients use as they discuss their change goals and behaviors. Applying the principles and strategies of MI within the stages of change model (transtheoretical model of change) can help social workers better understand and assist patients receiving CCM. This article outlines specific strategies the social worker can use to address motivation at different stages of change.

Effects of the Trends in Spring Sensible Heating over the Tibetan Plateau during Different Stages on Precipitation in China

The spring sensible heating (SSH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which can significantly affect the precipitation in China, has experienced three different stages of change, showing significant increasing (1961–1979, Stage I), decreasing (1980–2002, Stage II), and increasing (2003–2014, Stage III) trends. In this study, the impact of these different trends in TP SSH on spring precipitation (SPR) in China and their possible mechanisms are investigated, based on observations and the reanalysis product. In Stage I, the SPR represents a contrasting north-south pattern associated with the increasing TP SSH, showing increasing trends over southern China and decreasing trends over central and northern China. Further, the spatial distribution of SPR trends shows a contrasting east-west pattern in Stage II. That is, persistent weakening TP SSH plays a more crucial role in increasing and decreasing SPR over southwestern and southern China, respectively. However, compared with the significant trend in SPR in Stage III, the regulation of TP SSH on SPR weakens significantly. Dynamically, the increasing TP SSH in Stage I can strengthen the subtropical westerly jet in the upper layer, simultaneously configured with an anomalous cyclone in northeastern China, which deepens the East Asian trough. Thus, anomalous convergence in the upper layer occurs over central and northern China, favoring the downdraft. It then causes more cold and dry air to move southward in the lower troposphere, which then encounters the warm and wet southwest airflows, boosting the updraft over southern China. In Stage II, regression analysis shows that if the TP SSH increases, an anomalous cyclone in the middle and upper troposphere occurs over the western TP, causing the downdraft and less precipitation over southwestern China, while a cyclone in the lower troposphere occurs over the western North Pacific and extends to southern China, promoting the ascending motions and more precipitation in southern China. However, in this stage, TP SSH actually weakens, thus contributing to more precipitation over southwestern China and less precipitation over southern China.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Water Supply Services in the Li River Basin

The water supply services of the Li River are essential for the ecological environment and local social development. Based on the InVEST model, we quantitatively analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of water supply services in the Li River Basin from 2000 to 2018 at multiple scales, including the raster, sub-basin, and regional scales, clarified the differences in water yield among different land use types, and explored the different stages of changes in the characteristics of water services. The results revealed four key aspects of this system. (1) The water supply service of Li River Basin showed a spatial distribution pattern of high in the north and low in the south, and the water yield gradually decreased from north to south. (2) Among the various land use types in Li River Basin, the average water supply capacity decreased in the following order: artificial surface, unused land, grassland, forest, cropland and wetland. (3) The average amounts of water services in the 18 sub-basins varied widely, with four sub-basins belonging to the high-value area for water supply services, eight in the middle-value area, and six in the low-value area. (4) From 2000 to 2010, the regions with large fluctuations in water supply services include the midstream region, Lipu River region, and the northern region of Gongcheng River; while from 2010 to 2018, the areas with large fluctuations were in the midstream region and Gongcheng River region. The results of this research increase our understanding of the water supply services in the Li River Basin and provide a critical scientific basis for the reverse compensation of a regional ecological compensation mechanism.

Stage-emotion compatibility and the effectiveness of antismoking campaigns in South Korea: tailoring guilt and shame appeals to individuals in different stages of change

ABSTRACT In many domains of health risk prevention and management, tailoring messages specifically for different stages of change is critical. In the context of smoking cessation, this research represents an initial attempt to discover stage-specific affective profiles in terms of guilt versus shame. It then examines whether stage-congruent emotional appeals increase the persuasiveness of antismoking campaigns. Study 1 found that participants felt more negative self-conscious emotions as they entered the later stages of smoking cessation, showing more salient emotional states of guilt rather than shame. Study 2 found that stage-emotion compatibility, such as that exhibited by participants in the early stages of change, was not altered by emotional appeals regardless of the emotional type. In contrast, those in the later stages of change perceived guilt rather than shame appeals to be more effective and displayed greater smoking cessation intention. Through this, current research takes an important step toward theoretically identifying the affective states associated with different stages of change for smoking cessation and helps practitioners use emotional appeals effectively and appropriately in public health campaigns.

Persuasive strategy implementation choices and their effectiveness: towards personalised persuasive systems

ABSTRACT Persuasive systems motivate behaviour change using persuasive strategies (PS) which are often implemented in various ways. However, whether or not the effectiveness of PS varies depending on implementation choices is yet to be investigated via an empirical study. We conduct a large-scale study of 568 participants to investigate if and how individuals at different Stages of Change (SoC) respond to different implementations of each strategy in the same system. We also explore why the implementations motivate behaviour change using ARCS motivation model. Our results show that people’s SoC plays a significant role in the perceived effectiveness of different implementations of the same strategy and that the implementations motivate for different reasons. For instance, people at the precontemplation stage are motivated by reward strategy implemented as badges because it increases their Confidence, while people in the preparation stage prefer reward implemented as points to build their Confidence. Our work links SoC theory with motivation theory and Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model to offer practical guidelines for tailoring PS implementations to individuals to motivate behaviour change.

Smoking Cessation Interventions across Different Stages of Change

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The current cessation therapies devised include cognitive-behavioral treatments and pharmacotherapies. Pharmacological strategies can have the unfortunate side-effect of opioid additions. Cognitive-behavioral techniques have been used for smoking cessation in varying degrees of efficacy. This variance results from a myopic view of interventions and a lack of understanding of the target population. The current study uses Exploratory Factor Analysis to group different interventions in cognitive, therapeutic, emotion-focused, and behavioral interventions. The current study also identifies the efficacy of different groups of interventions across different stages of change. The current research can inform future smoking cessation campaigns to develop tailored interventions for the target population.

Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Clinical and Genetic Features and Therapeutic Approaches

Xeroderma pigmentosum is rare genetic disorder characterized by increased skin sensitivity to damaging ultraviolet (UV) light. First symptoms manifest at early age in most cases (up to 75%). Chronic damage due to sun exposure is common, it has different stages of changes and risk of further development of malignant tumors that depends on the gene involved. Additionally to skin manifestations there are various neurological disorders such as progressive cognitive dysfunctions, sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia, pyramid and extrapyramidal disorders, areflexia. Treatment of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum is mostly symptomatic and preventive (protection against UV). Nowadays targeted medications for DNA repair and increasing cells resistance to UV light, thus preventing the oncological diseases, are under development.

Psychometric properties of the traditional Chinese version of the 20-item Decisional Balance Scale

ABSTRACT Background Precise evaluation of decisional balance status of victims with substance use disorder is essential for individualized treatment plans. Decisional Balance Scale (DBS) has been proven useful for this purpose. We translated DBS to traditional Chinese (CDBS) and examined the psychometric properties. Methods A total of 173 outpatients with heroin or methamphetamine use disorder completed CDBS. We performed exploratory factor analysis to explore the structure of CDBS. We also examined internal consistency, item analysis, and test–retest reliability. The validity was tested by comparing respondents’ scoring (1) in different stages of change and (2) before/after group psychotherapy. Results The CDBS had identical structure as the original DBS. Two subscales (“Pros” and “Cons” of using drugs) were identified and each composed of 10 items. Item analysis revealed no redundant items. The Cronbach’s alpha for the Pros and Cons subscales were 0.903 and 0.884, whereas the test–retest reliability were 0.372 and 0.431, respectively. Respondents in advanced stage of change and completing group psychotherapy had decreased Pros scores and increased Cons scores. Conclusions The validity and reliability of the CDBS were fair, though the test–retest reliability was lower than expected. The results supported CDBS to assess motivation of outpatients with illicit drug use disorder.

La maritimización y su huella territorial: una trayectoria sociotécnica.: El caso de la Bahía de Pasaia (País Vasco, España)

The objective of this article is to describe the process of maritimization using the concept of the sociotechnical trajectory of the Bay of Pasaia since the XVI century, date from which cartography is available, up to the present time thanks to the development of geographic information systems (GIS), which allow locating places with precision, by means of maps prepared from existing historical cartographic and documentary sources on the matter. In this exercise, it is proposed to distinguish the events of the ruptures in order to produce a geohistorical synthesis through the elaboration of maps whose purpose is to study the port footprint in a territory over time. The methodology used observation, through the old maps, of the different stages of change and mutation of the city-port relationship and measurement of this process in its spatial dimension. This approach questions the role of a port in the process of territorial construction and, ultimately, allows us to question the legitimacy of decreasing ports to retain a form of authority in terms of territorial development.

Influence of Processes of Change on Stages of Change for Smoking Cessation

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of death in the world, accounting for more than eight million casualties. To reduce the prevalence of smoking, government and nongovernment players use interventions to reduce smoking and/or incite smoking cessation. These interventions are based on behavior change models. Foremost among those models is the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change developed by Dr Prochaska. The transtheoretical model theorizes that smoking cessation is a stage-wise change. This change is enabled by a set of processes of change. The current study identifies the relationship between two basic constructs of the model: processes of change and stages of change. The study also identifies the relative importance of different processes of change in different stages of change. Data analysis from this study shows that different processes of change have a differing influence on various stages of change. Experiential processes have a significant influence on the precessation stages and lack significant influence on the postcessation stages. On the contrary, behavioral processes have a significant influence on the postcessation stages and lack significant influence on the precessation stages.

Investigating the relevance of the traditional marketing mix across different stages of change: empirical evidence from household recycling

PurposeThis study aims to provide empirical evidence and a different perspective on the relevance of the traditional marketing mix in social marketing programmes. This is a response to the ongoing debate about the (in)compatibility of the traditional marketing mix (the 4Ps) in the field of social marketing. In doing so, this study examines the important role that the stages of behaviour change play in influencing the effectiveness of traditional marketing mix elements in the context of recycling in South African households.Design/methodology/approachThis study follows a quantitative method, relying on a survey of 699 heads of households in South Africa. Multigroup analysis and structural equation modelling were applied to test the impact of stages of changes on the potential effect of marketing mix elements on the intention to recycle household waste.FindingsThe results established that although the traditional marketing mix elements have a marginal effect on the intention to recycle household waste, further analyses revealed that this impact of the marketing mix is contingent on the stage of change in which the target audience is found. Thus, the findings indicated that the marketing mix elements significantly influence the intention to recycle when the target audience is at the contemplation and preparation phases.Originality/valueWhilst both critics and proponents of the adoption of the traditional marketing mix in social marketing initiatives have provided relevant arguments, the debate had remained largely theoretical. This study discusses the limitations of the traditional marketing mix in behaviour change programmes and the need for a segmented approach based on the stages of behaviour change when using the 4Ps. However, given the hegemony of the 4Ps in the social marketing literature, this study sheds light on the appropriate “Ps” to activate to influence recycling behavioural intention at different stages of change.

Dialect Levelling: A Case Study of Ìkàr??-Àkókó Dialect

This study investigates the factors that are responsible for the levelling of Ìkàr??-Àkókó dialect. Specifically, the paper examines the impacts of Nigerian indigenous languages, especially Yorùbá, on the dialect. The study aims at identifying the patterns of changes in the dialect and their impacts on the ethnic identities of the people. The work is based on the variationist approach pioneered by William Labov in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The tools used for data collection include questionnaire, oral interview and observation. The findings of the study reveal that the dialect manifests different stages of changes, vital domains like home, school and work place, which are supposed to be the strongholds of this dialect are being encroached upon by languages other than the mother tongue in the study area. It was found that the changes in the dialect are not due to the influence of English language only, but to indigenous Nigerian languages, mostly Yorùbá. It was concluded that the gradual levelling of Ìkàr??-Àkókó dialect is caused in part by restricted domains of use, increase in population; lack of commitment to indigenous language use by the native speakers; and suppressive language policy in the nation. The study recommends sensitization campaigns as a way of maintaining and sustaining the status of indigenous languages.

Explaining intention to reduce red and processed meat in the UK and Italy using the theory of planned behaviour, meat-eater identity, and the Transtheoretical model

This study aimed to contribute to the growing literature investigating the psychosocial factors associated with intentions to reduce red and processed meat consumption, given the significant negative impact of meat on public health and in contributing to climate change. A framework combining the Theory of Planned Behaviour with meat-eater identity and the Transtheoretical Model was used to explain intention to reduce red and processed meat consumption across participant samples in the UK and Italy, to identify the factors involved in encouraging behaviour change whilst also considering differences in culinary practices. University students in the UK (n = 320) and Italy (n = 304) completed an online survey including measures from the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Transtheoretical Model, as well as a measure of meat-eater identity. The results showed differences in the relative impact of subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and meat-eater identity, on behavioural intention across the different stages of change and across the two countries. On the other hand, attitude remained a stable predictor across the different stages of change and in both countries. The results are discussed in relation to existing literature, with the goal of increasing understanding of how reduced meat consumption might be encouraged across different populations.

Relationship between Cognitive-Behavioral Processes and Stages of Change in Nutrient Use in Overweight Women Referring to Health Centers in Isfahan.

Background:The positive impact of post-needs assessment training on the correction of eating habits is remarkable. The aim of present study was to determine the relationship between cognitive-behavioral processes and stages of change in nutrient use in overweight women referring to health centers in Isfahan.Materials and Methods:The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 during a three-month period. Using systematic random sampling, 260 overweight women referring to Isfahan comprehensive health centers were chosen. Data collection was performed by a four-part researcher-made questionnaire including demographic information form, stages of change of behavior, cognitive and behavioral processes questionnaire, and standard 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. After confirming its validity and reliability, it was completed by the researcher. Data were then entered N4 software perfect and analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests (ANOVA and Bonferroni Post-Hoc).Results:59.30% of the subjects were in an inactive and 40.70% in an active phase. There was a significant difference with respect to different stages of change and the use of all behavior change processes (F4= 11.42, p < 0.001). The rate of using cognitive and behavioral processes increased during the nutrient change behavior (p < 0.001).Conclusions:The results of the study showed that moving away from pre-contemplation stage to maintenance phase increases the rate of using these processes that is due to the stability and improvement of changed behavior. Therefore, health plans should be designed based on the stage of the target group.

Glycine-Serine-Threonine Metabolic Axis Delays Intervertebral Disc Degeneration through Antioxidant Effects: An Imaging and Metabonomics Study.

Although intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) can be described as different stages of change through biological methods, this long and complex process cannot be defined in stages by single or simple combination of biological techniques. Under the background of the development of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and the emerging metabonomics, we based on animal models and expanded to the study of clinical human degeneration models. The characteristics of different stages of IDD were analyzed by omics. Omics imaging combined with histology, cytology, and proteomics was used for screening of the intervertebral disc (IVD) of research subjects. Furthermore, mass spectrometry nontargeted metabolomics was used to explore profile of metabolites at different stages of the IDD process, to determine differential metabolic pathways and metabolites. NMR spectroscopy was used to qualitatively and quantitatively identify markers of degeneration. NMR was combined with mass spectrometry metabolomics to explore metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathways were determined through protein molecular biology and histocytology of the different groups. Distinguishing advantages of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for analysis of metabolites and effective reflection of structural integrity and water molecule metabolism through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were further used to verify the macrometabolism profile during degeneration. A corresponding model of in vitro metabolomics and in vivo omics imaging was established. The findings of this study show that a series of metabolic pathways associated with the glycine-serine-threonine (Gly-Ser-Thr) metabolic axis affects carbohydrate patterns and energy utilization efficiency and ultimately delays disc degeneration through antioxidant effects.

Structural and electrochemical characterization of low-cost LixCu1-xCoy Fe1-yO3-δ cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell

Lowering the operating temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell by low-cost material is still a challenge. The present study reports LixCu1-xCoyFe1-yO3-δ (x = 0.20, 0.40, y = 0.20, 0.40) composite material as a potential cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). This mixed ionic electronic conducting material (MIEC) is synthesized by sol-gel method. The X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) is considered to examine biphasic sharp crystalline, hexagonal and monoclinic structure while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used to analyse surface morphology which is found to be porous, distinct almost homogenous particles of varying size of novel composite cathode material. The results revealed that composite nanostructured particles have appropriate porosity with diffused channels and no crack. Thermal properties are studied by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) that showed different stages of changes with the respective rise of temperature (40°C–800 °C). The investigation of electrical properties was carried out by DC four-probe method that showed conductivities of Li0.2Cu0.8Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ and Li0.4Cu0.6Co0.4Fe0.6O3-δ was 14.81 Scm−1 and 11.59 Scm−1 respectively. The significant power and current densities as 68.20 mWcm−2, 736 mAcm−2 for Li0.2Cu0.8Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ and 60.1 mWcm−2, 713 mAcm−2 for Li0.4Cu0.6Co0.4Fe0.6O3-δ respectively were achieved. The preliminary results showed that the LixCu1-xCoyFe1-yO3-δ (LCCF) was highly capable cathode material to get IT-SOFC with SDC electrode.

Effect of web-based and software-based educational intervention on stages of behavior change of students' physical activity.

INTRODUCTION:The present study aims at designing and evaluating the effect of new educational media-based educational intervention on students' stages of behavior change of physical activity.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:In the present interventional study, 225 students of medical sciences university were assigned into two experimental and one control groups using proportional stratified random sampling, where web-based and software-based educational interventions were used. Data were collected using International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Marcus's stages of change scales, and a self-made questionnaire including constructs of barriers, benefits, and self-efficacy. Evaluation was conducted through pretest and posttest and immediate and 2 and 6 months of follow-ups after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, Friedman, one-way ANOVA, and ANOVA with repeated measure.RESULTS:Based on the results, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups before the intervention (P = 0.37); however, immediately and 2 and 6 months after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of stages of change (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the experimental group, the educational intervention led to improvement of individuals in the stages of change of physical activity. At 6-month follow-up, 75.4% of the software group and 60.6% of the web group achieved the maintenance stage.CONCLUSION:The results suggest that designing intervention based on people's level of preparation for changing behavior and using new educational methods such as web and software were effective on individuals' progress in different stages of change of physical activity behavior and physical activity rate.

Transitions in rural settlements and implications for rural revitalization in Guangdong Province

Since the implementation of China's open-door policy in 1978, the number, structure, and environmental conditions of rural settlements have changed dramatically. This study examined the changes in rural settlements and the factors behind rural change in Guangdong Province using land-use datasets from 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, a digital elevation model, and data for transport networks and physical characteristics. Different stages of change in the rural settlements became evident: there was expansion from 1980 to 2000 and rapid decline from 2000 to 2010. Urban growth was facilitated by converting high-production cropland. The density of rural settlements was highest in areas with medium-level development: the density was highest in eastern and western parts of the province, lower in the center, and lowest in the north. The patterns and changes in rural settlements were most strongly related to water sources and transport systems; however, some physical variables (terrain, precipitation, and temperature) were significantly associated with the probability of occurrence of rural settlements. We argue that comprehensive, systematic planning systems should be established for rural areas and that it is necessary to recognize the value of the cultural heritage of southern Guangdong. To ensure the success of a rural revitalization strategy, it is important to introduce regional development schemes that resolve inequalities between less and more economically developed areas.