Different Sources Of Selenium Research Articles

Consumer safety of feed additives containing selenium

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety for the consumer of products from animals fed diets with feed additives containing selenium as an active substance. Based on the limited data set available and the several uncertainties, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of organic selenium at the currently maximum authorised use level of 0.2 mg supplemented selenium from organic sources/kg complete feed (within a maximum of 0.5 mg total selenium/kg complete feed) leads to an exceedance of the UL for all the population categories (except elderly and very elderly), suggesting a concern for consumer safety. It was not possible to conclude on the safety of the currently maximum use level of 0.5 mg total selenium/kg complete feed for all consumer categories. Additional data from studies specifically designed to measure deposition of selenium in tissues and products from animal origin resulting from the use of the different sources of selenium would be required to perform a proper risk assessment.

Supplementation of different sources of selenium on laying performance, egg quality traits, and shell calcification expressions in 50 weeks Lohmann Brown layer hen reproductive tract

Massive consumption and exportation of eggs in Malaysia are possible by maintaining and improving layer productive performances and egg quality through antioxidant supplementation such as selenium. The bioavailability of organic selenium in tissues resulted in a preference for organic selenium in poultry diets. The present study assesses the effects of feeding 50 weeks layer hens with sodium selenite, selenised yeast, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, ADS18 as a source of selenium and vitamin E on laying integrity, egg qualities, and reproductive gene expressions. The four different treatments (diets) used in the experiment were tagged as follows: Control: a basal diet containing 100 mg/kg vitamin E, SS: basal diet plus 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite, Se-yeast: basal diet plus 0.3 mg/kg selenised yeast, and VADS18: basal diet plus 0.3 mg/kg ADS18. Productive performances were analysed throughout a 90-days of production. Eggs were collected biweekly, and egg qualities were measured. The uterine and magnum tissues were examined for the genes ovocleidin and ovocalyxin; OCX32, OCX36, OC17 and OC116. The results showed that Se-yeast significantly (P < 0.05) increased laying integrity, while VADS18 supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased egg weight. Supplementation of different selenium sources significantly (P < 0.05) improved egg production and quality. Additionally, uterine gene expression was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by VADS18 supplementation. Therefore, adding organic selenium to the diet maintained various laying performance indicators, egg qualities, and upregulated gene expression. Further evaluations are required to determine the optimum inclusion level of ADS18 poultry.

The Role of Selenium on the Status of Mineral Elements and Some Blood Parameters of Blood Serum of Lambs.

Selenium is one of the compounds belonging to the trace minerals group, which needs less than 100 mg/day. This element is one of the main constituents of selenoproteins, and the function of selenoproteins is to help make DNA and protect cells from damage and infection. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of different sources of selenium on some mineral elements in the blood serum of lambs. This experiment was conducted using twenty 4-month-old lambs with an average weight of 37±2.2 kg, 4 treatments, and 5 replications in a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments tested included control, sodium selenite, nano selenium, and VitEsel. The experiment duration was 30 days, and blood sampling of lambs was performed at the beginning of the experiment (zero), 15, and 30 days. Different sources of selenium significantly affected the concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc (P<0.05). Different sources of selenium in this experiment decreased the concentration of iron and copper and increased the concentration of zinc and plasma selenium in different periods (P<0.05). Using different sources of selenium changed the concentration of the studied elements and showed the difference in their bioavailability.

"Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Different Sources of Selenium on Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Barbari Bucks"

"Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Different Sources of Selenium on Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Barbari Bucks"

A Comparison of the Beneficial Effects of Inorganic, Organic, and Elemental Nano-selenium on Nile Tilapia: Growth, Immunity, Oxidative Status, Gut Morphology, and Immune Gene Expression.

This study investigates the effects of different sources of selenium (inorganic (SSE), organic (OSE), and elemental nano-selenium (NSE)) on the performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In total, 204 Nile tilapia fingerlings were randomly divided into 4 equal groups fed 1 of 4 diets: a control (adding no selenium) and 3 diets as selenium sources (1mg/kg diet), After a 65-day feeding trial, the growth performance parameters of Nile tilapia were significantly enhanced by dietary selenium supplementation (P < 0.05), with the highest values recorded in the OSE- and NSE-supplemented groups. The selenium-supplemented groups had the highest packed-cell volume, hemoglobin, and red blood cell levels, with the highest values seen in the NSE-supplemented group (P < 0.05). Innate immune-related enzymes and immunoglobulin levels were significantly enhanced with selenium supplementation (P < 0.05); the NSE group demonstrated the highest significant levels of these enzyme activities (P < 0.05). In all selenium-supplemented groups, malondialdehyde levels were significantly and equally reduced (P < 0.05) compared with levels in the control. Bactericidal activity was only enhanced in the NSE group (P < 0.05) compared with other treatments. The expression of TNF-α and IL-Iβ genes was significantly upregulated in selenium-supplemented groups, with the highest expression in the OSE and NSE groups (P < 0.05). These findings support the importance of incorporating selenium in the diet of Nile tilapia. Furthermore, elementary nano-selenium is more effective than inorganic or organic selenium supplementation at improving Nile tilapia growth performance and overall health.

The Effect of Different Sources of Selenium and Microencapsulation of Selenium on Fertility and Hatching Traits in Arbor Acres Broiler Breeder

The Effect of Different Sources of Selenium and Microencapsulation of Selenium on Fertility and Hatching Traits in Arbor Acres Broiler Breeder

Effects of different sources of selenium (sodium selenite, selenomethionine, and nanosilicon) on growth, immune and hematology of the whole mono-sex triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Effects of different sources of selenium (sodium selenite, selenomethionine, and nanosilicon) on growth, immune and hematology of the whole mono-sex triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Nano-Bio Selenium Synthesized by Bacillus subtilis Modulates Broiler Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota, and Expression of Tight Junction's Proteins.

A green and ecofriendly bio-based synthesis of nano selenium particles was performed using the Bacillus subtilis and the products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Dietary treatments included a control diet nonsupplemented with selenium and control diet supplemented with different sources of selenium (sodium selenite, organic Se, and nano-bio Se), resulting in a total of 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 10 chicks. Broilers were assessed for performance measures, ileum morphometry, and microbial population and jejunum tight junction proteins' relative expression. The particle size of the synthesized selenium nanoparticles ranges 40 to 150nm, with crystalline spherical shape. Inclusion of selenium increased body weight (BW) and improved FCR compared to the control diet (P < 0.05). Among the selenium sources, the highest BW were achieved in chicks fed sodium selenite or nano-bio Se. Selenium supplementation meaningfully (P < - 0.01) changed ileum morphology and reduced ileum microbiota. Inclusion of selenium increased the relative weight of the carcass, breast, and thigh and reduced the relative weight of the liver and bursa of Fabricius on day 42 (P < 0.01). The relative length of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were increased on day 14 but reduced on day 42 by inclusion of selenium (P < 0.05). Supplementation of selenium increased (P < 0.01) the expression of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occluden-1 and reduced (P < 0.01) the expression of claudin-5 and zonula occluden-2 on day 28. Inclusion of nano-bio selenium increased (P < 0.05) the expression of occludin, zonula occluden-1, and zonula occluden-2 and reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of claudin-5 compared to the organic selenium and sodium selenite on day 42. In conclusion, this data suggest feasibility of the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, the data reported herein demonstrate that nano-bio selenium can effectively improve performance and intestinal integrity compared to the common organic and inorganic sources of selenium.

Response of Phalaenopsis Orchid to Selenium and Bio-Nano-Selenium: In Vitro Rooting and Acclimatization

Rooting of orchids is still the main real problem that obstructs its propagation, as roots are hardly to develop in nature. So, Orchid needs to improve its propagation by enhancing its rooting development in vitro. The plant tissue culture of orchids is the most promising field that has been commercially used for getting of virus-free and high-quality rooted plants and representing around 70 % of transplants production. In this study the, shoots of in vitro plantlets were separated and cultured on half MS medium supplemented with nano-Se (0,10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg l-1) or corresponding doses of bulk type selenite (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg l-1) in separates treatments with or without 0.5 mg l-1 NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid). The two different sources of selenium (i.e., nano-Se and sodium selenite) were selected at mentioned concentrations to improve orchid rooting and acclimatization. Supplementation of half MS medium with 50 mg l-1 nano-Se + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA recorded the highest significant value of rooting percentage and root length as well. Whereas, half MS medium with 40 mg l-1 nano-Se + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA gave the optimum number of roots. On the other hand, this enhancing effect decreased after fortified the culture medium with 10 mg l-1 selenite. It could be concluded that in vitro rooting of Phalaenopsis orchid was improved by supplementation of nano-Se up to 50 mg l-1 in presence of 0.5 mg l-1 NAA consequence, acclimatization process was enhanced.

Supplemental dietary selenium enhances immune responses conferred by a vaccine against low pathogenicity avian influenza virus

Selenium is a trace mineral that has antioxidant activities and can influence the immune system. However, antiviral effects of selenium have not been well studies in chickens. Chickens were therefore fed diets supplemented with two levels of two different sources of selenium (organic: selenium enriched yeast; SEY or inorganic: sodium selenite; SS). Chickens in the control groups did not receive supplemental dietary selenium. At 14 and 21 days of age, chickens were vaccinated with an inactivated low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (AIV, subtype H9N2) vaccine and blood samples were collected to determine the level of antibodies using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and ELISA. At 30 days of age, chickens were also challenged with the same virus and swab samples were collected to assess the amount of virus shedding. Antibody levels, as measured by HI, increased significantly in the chickens that received higher levels of SEY at 16 days post vaccination. ELISA titers for IgM and IgY were higher in selenium supplemented chickens. Comparing to challenged control, virus shedding was lower in organic as well as inorganic selenium treated groups. Therefore, it may be concluded that supplemental dietary selenium could enhance vaccine conferred immunity thereby impacting protection against viral challenge in chickens.

Effect of feeding different sources of selenium on growth performance and antioxidant status of broilers

ABSTRACT 1. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different sources of selenium (Se) on breast and liver tissue deposition, apparent metabolisable energy (AME), growth performance and antioxidant status of broilers, measured as Se content in liver and breast tissues and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood, when used in 0–35 d broiler chicken diets. 2. A total of 200 male Ross 308 broilers were used in the feeding trial, which comprised two dietary phases, a starter from 0 to 21 d and finisher from 21 to 35 d of age. Four treatments with 10 replications each were used. A control diet (C) was formulated that was sufficient in protein and energy (230 and 215 g/kg of crude protein and 12.67 and 13.11 MJ/kg of metabolisable energy, respectively), for both phases, but contained background Se only from the feed ingredients. Diet 2 (IS) was supplemented with 10.35 g/t inorganic, elemental source of Se. Diet 3 (SY) was supplemented with 136.36 g/t selenised yeast, an organic source derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Diet 4 (SS) was supplemented with 0.666 g/t sodium selenite, an inorganic source. 3. Birds fed the SY diet consumed less and weighed less than those fed IS or C (P < 0.05; 0–35 d of age), but there was no difference compared to birds fed SS diets. There were no differences in FCR or dietary AME between broilers fed different Se sources. All diets containing supplementary Se increased concentrations in the liver and breast muscle, and for GSH-Px levels in blood compared to birds fed the C diet (P < 0.001). Birds fed SY diets had greater Se levels in liver and breast tissues compared to birds fed any of the other diets (P < 0.001). 4. Diets supplemented with Se had variable effects on broiler growth performances and antioxidant status. Feeding Se from a yeast source has higher transfer into breast tissues. Feeding different sources and levels of Se to birds in a more challenging situation to induce oxidative stress may bring more conclusive results.

Maternal dietary supplementation with different sources of selenium on antioxidant status and mortality of chicken embryo in a model of diquat-induced acute oxidative stress

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal dietary supplementation with different sources of selenium (Se) on antioxidant status and mortality of chicken embryo in a model of diquat-induced acute oxidative stress. A total of 180 Meihuang-4 broiler breeders (40wk old) were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments: basal diet (Control), basal diet supplemented with 0.15 mg Se/kg of sodium selenite (SS) or selenomethionine (SM)). Birds were raised for 12 wk. From 10th to 11th week of the experiments, 960 eggs were collected (40 effs per replicate) and assigned into 2 diquat-injected treatments (0 or 25 μg diquat injected on 17th day). There were 3 dietary Se treatments × 2 diquat-injected treatments (CON, SS, SM, CON-DIQ, SS-DIQ, SM-DIQ) in this experiment, each of which was replicated eight times. Then, 240 eggs were slaughtered for analysis on 18th day of hatching, and 720 eggs were used for mortality statistics on 21st day. Results showed that diquat significantly affected chicken embryos mortality and nitric oxide (NO) content, total antioxidation capability (T-AOC), protein carbonyl content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity, total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and B-cell Leukemia Lynmphoma 2 (bcl-2) content in liver (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, broiler breeders fed with Se had lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, NO content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, protein carbonyl,caspase-3 content and higher T-AOC, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), MPO activity, XOD activity, MAO activity, bcl-2 content in liver (P < 0.05). There were interactions between dietary Se and diquat in chicken embryo mortality and NO content, CAT activity, MPO activity, MAO activity, caspase-3 content and bcl-2 content (P < 0.05). After diquat-injected, SM-DIQ group had lower chicken embryo mortality, NO content, caspase-3 content, bcl-2 content and higher MPO activity, MAO activity than CON-DIQ group (P < 0.05). Inconclusion, this study indicated that diquat significantly increased free radicals and induced oxidative stress in chicken embryos; maternal dietary supplementation with Se could alleviate the negative effects of diquat in chicken embryos, and SM had better protective effects against oxidative stress induced by diquat than SS.

The Effect of Different Sources of Selenium on Performance, Health, Growth Factor and Some Blood Parameters of Holestine Dairy Calves

The Effect of Different Sources of Selenium on Performance, Health, Growth Factor and Some Blood Parameters of Holestine Dairy Calves

Effect of different sources of selenium on performance and characteristics of immune system of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with 500 Ross 308 broiler chickens to investigate the effect of three different sources of selenium on performance and characteristics of immune system. Chickens were arranged in 10 treatments and five repetitions (10 chickens for each repetition). Ten treatments of experimental diet were considered in the study, including a basal diet (control); 0.5, 0.8, and 1.2 mg nano-selenium + basal diet (three treatments); 0.5, 0.8, 1.2 mg selenomethionine + basal diet; and 65, 80, and 100 mg vitamin E + selenium + basal diet. Findings suggested that adding selenomethionine (1.2 mg) to the basal diet resulted in a significant effect on feed conversion ratio and weight of broilers. In fact, weight and bursa of Fabricius were significantly under influence of the diets containing nano-selenium. Moreover, a significant difference was observed in the antibodies produced against Newcastle and influenza as well as the total immunoglobin and IgG produced against sheep red blood cell at two stages in the group treated with nanoselenium. Finally, results indicated that nano-selenium can better improve performance and immune system of broilers compared with diets containing selenomethionine and vitamin E.

Gene ontology analysis of expanded porcine blastocysts from gilts fed organic or inorganic selenium combined with pyridoxine

BackgroundGene ontology analysis using the microarray database generated in a previous study by this laboratory was used to further evaluate how maternal dietary supplementation with pyridoxine combined with different sources of selenium (Se) affected global gene expression of expanded porcine blastocysts. Data were generated from 18 gilts randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets (n = 6 per treatment): i) basal diet without supplemental Se or pyridoxine (CONT); ii) CONT + 0.3 mg/kg of Na-selenite and 10 mg/kg of HCl-pyridoxine (MSeB610); and iii) CONT + 0.3 mg/kg of Se-enriched yeast and 10 mg/kg of HCl-pyridoxine (OSeB610). All gilts were inseminated at their fifth post-pubertal estrus and euthanized 5 days later for embryo harvesting. Differential gene expression between MSeB610 vs CONT, OSeB610 vs CONT and OSeB610 vs MSeB610 was performed using a porcine embryo-specific microarray.ResultsThere were 559, 2458, and 1547 differentially expressed genes for MSeB610 vs CONT, OSeB610 vs CONT and OSeB610 vs MSeB610, respectively. MSeB610 vs CONT stimulated 13 biological processes with a strict effect on RNA binding and translation initiation. OSeB610 vs CONT and OSeB610 vs MSeB610 impacted 188 and 66 biological processes, respectively, with very similar effects on genome stability, ceramide biosynthesis, protein trafficking and epigenetic events. The stimulation of genes related with these processes was confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.ConclusionsGene expression of embryos from OSeB610 supplemented gilts was more impacted than those from MSeB610 supplemented gilts. Whereas maternal OSeB610 supplementation influenced crucial aspects of embryo development, maternal MSeB610 supplementation was restricted to binding activity.

Effects of Selenium- and Chromium-Enriched Diets on Growth Performance, Lipid Profile, and Mineral Concentration in Different Tissues of Growing Rabbits.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with different sources of selenium and/or organic chromium on the growth performance, digestibility, lipid profile, and mineral content of hair, liver, and fore and hind limb of growing rabbits. A total of 150 weanling New Zealand White (NZW) male rabbits were randomly allotted to six dietary treatment groups: (1) basal diet (control group), (2) basal diet + 0.6mg sodium selenite/kg diet, (3) basal diet + 0.6mg selenium yeast/kg diet, (4) basal diet + 0.3mg sodium selenite/kg diet + 0.3mg selenium yeast/kg diet, (5) basal diet + 0.6mg chromium yeast/kg diet + 0.6mg selenium yeast/kg diet, (6) basal diet + 0.6mg chromium yeast/kg diet. Only the combination between inorganic and organic selenium led to significant improvement in body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Carcass traits were not different in all groups. Selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) were deposited in the tissues of rabbits fed diets supplemented with Se and Cr, respectively. Blood serum in both of selenium- and chromium-supplemented groups showed declined total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Group supplemented with organic chromium showed higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) than the other groups. It could be concluded that using a mixture of inorganic and organic Se has a positive effect on the growth performance of growing rabbits. Both Se and Cr have hypocholesterolemic effect. Both of Se and Cr can be deposited in the meat and other tissues of rabbits and that improves meat quality which positively reflects on human acceptance. The combination between inorganic (0.3mg sodium selenite/kg diet) and organic selenium (0.6mg selenium yeast/kg diet) improved growth performance traits of growing rabbits.

Comparative Effects of Different Dietary Selenium Sources on Productive Performance, Antioxidative Properties And Immunity in Local Laying Hens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature

The present study was carried out to compare the efficiency of different selenium (Se) sources [sodium selenite (SS), Se enriched yeast (Sel-Plex) and Nano-Se] on productive performance, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status and immunity function of local chickens strain exposed to summer condition (high ambient temperature). One hundred and twenty birds, were randomly divided into 4 treatments: (1) control (basal diet without any supplementation of selenium), (2) SS (basal diet + 0.3 mg Se as SS / kg diet); (3) basal diet + 0.3 mg Nano-Se/ kg diet (Nano-Se); and (4) basal diet + 0.3 mg organic Se/ kg diet (Sel-Plex). The experimental diets are given to birds from 30 to 42 wk of age. Under hyperthermia, dietary 0.3 ppm Sel-Plex or Nano-Se improved feed conversion (g feed/g egg mass), egg production percentage and egg mass (g/d) (P < 0.05). Supplementing diets with Nano-Se increased total protein and globulin content compared with control diet. While, addition different sources of selenium significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with treat (1) diet. Interestingly, under rise ambient temperature, the inclusion of 0.3 ppm Sel-Plex or Nano-Se in the chikens diet significantly enhanced the antioxidant enzyme (GSH-Px) activity being greater than 2-folds of the controls. Chickens fed diet supplemented with Sel-Plex or Nano-Se showed about 1.5-folds increase in seminal plasma (GSH-Px) compared with control diet. Dietary 0.3 ppm Sel-Plex or Nano-Se had a positive significant effect on Phagocytic activity (PA) and Phagocytic index (PI) on high ambient temperature. In conclusion, dietary 0.3 ppm organic Se or Nano-Se enhanced productive performance, antioxidative properties and immunity in chickens reared under heat stress conditions.

Meat quality, free fatty acid concentration, and oxidative stability of pork from animals fed diets containing different sources of selenium.

This study evaluates the effect of the source of dietary selenium supplementation (organic versus mineral) and the combined effect of organic selenium and vitamin E on the fatty acid composition and lipolysis in pork intramuscular fat and other meat quality characteristics such as drip loss and lipid stability. Higher vitamin E deposition, lower drip loss, and higher stability against oxidation were detected in muscle from pigs fed organic selenium. Also higher proportion of free fatty acids was observed in intramuscular fat from pigs fed organic selenium than those fed inorganic selenium, being these mainly coming from neutral lipid fraction. In addition, the inclusion of vitamin E in the diet enhanced such effect. Dietary organic selenium also increased Δ9-desaturase and elongase indexes and C18:1n-9 concentration. A related decrease of C18:0 concentration was also observed. Described differences in the lipid fraction composition could affect sensory characteristics of meat and meat products.

Effect of organic and mineral selenium sources on production performance and selected physiological indicators in swine

The study was conducted on sows (hybrids of wbp × pbz breeds) and their offspring (until day 75 of life) kept on a farm. The aim of the experiment was to compare the effects of different sources of selenium (Se) on the production performance of the animals, Se content in their blood, the level of Se in sow’s colostrum, as well as Gpx, haptoglobin and immunoglobulin levels in the serum of sows and their offspring. Experimental feed mixtures for pregnant sows (LP), lactating sows (LK) and piglets (prestarter and starter) in each treatment had an identical basic composition, differing only in the type of selenium forms. Group I received a mineral form of Se in an amount of 0.2 mg/kg; group II received a mixture of a Se amino acid chelate and the mineral form of Se (0.1 mg/kg of each); group III received a Se amino acid chelate (0.2 mg/kg), and group IV received Se-enriched yeasts (0.2 mg/kg). Beneficial effects of the organic forms of Se were evident already in the lactation period. Sows, especially those from group II receiving 0.2 mg/kg of organic Se, had a higher feed intake, which was related to a higher milk production during lactation. As a result, on the weaning day, piglets from this group were significantly heavier than the other piglets. After weaning, as well, the piglets in this group were significantly heavier. These results were confirmed by parameters of blood serum and whey colostrum. Selenium as a chelate was more available than the mineral and enriched yeast forms. For this reason, the animals receiving the chelate were healthier (fewer inflammations were noted). The animals in this group also showed a better feed conversion compared with the others. The Gpx level in sows’ serum varied depending on the treatment. The highest level of this parameter was determined in sows from group III (receiving 0.2 mg/kg of organic Se), and it differed significantly from its value in the control group. The results showed that the Gpx level was related to the Se concentration in blood serum, which was also confirmed by a higher production of selenocysteine (a part of Gpx). Cells of the animals from this group were better protected against free radicals. Administration of 0.1 mg/kg of organic Se positively affects the performance of animals, but the recommended level in feed is 0.2 mg/kg of a selenium-containing amino acid....

Effects of different dietary selenium sources (sodium selenite, selenomethionine and nanoselenium) on growth performance, muscle composition, blood enzymes and antioxidant status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different sources of selenium (Se) on growth, muscle Se concentration, muscle proximate composition, blood enzymes and antioxidant status of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Organic Se (selenomethionine, SeMet), inorganic Se (sodium selenite, Na2SeO3), or nanoselenium were each added to the basal diet at 0.7 mg Se kg−1 diet. Four groups of fish with an average weight of 9.69 ± 0.12 g were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. Nano-Se diet resulted in better growth performance (P < 0.05). Fish fed with Se-supplemented diets showed a higher (P < 0.05) Se content in the muscle and liver tissues. Fish fed nano-Se had the highest liver glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (P < 0.05). Liver malondialdehyde level was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in fish fed on SeMet and nano-Se diets as compared to control. The carp fed on nano-Se diet had the lowest values of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower in fish fed on SeMet and nano-Se diets. This study shows that nano-Se acts more efficiently on growth performance and antioxidant defence system of common carp than organic and inorganic sources of Se.