Different Modes Of Administration Research Articles

Comparative Study on the Effect of Different Modes of Administration of Ambroxol Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases

Objective: To investigate the comparison of the effects of intravenous infusion of Ambroxol Hydrochloride and nebulized inhalation in the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases. Methods: 188 children with respiratory diseases admitted to the pediatrics department of the hospital from September 2022 to March 2024 were selected as the study subjects, and were randomly divided into the control group (n = 41) and the observation group (n = 41) according to the random number table method. Both groups of patients were first treated with conventional treatment, and based on conventional treatment, the control group was treated with intravenous infusion of Ambroxol Hydrochloride, and the observation group was treated with nebulized inhalation of Ambroxol Hydrochloride. The general information, clinical symptom improvement time, oxygen therapy time, sputum aspiration frequency, hospitalization time, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were observed in the two groups. Results: The baseline data of the two groups of patients were not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the disappearance time of clinical symptoms such as cough, lung rales, and shortness of breath in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group (t = 8.739, t = 10.108, t = 19.448, P < 0.001); the time of oxygen therapy, number of sputum aspirations, and hospital stay of the patients in the observation group were significantly shorter than that of the control group (t = 10.593, t = 10.665, t = 14.673, all P < 0.001); the total incidence of adverse reactions in patients in the observation group (3/3.18%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (14/14.89%) (x2 = 7.825, P = 0.005 < 0.01). Conclusion: In the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases with Ambroxol Hydrochloride, nebulized inhalation has better efficacy than intravenous drip, and can better improve the clinical symptoms and reduce the side effects in children.

The antimicrobial peptide Sparamosin26–54 exhibits antiviral activity against three aquatic enveloped viruses through lipid-binding-mediated virus lysis

The aquaculture industry is faced with huge economic losses caused by various enveloped virus infections, such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Rana grylio virus (RGV), and Anguillid Herpesvirus 1 (AngHV). The urgent need for readily available broad-spectrum antiviral agents has led to the exploration of antiviral peptides (AVPs), among which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with antiviral activity have attracted increasing attention. Sparamosin26–54 (derived from Scylla paramamosain) is a promising antimicrobial agent. In this study, we found that Sparamosin26–54 significantly inhibited WSSV transcription and replication (as indicated by VP28 gene and protein levels), irreversibly inactivated virions, and impeded viral entry before binding to the cell. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that Sparamosin26–54 had a direct destructive effect on WSSV virions. Lipidomic analysis and ELISA assay highlighted that Sparamosin26–54 had a potent affinity for phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylserine (PS) of WSSV. Liposome leakage assays further revealed a pronounced effect of Sparamosin26–54 on membrane lipid compositions, emphasizing its efficacy against the other two enveloped viruses (RGV and AngHV), but not against the non-enveloped virus, American eel adomavirus (AEAdov). Notably, in three animal models of viral infection, Sparamosin26–54 reduced viral loads in tissues, increased survival, or decreased infection rates in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, Sparamosin26–54 showed no animal toxicity under different modes of administration and could maintain antiviral activity in the complex aquatic environment. Taken together, Sparamosin26–54 was proved to be effective against three enveloped viruses, possibly inducing viral lysis via lipid-binding, providing an alternative approach for combating enveloped virus infections.

A meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of different modes of administration of cream in the treatment of otomycosis.

A meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of different modes of administration of cream in the treatment of otomycosis.

Evaluation of the test–retest and inter-mode comparability of the Impact of Vision Impairment questionnaire in people with chronic eye diseases

PurposeThe main objective of this study is to assess the test–retest and inter-administration mode reliability of the Impact of Vision Impairment profile (IVI), a common patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for people with chronic eye diseases.MethodsThe IVI was administered to adult patients with stable, chronic eye diseases two to four times per participant (average intervals between administrations 12 to 20 days; maximum two phone interviews, paper administration, electronic administration) by two trained interviewers. Rasch models were fit to the data. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), mean differences and Cronbach’s alpha between test–retest administrations (two phone interviews) and inter-mode comparisons were calculated.ResultsTwo hundred-sixteen patients (mean age 67 ± 12 years, 40% male) were included in the study. The IVI met all psychometric requirements of the Rasch model, and the division into the domains of functional items (IVI_F) and emotional items (IVI_E) corresponded to the German validation study. ICCs (all for IVI_F and IVI_E, respectively) for the retest administrations were 0.938 and 0.912, and 0.853 and 0.893 for inter-mode comparisons phone/paper, 0.939 and 0.930 for phone/electronic, and 0.937 and 0.920 for paper/electronic (all p < 0.01). Mean differences (all for IVI_F and IVI_E, respectively) for the retest administrations were 2.8% and 0.7% and ranged from 2.0% to 6.2% and from 0.4 % to 4.9% between administration modes. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.886 to 0.944 for retest and inter-mode comparisons.ConclusionDue to the high test–retest reliability and the almost equally high comparability of different modes of administration of the IVI, the study endorses its use as a robust PROM to capture vision-related quality of life. Our results further support the use of the IVI as an endpoint in clinical trials and may simplify implementing it in both clinical trials or real-world evidence generation by offering multiple administration modes with high reliability.

Rapamycin Responds to Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Translational Therapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a sporadic or familial neurodegenerative disease of insidious onset with progressive cognitive decline. Although numerous studies have been conducted or are underway on AD, there are still no effective drugs to reverse the pathological features and clinical manifestations of AD. Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. As a classical mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin has been shown to be beneficial in a variety of AD mouse and cells models, both before the onset of disease symptoms and the early stage of disease. Although many basic studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of rapamycin in AD, many questions and controversies remain. This may be due to the variability of experimental models, different modes of administration, dose, timing, frequency, and the availability of drug-targeting vehicles. Rapamycin may delay the development of AD by reducing β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, inhibiting tau protein hyperphosphorylation, maintaining brain function in APOE ε4 gene carriers, clearing chronic inflammation, and improving cognitive dysfunction. It is thus expected to be one of the candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

How much cannabis is used in a joint in Australia? An experimental investigation into use by potency and frequency.

Cannabis use is highly prevalent in Australia, yet current survey metrics measure tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure with limited accuracy. Often survey items measure cannabis quantity by assuming specific modes of use (i.e., 'how many joints do you use?'), which fail to capture variations in cannabis use and the diverse modes of use (e.g., joints, cones, spliffs). This study investigated how much cannabis is used in these modes of administration in an Australian sample. Participants (N = 31, Mage = 25.77; 51% university students) completed the Roll a Joint Paradigm in which they rolled joints, spliffs and packed cones as they would typically, using oregano as 'cannabis.' Participants then prepared each again but with cannabis of higher or lower potency. The amount of cannabis used across different modes of administration was variable: joints (range 0.10-1.25 g), spliffs (range 0.12-1.21 g) and cones (range 0.03-0.41 g). Participants who used cannabis daily rolled three times the amount of cannabis into a joint. The amount of cannabis used in common modes of administration may be highly variable. Daily use may be associated using larger quantities of cannabis. Titration attempts based on potency were not proportional or consistent across modes of administration. The results indicate people may adjust the quantity of cannabis based on perceived potency, however, not proportional to THC concentration. Inconsistency in the amount of cannabis used based on potency and within different modes of administration may represent a problem for self-report metrics which ask participants to report cannabis use in joints.

Study to Assess Content Validity and Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of the Inclusion Body Myositis Functional Rating Scale.

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a rare, muscle-wasting disease that negatively affects health-related quality of life. Although a measure that has been developed to assess the impact of IBM, the IBM Functional Rating Scale (IBMFRS) has limited evidence of content validity or reliability, and what constitutes a meaningful change threshold; this study was conducted to address these gaps. Adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of IBM from the United Kingdom and disease area expert health care professionals from the United States and United Kingdom took part in this study. This study consisted of 5 stages including phone interviews (physicians), face-to-face interviews (patients), face-to-face ratings, phone ratings, and ratings of videos using the IBMFRS. The IBMFRS adequately captures all core functional impacts of IBM, which was corroborated by both patient participants and physicians when debriefing the measure. Physicians and patient participants all thought any change on the measure would be meaningful change for a patient, either improvement or worsening. The quantitative analysis demonstrated good interrater reliability for face-to-face ratings (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] >0.7) and for video ratings (ICC >0.9). Intrarater reliability was excellent for face-to-face and video ratings (ICC >0.9). Equivalence between the modes of administration, face-to-face vs phone, was also excellent (ICC >0.9). The IBMFRS is content valid in assessing the key functional impacts of IBM, and any change would be meaningful. It is reliable both within and across raters, and there is equivalence between different modes of administration (face-to-face vs phone).

Exploring preferences of different modes of administration of hypomethylating agent treatments among patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

About half of patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are not eligible for Standard Induction Chemotherapy (SIC). Hypomethylating Agents (HMAs) intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC) in a clinical setting are typically offered as an alternative. However, injectable HMAs may be burdensome for patients given the frequent hospital visits and side effects. This study explored patient treatment preferences for different modes of administration (MOA) and the relative importance of treatment-related characteristics that influence treatment decisions. Semi-structured 1:1 interviews were conducted with 21 adult patients with AML in Germany, the United Kingdom, and Spain, who are not eligible for SIC, had experience with HMAs or were scheduled to be treated with HMAs. After discussing their experience of living with AML and its treatments, patients were presented with hypothetical treatment scenarios to explore their preferences, and a ranking exercise to assess the relative importance of treatment characteristics that influence their treatment-decisions for AML. Most patients reported an overall preference for oral administration over parenteral routes (71%), mostly due to convenience. Those preferring IV or SC routes (24%) reasoned with faster speed of action and onsite monitoring. When presented with a hypothetical situation of a patient having to choose between two AML treatments that were identical except for their MOA, the majority preferred the oral route (76%). Regarding treatment characteristics that influence treatment decisions, patients most frequently reported efficacy (86%) and side effects (62%) as important, followed by mode of administration (29%), daily life impacts (24%) and location of treatment (hospital versus home) (14%). However, only efficacy and side effects were rated as number one deciding factors (67% and 19%, respectively). Patients most frequently rated dosing regimen (33%) as least important. The insights gained from this study may help support patients with AML who are receiving HMA treatment instead of SIC. A potential oral HMA with similar efficacy and tolerability profiles to injectable HMAs could influence treatment decisions. Furthermore, an oral HMA treatment might decrease the burden of parenteral therapies and improve patients' overall quality of life. However, the extent of influence MOA has on treatment decisions requires further investigation.

Effect of different modes of administration of dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery in ambulatory thyroidectomy: a randomized, controlled trial

To compare the effects of two different administration methods of dexmedetomidine (DEX) used as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided bilateral intermediate cervical plexus block (CPB) in terms of efficacy and the duration of postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing ambulatory thyroidectomy. This double-blind, randomized study enrolled patients who underwent thyroidectomy with ultrasound-guided bilateral intermediate CPB. Patients were randomized to receive either perineural administration of dexmedetomidine (group DP) or intravenous pumping of dexmedetomidine (group DI). The 40-item Quality of Recovery (QoR-40) questionnaire was used to assess the primary endpoint, which was the global QoR-40 score 24 h after the operation. Sixty patients were randomized equally into the two groups. The total QoR-40 score 24 h postoperatively was significantly higher in group DP than group DI (160.6 ± 9.1 versus 152.8 ± 7.9, respectively). Dimensions of physical comfort and pain scores were significantly higher in group DP than group DI. The visual analogue scale pain score scores were significantly lower in group DP than group DI at 12 and 24 h postoperatively. DEX as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided intermediate CPB can improve the QoR-40 score and prolong postoperative analgesia.Trial registration number: ChiCTR2000031264 at www.chictr.org.cn on 26 March 2020.

German Health Update Fokus (GEDA Fokus) among Residents with Croatian, Italian, Polish, Syrian, or Turkish Citizenship in Germany: Protocol for a Multilingual Mixed-Mode Interview Survey.

Germany has a long history of migration. In 2020, more than 1 person in every 4 people had a statistically defined, so-called migration background in Germany, meaning that the person or at least one of their parents was born with a citizenship other than German citizenship. People with a history of migration are not represented proportionately to the population within public health monitoring at the Robert Koch Institute, thus impeding differentiated analyses of migration and health. To develop strategies for improving the inclusion of people with a history of migration in health surveys, we conducted a feasibility study in 2018. The lessons learned were implemented in the health interview survey German Health Update (Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell [GEDA]) Fokus, which was conducted among people with selected citizenships representing the major migrant groups in Germany. GEDA Fokus aimed to collect comprehensive data on the health status and social, migration-related, and structural factors among people with selected citizenships to enable differentiated explanations of the associations between migration-related aspects and their impact on migrant health. GEDA Fokus is an interview survey among people with Croatian, Italian, Polish, Syrian, or Turkish citizenship living in Germany aged 18-79 years, with a targeted sample size of 1200 participants per group. The gross sample of 33,436 people was drawn from the residents' registration offices of 99 German municipalities based on citizenship. Sequentially, multiple modes of administration were offered. The questionnaire was available for self-administration (web-based and paper-based); in larger municipalities, personal or phone interviews were possible later on. Study documents and the questionnaire were bilingual-in German and the respective translation language depending on the citizenship. Data were collected from November 2021 to May 2022. Overall, 6038 respondents participated in the survey, of whom 2983 (49.4%) were female. The median age was 39 years; the median duration of residence in Germany was 10 years, with 19.69% (1189/6038) of the sample being born in Germany. The overall response rate was 18.4% (American Association for Public Opinion Research [AAPOR] response rate 1) and was 6.8% higher in the municipalities where personal interviews were offered (19.3% vs 12.5%). Overall, 78.12% (4717/6038) of the participants self-administered the questionnaire, whereas 21.88% (1321/6038) took part in personal interviews. In total, 41.85% (2527/6038) of the participants answered the questionnaire in the German language only, 16.69% (1008/6038) exclusively used the translation. Offering different modes of administration, as well as multiple study languages, enabled us to recruit a heterogeneous sample of people with a history of migration. The data collected will allow differentiated analyses of the role and interplay of migration-related and social determinants of health and their impact on the health status of people with selected citizenships. DERR1-10.2196/43503.

Pushing boundaries or adding a gimmick to the party? Young people's experiences of nitrous oxide use in Denmark.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) use for intoxication among young people has increased in many parts of the Western world, including Denmark. The literature, however, primarily focusses on harms related to N2O use, and not on other aspects, for example modes of administration or effects such as different forms of pleasure or fun. Therefore, despite this increase, we still know very little about how and why young people use nitrous oxide for intoxication, including their experiences of N2O intoxication. Based on 45 qualitative interviews with young Danes age 18-25 years, who all were former or present N2O users, we explore their experiences of N2O intoxication. We do this by analyzing in-depth descriptions of where, how and with whom they use N2O. When analyzing these descriptions in relation to different modes of administration, intensity of use, combination with other substances (e.g. alcohol, cannabis), and use in different settings, we argue that N2O intoxication is experienced differently by the young participants. Some of the participants also searched for particular intoxication experiences with N2O. We unfold the participants' various descriptions of intoxication by differentiating between moderate and intensive use. Overall, our study shows that these differences in N2O use for intoxication are not equally risky or harmful. In general, young people's own perspectives and experiences with (illegal) drug use is increasingly emphasized as important to include when developing preventive interventions. Our analysis of the young participants' differing experiences with N2O for intoxication can inform future prevention initiatives in relation to harms of N2O intoxication.

Glucocorticoids for croup in children.

Glucocorticoids for croup in children.

The Three W's of Acetaminophen In Children: Who, Why, and Which Administration Mode.

Acetaminophen is one of the oldest medications commonly administered in children. Its efficacy in treating fever and pain is well accepted among clinicians. However, the available evidence supporting the use of acetaminophen's different modes of administration remains relatively scarce and poorly known. This short report summarizes the available evidence and provides a framework to guide clinicians regarding a rational use of acetaminophen in children.

PCR8 Exploring Preferences of Different Modes of Administration of Hypomethylating (HMA) Treatments Among Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

PCR8 Exploring Preferences of Different Modes of Administration of Hypomethylating (HMA) Treatments Among Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

The governance of Atlantic ports in medieval Castile1

Spanish historiography has studied widely the political strategies surrounding maritime affairs, producing numerous volumes on coastal or ports realities, both local and regional. This essay offers a comparative vision of the different modes of administration in the Castilian Atlantic’s ports. Firstly, to analyse the system comprising ports in the Iberian north. Secondly, to explicate the established system in the Guadalquivir’s estuary and in the Bay of Cadiz. Although both systems were constructed independently, they converged in maritime traffic while displaying two distinct models of ports administration. The main differences between both models are determined by the degree of intervention of official bodies, local oligarchies, and mercantile institutions.

Proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding: optimization of drug therapy methods

Currently, peptic ulcer disease remains the most common disease of the digestive system. Ulcerative bleeding is a terrible complication. The main condition for the successful conservative treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding that occurs against the background of acid-dependent diseases is adequate acid-reducing therapy. We conducted a study comparing the different modes of administration of proton pump blockers. To this end, three groups of the study were formed: the first group: the drug Rabeprazole was obtained as an antisecretory therapy. The dosing regimen consisted in the introduction of a bolus of 80 mg, then a constant infusion of the drug at a rate of 8 mg per hour for the first 72 hours, after which the transfer to the oral form of 20 mg ×2 times a day; the second group: received the drug rabeprazole intravenously in a dosage of 40 mg 2 times a day; the third group: received the drug rabeprazole intravenously in a dosage of 20 mg 2 times a day for the first 72 hours, then transfer to the oral form of 20 mg ×twice a day. The use of PPIs in various dosages in the study groups significantly reduced the risk of bleeding relapses and deaths. We have shown that the use of PPIs in reduced dosages is also an effective method of treating patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding.

Comparative Analysis of the Pharmacological Activity of Bis(3,5-di-Tert-Butyl-4-Hydroxyphenylthiolate)Dimethylol in Different Modes of Administration on a Mouse Model of Melanoma B16 Tumor Growth.

We performed a comparative analysis of the pharmacological activity of the hybrid organotin compound bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylthiolate)dimethylol (Me-3) administered in different modes to mice with transplanted melanoma B16 to identify the most effective dosage regimen. Three modes of administration were used: preventive (before transplantation of tumor cells), classical according to Z. P. Sof'ina (48 h after transplantation of tumor cells), and delayed (7 days after transplantation of tumor cells, after formation of nodules of the primary tumor node). Compound Me-3 was administered at a total dose of 375 mg/kg intraperitoneally once a day for 5 days. The classical mode of administration was identified as the most effective, which indicates the preventive antimetastatic activity of Me-3 on the model of the transplanted mouse tumor melanoma B16.

Medicinal plants used in cancer treatment: A survey conducted among traditional Ayurveda medical practitioners in Sri Lanka

Majority of deaths worldwide have been caused by noncommunicable diseases, with cancer as the second leading cause. Plant-based cures have become increasingly popular because current synthetic pharmaceuticals and other medications have demonstrated severe side effects, leading to less patient compliance and treatment failure. Furthermore, for most cancer types, there is no permanent cure. Sri Lankan traditional practitioners employ natural plant remedies to treat and cure malignancies, drawing on a long history of Ayurveda treatments and ancestral wisdom. These practitioners use different extraction processes, different parts of the same plant, and different modes of administration of the same herb. This descriptive cross-sectional study identifies commonly utilized botanicals with anticancer properties by traditional ayurvedic practitioners in Sri Lanka. The snowball approach and purposive sampling were used to select medical practitioners for this study. The survey was conducted among 18 traditional ayurvedic practitioners, and from the survey, 120 plants that the practitioners used for cancer therapy were identified. Of those 120 plants, the repetitive plants were shortlisted for ten plants. The most commonly used plants identified in this survey were Flueggea leucopyrus, Curcuma longa, Aegle marmelos, Abrus precatorius, Phyllanthus emblica, Zingiber officinale, Annona muricata, Aloe vera, Manihot esculenta, and Solanum melongena. Most medicinal plants used for cancer treatment were from the family Fabaceae.

Prophylactic Administration of Cannabidiol Reduces Microglial Inflammatory Response to Kainate-Induced Seizures and Neurogenesis

Microglia, the dynamic innate immune cells of the central nervous system, become activated in epilepsy. The process of microglial activation in epilepsy results in the creation of an inflammatory environment around the site of seizure onset, which contributes to the epileptogenic process and epilepsy progression. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been effective for use as an adjunctive treatment for two severe pediatric seizure disorders. Newly recognized as an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug treatment in epilepsy, it has gained in popularity primarily for pain management. Although CBD is readily available in stores and online retailers, its mechanism of action and specifically its effects on microglia and their functions are yet fully understood. In this study, we examine the effects of commercially available CBD on microglia inflammatory activation and neurogenic response, in the presence and absence of seizures. We use systemic administration of kainate to elicit seizures in mice, which are assessed behaviorally. Artisanal CBD is given in different modes of administration and timing to dissect its effect on seizure intensity, microglial activation and aberrant seizure-related neurogenesis. CBD significantly dampens microglial migration and accumulation to the hippocampus. While long term artisanal CBD use does not prevent or lessen seizure severity, CBD is a promising adjunctive partner for its ability to depress epileptogenic processes. These studies indicate that artisanal CBD is beneficial as it both decreases inflammation in the CNS and reduces the number of ectopic neurons deposited in the hippocampal area post seizure.

CHARAKOKTA SNEHOPAGA MAHAKASHAYA AND ITS UTILITY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW

Panchakarma therapy detoxifies cells and body tissues, is beneficial in health and diseases and is a part of daily and seasonal regimens. Before subjecting a patient to Panchakarma, Snehana and Swedana are essential. Snehana and Swedana are also curative methods in certain diseases and prolong vitality and life. The human being is considered the essence of Sneha. It is also believed that the Prana or life is dependent on this Sneha Tattva in our body. Snehana, or Oleation Therapy, is an essential treatment procedure that prepares the body to receive specialised Panchakarma treatment. The fourth chapter of Charaka Samhita Sutra Sthana (Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya) details fifty Mahakashaya used in various diseases for external or external or internal use according to the need. Snehopaga is a group of drugs that help promote unctuousness or aid the oleation therapy. This work is intended to throw limelight on the Ayurvedic and pharmacological properties of Snehopaga Mahakashaya and its possible clinical use in different modes of administration.