Different Methods Of Contraception Research Articles

Muslim women’s views and experiences of family planning in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study

BackgroundIslamic beliefs are associated with decreased contraceptive use compared to other religions, and Muslim women’s contraceptive needs are often unmet. Research is needed to provide an in-depth understanding of the complex set of barriers to Muslim women’s contraceptive use. Therefore, we aimed to explore Muslim women’s awareness and experiences with family planning in Saudi Arabia and investigate barriers to contraceptive use and access to family planning.MethodsA qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with women in a public hospital, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January and June 2019. Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty-eight women participated in the study. Women’s contraceptive awareness was limited to two methods. Women expressed positive attitudes towards family planning and did not believe it is forbidden in Islam. Barriers to contraception use included lack of knowledge, misconceptions, fear of side effects, family and community and social norms. Many women expressed that they have the right to use contraception, even if their husbands disapprove. Our findings show that healthcare providers rarely offered contraceptive advice, even when requested. Healthcare providers often prescribe oral contraceptives without offering information on other methods available.ConclusionOur findings suggest that education plays a fundamental role in reproductive autonomy. Men’s role in family planning should be encouraged through sharing reproductive responsibility and supporting women’s contraceptive choices. Efforts should be directed towards improving women’s awareness of different methods of contraception.

Contraception in women over the age of 40

Women over the age of 40 years have a unique set of factors to consider when discussing contraception. Though there is a natural decline in fertility with increasing age, contraception is still necessary to prevent pregnancy until menopause. In women over 40, there are different risks related to pregnancy, background health concerns, and evolving risks and benefits of each contraceptive method to consider. Therefore, it is important to be knowledgeable on how to assess the needs and priorities of the patient at this time in a woman’s life. This article seeks to summarise the different methods of contraception, their appropriateness, when they should be reassessed or stopped, and how they intersect with symptoms of the perimenopause and hormone replacement therapy.

Effectiveness of school-based sexual and reproductive health education among adolescent girls in Urban areas of Odisha, India: a cluster randomized trial

BackgroundVarious studies revealed that adolescent girls have limited knowledge pertaining to sexual and reproductive health (SRH). The current study assessed the effectiveness of SRH education among adolescent girls in urban areas of Odisha, India.MethodsThe study design was a cluster randomized trial, where the clusters composed of eight Odia (regional language) medium government girls’ high schools in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of the state of Odisha, India. For the selection of study participants, adolescent girls who were studying in the ninth and tenth standards were recruited from each school. Eight schools were randomized through restrictive randomization at a 1:1 ratio, with four schools each in the intervention and control arm. Baseline and end-line assessments were done using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Following baseline assessment, an intervention was given with the help of handbooks developed by the study authors to the schools in the intervention arm. Outcomes included change in knowledge, attitude and practices pertaining to SRH.ResultsIn our study at baseline, there were a total of 790 students, where 469 (59.4%) students were in the intervention arm, and 321 (40.6%) students were in the control arm. At baseline, only 282 (60.1%) in the intervention arm and 171 (53.3%) in the control arm were aware that physical bodily changes due to puberty were normal. After the intervention, there was a statistically significant increase in knowledge in intervention group 367 (94.8%) (p-value < 0.001). Most students used sanitary pads as absorbent, 97.2% in the intervention group and 98.4% in the control group. However, after the intervention, the use of other absorbents reduced to zero in the intervention group with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The number of students having awareness on different methods of contraception increased from 51 (10.9%) to 337 (87.1%) in the intervention arm (p < 0.001), and of those having awareness on STIs/RTIs increased from 177 (38.2%) to 371 (96.1%) in the intervention group (p < 0.001).ConclusionFrom our study, there is a significant proportional change in knowledge, attitude, and practices pertaining to SRH. Our study recommends policymakers and program managers for the implementation of comprehensive SRH in the regular school curriculum.Trial registration CTRI/2021/01/030490, registered on January 15, 2021. Prospectively registered at https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php

Comparison and Analytical Impact of Various Methods of Contraception on Liver Profile of Females of Sindh Province

Objective: To Compare and Analyze the impact of different methods of contraception on liver Profile of females of Sindh province. Study setting: This is a comparative cross-sectional study that was done at Liaquat university of medical and health sciences Jamshoro, at center 'A' of reproductive health services. Methodology: 300 participants from Hyderabad Sindh were selected. Females aged 20 to 40 years and those on an individual method of contraception were selected.300 females were selected for this study. Among them, 138 ( 46.0%) were residents of rural Sindh whereas162(54.0%) belonged tour ban Sindh. Consent from participants both verbal and written was taken. A structured questionnaire was filled out for demographic characteristics following detailed history. Blood Sampling was done for liver function test. Results: The results showed that present users of contraceptives generally had significantly greater liver parameters biliru bin, gamma GT, SGPT, and Alkaline phosphates compared to non-users ( p-value= &lt;0.05). Bilirubin level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods DMPA injection (0.72±0.24), Jadelle (0.54±0.26), IUCD (0.44±0.18) than the corresponding values for nonusers (0.43±0.194) [control 0.43±0.194 vs DMPA injection(0.72±0.24)vsJadelle(0.54±0.26)vsIUCD(0.44±0.18),P-value=&lt;0.05)]. Gama GT level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods Jadelle (20.36±11.97), Oral (14.00±3.2) than the corresponding values for non users (15.42±7.36)[control 15.42±7.36 Jadelle (20.36±11.97) vs Oral (14.00±3.2) Oral (14.00±3.2) P-value = &lt;0.05)]. SGPT level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods DMPA injection (32.68±18.37), Jadelle (31.34±14.13), IUCD (29.66±14.62), Tubal ligation (18.00±0.00) than the corresponding values for nonusers (25.39±14.59) [control25.39±14.59 vs injection (32.68±18.37) vs Jadelle (31.34±14.13) vs IUCD (29.66±14.62), Tubal ligation (18.00±0.00) P-value = &lt; 0.05)]. Alkaline Phosphatase level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods DMPA injection (114.65±48.19),Jadelle (99.28±38.076),IUCD(101.74±42.23)Oral(78.89±21.70)TubalLigation(62.50±2.12)Condom (94.62±25.67) than the corresponding values for nonusers (131.51±59.04) [control131.51±59.04 vs DMPA injection (114.65±48.19) vs Jadelle (99.28±38.076) vs IUCD(101.74±42.23),Oral(78.89±21.70)Tuballigation (62.50±2.12)Condom(94.62±25.67)P-value= &lt; 0.05)]. Conclusion: The impact on the liver of different contraceptive methods was compared and analyzed in the population of Sindh. Keywords: DMPA (depot- medroxy progester one acetate), Implant, Oral Pills, IUCD (intrauterine contraceptive device), tuballigation.

High order caesarean section: Prevalence and maternal morbidity at Nishtar Hospital Multan.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and morbidity associated with high order caesarean section (HOCS). Study Design: Descriptive Study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan. Period: January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. Material &amp; Methods: A prospective study of all the patients who underwent four or more C-section were included. Maternal morbidity was the primary study objective. The data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 19. Results: A total of 7390 caesarean sections were performed, out of these 240 patients (3.24%) underwent HOCS. Two women had their 6th caesarean, while 12 women had their fifth caesarean. There was no maternal death. Most common complications were postpartum haemorrhage requiring blood transfusion (25.8%), obstetric hysterectomy (6.25%), bladder injury requiring repair (5%) and wound dehiscence and wound infection (2.5%). Conclusion: HOCS is associated with increased maternalMmorbidity although there was no mortality. Indications for primary caesarean section should be reviewed to reduce repeat caesarean sections. Moreover, counselling on different methods of contraception during visits to antenatal clinics should be done to limit family size.

How Does Contraceptive Use Affect Women's Sexuality? A Novel Look at Sexual Acceptability.

Among the components of a healthy life, sexuality is essential, contributing to both the psychophysical and social well-being of women and, consequently, to their quality of life. A poorly investigated standpoint is the acceptability of contraceptive methods, both in terms of their tolerability and metabolic neutrality and in terms of their impact on sexual life. In this context, we will provide an overview of the different methods of contraception and their effects on female sexuality, from biological changes to organic, social, and psychological factors, which can all shape sexuality. A MEDLINE/PubMed review of the literature between 2010 and 2021 was conducted using the following key words and phrases: hormonal contraception, contraceptives, female sexual function, libido, sexual arousal and desire, and sexual pain. Recent studies have supported the effects of contraceptives on women’s sexuality, describing a variety of positive and negative events in several domains of sexual function (desire, arousal, orgasm, pain, enjoyment). However, satisfaction with sexual activity depends on factors that extend beyond sexual functioning alone. A more holistic approach is needed to better understand the multitude of factors linked to women’s sexuality and contraception. Contraceptive counseling must consider these important elements since they are closely related to good compliance and maximize non-contraceptive health benefits.

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Background: Sexually active woman or couple may not be aware of the different methods of contraception and this can lead to unplanned pregnancy with psychological and social effects, and with significant impact on a woman’s’ life. Objective: To develop and validate an instrument, Knowledge on Methods of Contraception (KMC) and to assess the knowledge of non-medical related university students on the methods of contraception. Method: The 25-item KMC (KMC-25) was initially administered to 130 non-medical related university students and retested after four weeks. Fifty pharmacy undergraduates were recruited for comparison. The validated KMC-25 was then completed by another 402 non-medical related university students. Result: Internal consistency of the KMC-25 was good with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78. There was significant correlation between the test-retest total scores (p < 0.001) and no significant difference for all the items, indicating stable reliability. Flesch Reading Ease score was 49.3 which means that the KMC-25 could be easily understood by undergraduates. The KMC-25 scores between pharmacy and non-medical related students were significantly different with median (interquartile range, IQR) of 60 (50 - 68) and 26 (12 - 40), respectively (p < 0.001). Out of 402 respondents, only 34 (8.4%) scored 50% and above, and were considered to have adequate knowledge on methods of contraception. Knowledge on contraception was significantly related to various characteristics of the students. Conclusion: The present study showed that KMC-25 is a reliable and valid instrument to assess university students’ knowledge on methods of contraception. However, university students from non-medical related programs have poor knowledge and this warrants the implementation of educational programs.

Influence of various methods of contraception on female sexual functions

Objective The aim was to evaluate female sexual functions in women using different methods of contraception. Background Contraception is a common practice among women during their childbearing periods. Contraception may affect female sexual function both positively and negatively. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was done on 200 married women in the childbearing period, who were recruited from different health care centers at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt, between October 2019 and January 2020. Results In the present study, 56.5% (more than half) of the participating women who used contraception were at high risk for sexual dysfunction. Women using nonhormonal contraceptives reported the highest mean scores (26.99 ± 4.13), with statistically significant difference between them and those using combined hormonal contraceptives and progesterone-only hormonal contraceptives, who reported lower mean scores (24.34 ± 4.94 and 24.13 ± 4.27, respectively). Nonhormonal contraceptive users reported the highest scores of female sexual function index regarding total, desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain scores. Conclusion Female sexual dysfunction is commonly seen in women using contraception and the nonhormonal methods have the least effect on female sexual function.

Reproductive health and contraception use by Ukrainian servicewomen in the current war zone: a questionnaire survey

The aim of the study is to define awareness level and use of different contraception methods by servicewomen in the current armed conflict in the East of Ukraine. Between October 2018 and September 2019, 507 military women serving in the Joint Forces Operation Zone in eastern Ukraine and 100 civilian women from the frontline region participated in the questionnaire-based survey. The survey was focused on the knowledge and use of different methods of contraception and STI preventing by military women in conditions of armed conflict in Donbas. Servicewomen reported using of different methods of contraception in 48.3±4.3% of the cases, which is 1.5 times less than civilian women (RR=1.5; 95% CI: 1.2 – 1.7, p=0.001). Among those who reported using contraception, hormonal methods were chosen by 8.2±3.4% of active duty military women, which is two times less than by civilians (RR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-4.1, p=0.03). The low use of effective methods of contraception by active-duty servicewomen according to results survey is one of the reasons for the disruption of female reproductive health during military deployment. The primary reserve of preserving women's health in the current war environment,besides access to modern contraceptives and counseling, is improving the education of military medics in the gender-specific issues of reproductive health and contraception.

"It's Worked Well for Me": Young Women's Reasons for Choosing Lower-Efficacy Contraceptive Methods.

To understand the diverse reasons why some young women choose contraceptive methods that are less effective at preventing pregnancy, including condoms, withdrawal, and emergency contraception pills, even when more effective contraceptive methods are made available to them. In-depth interviews with young women at family planning clinics in July-November 2016. Interview data were thematically coded and analyzed using an iterative approach. Two youth-serving family planning clinics serving predominantly Latinx and African American communities in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. Twenty-two young women ages 15-25years who recently accessed emergency contraception to prevent pregnancy. None. Young women's experiences using different methods of contraception, with specific attention to methods that are less effective at preventing pregnancy. Young women reported having previously used a range of higher- and lower-efficacy contraceptive methods. In interviews, they described affirmative values that drive their decision to use lower-efficacy methods, including: a preference for flexibility and spontaneity over continual contraceptive use, an emphasis on protecting one's body, and satisfaction with the method's effectiveness at preventing pregnancy. Some young women described using a combination of lower-efficacy methods to reduce their pregnancy risk. Young women make contraceptive decisions on the basis of preferences and values that include, but are not limited to, effectiveness at preventing pregnancy. These reasons are salient in their lives and need to be recognized as valid by sexual health care providers to ensure that young women receive ongoing high-quality care.

Common Methods of Contraception Used at Monkey Bay Community Hospital in Mangochi District, Malawi

To determine commonly used methods of contraception at Monkey Bay Community hospital, to compare different methods of contraception used by people of various age groups, parity, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Marital status, a clinical audit of family planning methods used by clients at Monkey Community hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 was done. Data was collected from the registers. A total number of 1734 clients reported at family planning clinic of Monkey-Bay Community Hospital between January 2018 and June 2019. All the clients were females. Most of these clients were in the age range of 15 - 34 years (83.33%). There were 1,486 (87%) HIV negative clients, 208 (12%) HIV positive clients and 24 (1%) had unknown HIV status. Most clients had a parity of 1 - 2 (905, 52.71%) followed by 3 - 4 (540, 31.45%) and 5 or plus (272, 15.84%). There were more married people (1641, 97.23%) than unmarried ones (46, 2.73%). There was only one person who was divorced (1, 0.05%). Education status was not recorded. The five commonly used contraceptive methods were: Intramuscular (IM) injectable Depo-IM (1366, 79.51%), Jadelle (122, 7.10%), Subcutaneous (SC) injectable Depo-SC (65, 3.78%), Combined Oral Contraceptives (COC) (60, 3.49%) and Implanon (40, 2.33%). None of the clients was used female condoms as a method of contraception. The contraceptive use was common between the age group of 15 - 24 (707, 44.92%) and 25 - 34 (709, 45%). Depo-IM was most used in age group 25 - 34 (44.5%) while Jadelle was mostly used by 15 - 24 years old (48%). 1181 clients (79.5%) of HIV negative clients used Depo-IM as the contraceptive method while 164 clients (78.8%) of HIV positive clients used Depo IM as a method of contraception. More HIV negative clients used Jadelle and COC as compared to HIV positive clients. The choice of a particular method of contraception was influenced by many factors. Parity, marital status, age as well as HIV status did have some association with the preferred method of contraception. Our study shows that there could be varied reason for women chose types of contraception in this part of Malawi. Interventions that aim to increase access to family planning methods, should consider exploring the reasons why clients use some methods more than the other for better planning of these services. Absence of male clients accessing vasectomy at the hospital raises concern and more studies will be needed to determine the reason why men do not come forward for family planning services at Monkey Community Hospital.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of post abortion contraception among MTP Seekers in a tertiary care hospital of North India

Introduction: Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), despite legalization, is a greatly neglected health care problem of women in their reproductive age group and is not free from complications. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to study the factors influencing MTPs & the subsequent adoption of contraceptive methods following MTP. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over one year and included 148 women who underwent MTP at the hospital. The details regarding their socio-demographic profile, reason for seeking abortion and acceptance of post abortal contraception were taken and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Majority of women (93.92%) were aware of the various contraceptive methods available and awareness was maximum for condom (87.16%). The main source of information was television (76.35%). 85.81% women had no knowledge about emergency contraception. 89.20% patients came early for termination of pregnancy below 8 weeks. Completed family was the most common reason (62.84%). Post abortion contraception was accepted by 92.56% women. IUCD was the most preferred choice (51.35%). Decision regarding contraception was taken by both husband and wife in 45.95% cases. Conclusions: There is need to counsel women of reproductive age group that MTP is not a way to control unwanted birth and it is not free from risk. Eligible couples have to be educated regarding the availability of different methods of contraception and their proper use to avoid pregnancy. Keywords: Medical termination of pregnancy, MTP seekers, Socio demographic profile, Post abortion contraception, Emergency contraception, Eligible couples.

Efficacy and Satisfaction Rate in Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Insertion: A Prospective Study.

BackgroundPostpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) reduces the rate of abortions and it is a cost-effective, reversible, and convenient choice of contraception. The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and satisfaction rate in women with postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertion.MethodsThis prospective study of immediate PPIUCD insertion was conducted at our institute from March 2016 to February 2019. Approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) was taken before starting the study. A total of 372 women were enrolled in the study after taking informed consent. All the women were counseled regarding different methods of contraception and birth control during antenatal checkups, early labor and immediately postpartum (within 48 hours). All the enrolled women in the study were followed for three years to determine the satisfaction and success rate of PPIUCD continuation. We also kept the record of women who discontinued PPIUCD. ResultsAfter the exclusion criteria, 372 women were recruited in the study. The mean gestation age at the time of delivery was 38.5 weeks with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.45. All the women were followed for short-term and long-term complications and satisfaction rates. Out of 372, 51.07% of women (n = 190) had a spontaneous vaginal delivery, and 48.9% of women (n = 182) had a cesarean section but there was no significant long-term satisfaction outcome difference in both the groups. The highest success rate of the postpartum long-acting intrauterine contraceptive device was noted in patients who were counseled thoroughly in the antenatal and intrapartum period 61.5% as compared to those patients who were counseled either antenatally 42.2 %, intrapartum 35.4%, or immediate postpartum 22.4% alone.ConclusionPPIUCD insertion is an opportunity not to be missed. It allows women to obtain safe, long-acting, highly effective contraception while already within the medical system. More research data are needed in the literature with regard to counseling timings for PPIUCD insertion during the antenatal and postnatal period as it can affect the decision of women to prevent unplanned pregnancy. PPIUCD has one of the highest patient satisfaction rates among all the contraceptives.

"They Love Their Patients": Client Perceptions of Quality of Postabortion Care in North and South Kivu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Postabortion care (PAC) is a lifesaving intervention that, when accessible and of good quality, can prevent the majority of abortion-related deaths. However, these services are only sporadically available and often of poor quality in humanitarian settings. CARE International, the International Rescue Committee, and Save the Children strengthened the Congolese Ministry of Health to provide PAC, including voluntary contraceptive services, in North and South Kivu, DRC. We aimed to gain understanding of the demographic and clinical characteristics of PAC clients, the experiences of women who sought PAC at supported health facilities, and the women's perceptions of the quality of care received. We also explored how client perspectives can inform future PAC programming. A PAC register review extracted sociodemographic and clinical data on all PAC clients during a 12-month period between 2015 and 2016 at 69 supported facilities in 6 health zones. In-depth interviews were conducted between September 2016 and April 2017 with 50 women who sought PAC in the preceding 3 months at supported health facilities. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated into French for analysis. Thematic content analysis was subsequently used as the data analytic approach. In 12 months, 1,769 clients sought PAC at supported facilities; 85.2% were at less than 13 weeks gestation. Over 80% of PAC clients were treated for incomplete abortion, and of these, 90% were treated with manual vacuum aspiration. The majority (75.2%) of PAC clients chose voluntary postabortion contraception. All but one interview participant reported seeking PAC for a spontaneous abortion, although most also reported their pregnancy was unintended. Clients were mostly made aware that PAC was available by community health workers or other community members. Experiences at the supported facilities were mostly positive, particularly in regards to client-provider interactions. Most women received contraceptive counseling during PAC and selected a modern method of contraception immediately after treatment. However, knowledge about different methods of contraception varied. Nearly all women said that they would advise another woman experiencing abortion complications to seek PAC at a supported health facility. The findings demonstrate the successful implementation of good-quality, respectful PAC in North and South Kivu. Overall, they suggest that the organizations' support of health workers, including competency-based training and supportive supervision, was successful.

Assessment of contraception and fertility knowledge among female oncology patients of child bearing age and their providers.

e18270 Background: Understanding the implications for future fertility is a growing concern among young women diagnosed with cancer. Women are less likely than men to receive information regarding fertility preservation and possible infertility following cancer treatment. Our goal was to examine knowledge of contraception and cancer-related changes in fertility among women of childbearing age treated at John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County and to assess whether or not medical providers prioritized having these conversations with female patients. Methods: We interviewed 20 female oncology patients, and 14 completed an additional 12 question true/false question fertility knowledge survey. We administered a survey to providers in the Medical Oncology department to assess how they prioritize talking about contraception and fertility preservation with their female patients of childbearing age. Providers rated ten items using a five-item Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Data was summarized as frequencies and percentages. Results: Among the 20 patients interviewed, six (30%) were under age 35 and 14 (70%) had an income of under $30,000. Of these, only 50% had tried a tier 1 long acting reversible contraceptive method and 43% had tried a tier 2 method. Fertility knowledge scores ranged from 0 to 8, out of 12 (Table). The median score was 2 (IQR 3). Among the 17 oncology providers surveyed, only 24% (n = 4) agreed that they were confident educating their patients about fertility preservation, and only 35% (n = 6) prioritized talking to their female patients of reproductive age about different methods of contraception. Conclusions: Health disparities in cancer care are well-known. Low-income women who seek cancer care at a safety-net institution may have limited knowledge on contraception and fertility. A better understanding of how oncology providers can prioritize these topics when talking to patients about their cancer diagnosis is needed. [Table: see text]

Pattern and determinants of contraceptive usage among women of reproductive age in the United Arab Emirates.

Introduction:Women in the UAE and Muslim countries are a largely understudied population with significant disparities in knowledge to most basic health concerns and family planning. Our objective was to identify UAE contraceptive knowledge similarities and variances to other world regions, and to inform efforts to improve contraceptive care at Arab world and Muslim countries.Methods:Structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes related to contraception methods.Results:The use of effective contraception methods was associated with higher educational levels of UAE national women who desired to conceive. These women had knowledge of contraception that was associated with an identified impact of their spouse on their choice of contraception. Religion plays an essential role in knowledge on the risk of contraception and safe type of contraceptive methods in the UAE. Statistically significant predictors of having knowledge on different methods of contraception were nationality, P < 0.002; education level, P < 0.03; number of marriages P < 0.002; monthly income, P < 0.04; and the number of children, P < 0.015.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that higher education and communication of the benefits and risks of different types of contraceptive methods are needed to improve the use of contraception in the UAE population. We recommend additional training in this area for healthcare providers. The involvement of the spouse in the mutual understanding of contraception and its choice coupled with third party insurance coverage may decrease knowledge and utilization gaps further assisting in providing a best contraceptive method.

Situation of Adolescent Contraceptive Use in Germany.

Introduction Would adolescent girls in Germany choose a different method of contraception to the combined oral contraceptive if provided with the appropriate information? Is there a need for long-acting contraception among our adolescent girls? How satisfied are female patients with the information they receive at their respective gynaecology practices, and how much do the girls know about different methods of contraception? Materials and Methods In the study “Thinking About Needs in COntraception” (TANCO), not only female patients, but also their respective gynaecologists were surveyed online about current methods of contraception, their satisfaction with these methods, and also their level of knowledge concerning the individual methods of contraception, the situation related to advice about different contraceptive options and their general satisfaction with gynaecological care. This article presents the data from the subset of adolescent girls aged 14 to 19 years (n = 2699) out of the total of 18 521 women surveyed. Results The girls surveyed were familiar with at least the name of more than five different methods of contraception (average 5.3). The doctors assumed that the respondents would know only 4.2 different methods. When asked explicitly about how the individual methods of contraception work, clear deficits became evident. This applies not only to the entire population of respondents, but also the users of the respective contraceptive method. In addition, a strong interest in long-acting contraception emerged from the survey, particularly among young women. Discussion The data from the TANCO study reveal a clear discrepancy between the existing contraception almost exclusively in the form of the contraceptive pill and the contraceptive options considered by adolescent girls if they are thoroughly informed. The need for education into alternatives to the pill is high, as is the willingness to use such alternatives after receiving information – much higher than the figures suggested by the gynaecologists.

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Do Women Undergoing Surgical Abortion Versus Medical Abortion Choose Different Methods of Contraception? [9A

INTRODUCTION: Elective termination of pregnancy (TOP) is an option for unwanted pregnancy. Effective contraception can prevent these unplanned pregnancies and terminations. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in post-abortion contraception among women who underwent surgical and medical abortion. Contraceptive choices were reviewed based on patient demographics. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 330 patients receiving abortions from January 1st through 15th, 2014 by review of electronic medical records from a private outpatient family planning clinic specializing in abortion services. Data analysis was conducted using Chi Square test. RESULTS: The 330 reviewed procedures were 53 medical TOPs, 219 1st trimester, and 58 2nd trimester surgical abortions. Of all patients 4.2% desired LARC, 78.2% desired other methods, 17.6% declined contraception. Patients with a medical TOP were most likely to have received a LARC method (22.6%) followed by those having first trimester procedures (10.5%) and second trimester procedures (8.6%), p=0.003. Significant loss of follow up was observed with medical TOPs (38.2%), 1st trimester surgical TOPs (68.0%) and 2nd trimester surgical TOPs (82.8%). Other factors influencing these choices are age, parity, prior abortion, insurance, and education. 18.2% of all patients returned pregnant within 18 months. CONCLUSION: Differences are seen in contraceptive choice and type of abortion. Age, parity, and a history of prior abortions may influence these choices. High follow-up failure and return pregnancy rates may suggest immediate contraception at time of procedure should be considered. Comparing these demographics with multivariate analysis could provide further understanding about these influencing factors.

Knowledge and Behaviour Regarding Birth Prevention of Healthcare Providers.

Healthcare providers are an important link with the general public to impart knowledge regarding contraception. They are an important source of providing information regarding different methods of contraception, their proper use and removing the myths from the couple's mind. However, their own attitude and practice of contraception are often lacking. This study was conducted to assess the attitude and practice of contraception over the last 1year of nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur. The study was conducted on 410 nurses in a tertiary care hospital. All were given a questionnaire that was duly filled by them, and the data obtained was analysed. All were aware of at least one family planning method. Only 84% knew that contraceptives could space the pregnancy. Very few had correct knowledge about the fertile period or lactational amenorrhoea. Few were aware of emergency contraception and its proper implication (6.83%) The commonest was the barrier method (70%) followed by natural method (41.46%). There was shifting from natural method to barrier method and OC pills for few cycles. Health workers have knowledge regarding contraception yet fail to use it regularly. Proper attitude and practice are essential to prevent unintended pregnancies and prevention of STDs. Their use will enhance counselling skills for general population.