Different Levels Of Metabolizable Energy Research Articles

An Assessment of the Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid on the Performance and Immune Response of Laying Hens Fed Diets with Three Levels of Metabolizable Energy.

Different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and the inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in the diet of 53-week-old Lohmann LSL-CLASSIC hens were used to evaluate its effect on reproductive parameters, egg quality, intestinal morphology, and the immune response. Six diets were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design, with three levels of ME (2850, 2800, and 2750 kcal/kg), and with (0.08%) or without the inclusion of GAA. The addition of GAA to diets with low levels of ME increased (p < 0.05) egg production and egg mass. Moreover, hens fed with 2800 kcal/g without GAA had the highest concentration (p < 0.05) of serum interleukin IL-2, while those fed diets with the same amount of ME but supplemented with 0.08% GAA had the lowest concentration. Finally, the inclusion of 0.08% GAA increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), regardless of the ME level in the diet. This study highlights the potential role of GAA in decreasing the energy level of ME (50-100 kcal/g) in the feeding of hens and in the modulation of specific immune responses. Further research is recommended to fully understand the mechanisms of action of GAA on the mechanism target of rapamycin and its relationship with the immune response.

An assessment of responses to egg production and liver health of Japanese quails subjected to different levels of metabolizable energy.

Current quail production is configured as an economic activity in scale. Advancements in quail nutrition have been limited to areas such as breeding and, automation of facilities and ambience. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance responses, liver and oviduct morphometry, and liver histology of Japanese laying quails subjected to different levels of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (MEn). A completely random design was used that consisted of nine levels of MEn, six replicates, and five hens per cage with a total of 270 quails. The experimental period lasted for 10 weeks. The variables of performance were subjected to analysis of variance and then regression analysis using the broken-line model. The morphometric and histological variables were subjected to multivariate exploratory techniques. The MEn levels influenced the responses to zootechnical performance. The broken-line model estimated the maximum responses for feed intake, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass as 3,040, 2,820, 1,802, and 2,960 kcal of MEn per kg of diet, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the occurrence of hepatic steatosis and increased levels of Kupffer cells were not related to MEn levels. The level of 2,960 kcal/kg of MEn meets performance variable requirements without compromising hepatic physiology.

Dietary energy influences ovarian morphology and in vitro maturation of oocytes in goats

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to determine the effects of dietary energy levels on follicular development and in vitro maturation of oocytes in pre-pubertal goats. Thirty-six female six-month-old stall-fed Black Bengal goats were divided into three equal groups that were randomly assigned to receive three iso-nitrogenous diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy (8.67, 10.20, and 11.73 MJ/kg DM). After 150 days of rearing, the weight, length and width of the ovaries increased significantly in medium and high levels of dietary energy groups than in the low-energy group. Medium and high-energy levels in the diet significantly increased the number of visible antral follicles and large antral follicles than the low level of dietary energy. The number of antral follicles per ovary was higher in high-energy fed goats than medium- and low-energy groups. The low-energy group showed more non-growing primordial follicles and degenerated follicles than the other groups. The medium- and high-dietary energy levels significantly increased the maturation rate of oocytes to metaphase II than the low-energy group. These results reveal that the level of dietary energy positively influences follicular development and meiotic competence of goat oocytes.

Productive Performance of Mexican Creole Pullets and Immature Males Fed Different Levels of Metabolizable Energy and Crude Protein

Mexican Creole birds are a poorly researched genetic resource whose nutritional requirements are unknown. The objective was to evaluate the productive performance and nutrient use efficiency of Mexican Creole birds, using four diets with different concentrations of metabolizable energy (EM, MJ/kg) and crude protein (PC, g/kg). The experimental diets with constant ME/CP ratios equal to 0.06, were: 12.55/200, 11.92/190, 11.30/180 and 10.67/170. One hundred and ninety-two 12-week-old creole birds (96 males and 96 females) were randomly distributed amongst the diets (24 males and 24 females each). Due to the diet × sex interaction, males fed the 10.67/170 diet had higher feed intake, and males under 10.67/170, 11.92/190 and 11.30/180 had higher final body weight and weight gain than the other birds. Feed conversion ratio was lower in birds with diets 12.55/200 and 11.92/190. Total body fat retention was higher in females with the diet 12.55/200, 11.92/190 and 11.30/180. In conclusion, males with the 10.67/170 (lowest ME and CP) diet showed a high productive performance, without compromising carcase yield and body composition, while females with all diets did not show differences in productive performance, carcass yield and body composition.

Ajuste de curvas de crescimento em codornas de corte por inferência Bayesiana

Objetivou-se comparar curvas de crescimento em codornas de corte (Coturnix coturnix coturnix), entre sexo e dietas com diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (EM), por meio de modelos de regressão não lineares sob inferência Bayesiana. Utilizaram-se registros de pesos corporais referentes à 579 machos e 581 fêmeas, pesadas ao nascimento, aos 7, 14, 21, 35 e 42 dias de idade. As dietas foram compostas por três diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável, sendo 2750; 2950 e 3150 kcal de EM/kg1. Os modelos avaliados empregaram as funções de Gompertz, Logística, Richards e Von Bertalanffy, considerando-se o parâmetro relacionado à taxa de maturidade (K) como aleatório. Foram geradas cadeias de Markov, via amostrador de Gibbs, adotando-se o Critério de Deviance na escolha do modelo mais adequado. Em ambos os sexos, a função de Gompertz apresentou ajuste significativamente superior de acordo com o critério avaliado, e menor estimativa de variância residual, indicativo de maior precisão na predição do peso corporal dos animais. Foi observada taxa de crescimento absoluto distintas entre os sexos, dessa forma a descrição de curvas de crescimento deve ser realizada de forma individualizada. As análises indicaram que o nível de 2750 kcal/kg de EM na dieta promove o crescimento de forma similar aos outros níveis na fase de 1 a 14 dias de idade em machos e de 1 a 21 dias de idade em fêmeas. Após estas idades, observou-se melhor desempenho utilizando-se o nível de 3150 kcal/kg de EM para machos e níveis de 2950 e 3150 kcal/kg para fêmeas.

Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance, blood parameters and meat quality in fattening male Hu lambs.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary energy levels on growth performance, slaughter traits, meat quality and blood biochemical parameters in fattening male Hu lambs. Sixty lambs were fed five iso-protein diets which contained different levels of metabolizable energy in a completely randomized design for 70days. At the end of study, fifteen lambs were harvested for further study. With the increase in dietary energy level, the daily weight gain and dry matter intake extremely increased (p<.001), and feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (p<.01). The live weight before slaughter (LWBS) and carcass weight had a significant increase (p<.05), non-carcass fat ratio and routine indexes of meat quality had no significant difference. Almost no effect was observed for the amino acid profile except for glycine concentration decreased (p<.05) in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. The concentrations of C17:0, C18:3n-3 and n-3 PUFA (p<.01) significantly decreased with the increasing dietary energy levels, and the ratio of ∑n-6/∑n-3 (p<.01) increased, whereas the concentrations of C18:1n-9t (p<.05) decreased in LD muscle and C18:1 (p<.01) increased in biceps femoris (BF) muscle. There were no obviously differences for diameter, area and density of muscle fibres. The relative expression of MyHC-IIa and MyHC-IIx decreased significantly (p<.05) in BF muscle, and the relative expression of MyHC-IIa displayed an obviously decreasing trend (p<.10) in LD muscle. These results suggest that increasing the dietary energy level can improve the growth performance and slaughter traits, and influence meat quality and fatty acid profiles in different muscle tissues of fattening male Hu lambs. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing Hu sheep nutritional standards and designing feed formulations.

Metabolisable energy levels for stress broilers under thermal stress

ABSTRACT The research was carried out with the objective of evaluating different levels of metabolisable energy (3050, 3100, 3150, 3200 and 3250 kcal.kg-1) in the diet of 22-to-42-day-old broilers kept in an environment of thermal stress. Three hundred male chicks weighing 814.7 g initial average weight were distributed in a completely randomised design with five treatments, six replications and ten birds per experimental unit. Feed metabolisable energy levels did not influence (P &gt; 0.05) the performance variables of feed conversion, daily weight gain and daily feed intake in the two phases studied. There were no statistical differences in carcass yields: carcass, chest, thigh, drumstick, heart, wing and back. Differences were observed for the two variables gizzard yield and abdominal fat. A linear increase in the percentage of abdominal fat with an increase in energy levels in the diet was observed. The 3100 kcal.kg-1 level of metabolisable energy is the level indicated by this research because it results in lower abdominal fat content and lower cost per kilo of feed.

PSX-3 The impact of energy nutrition planes of ewes on the productive and reproductive performance of their offspring

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) intake of late-gestating ewes on the productive and reproductive performance of their female offspring. Seventy-one crossbred ewes were distributed in three treatments: CTL = ME level according to recommendations of the NRC (2007); LESS = CTL less 10% ME per kilogram of dry matter (DM); and PLUS = CTRL plus 10% ME per kilogram of DM. Ewes were synchronized with hormonal protocol, controlled natural mating, and confirmed pregnancy using ultrasonographic imaging. The diets were given at the end of gestation (50 days) through weaning (60 days). The female progeny, from birth to the first mating season, received the same nutrition and sanitary management as their dams. They were weighed every 15 days from birth to the eighth month of age (first mating season), and the mortality rate was measured. The mating season lasted 34 days. The confirmation of pregnancy was performed with 30 and 60 days. The chi-square test was used to compare mortality and pregnancy rates, all with a 5% probability. Ewes in the LESS diet presented lower birth weight up to 8 months of age when compared to CTL and PLUS diets (P &amp;lt; 0.005), which were not different from each other (P &amp;gt; 0.005). Mortality was influenced by the maternal diet (P = 0.0017), with values of 57.1, 20, and 7.41% for the LESS, CTL, and PLUS groups, respectively. The pregnancy rate was 21.4, 70 and 55.6% for the LESS, CTL, and PLUS groups, respectively, with a difference between them (P = 0.0390). We concluded that the supply of low energy diets for dams caused losses in the performance and reproduction indexes of replacement ewes.

Nutritional and physiological responses of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with de-oiled soyabean lecithin at different metabolisable energy levels and various fat sources.

A 42-d study was conducted to investigate the effects of an emulsifier supplementation (de-oiled soyabean lecithin (DSL)) of diets with different levels of metabolisable energy (ME) and various sources of fat on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and jejunal morphology of broiler chickens. Diets were arranged factorially (2 × 2 × 2) and consisted of two concentrations of ME (normal and low), two fat sources (soyabean oil (SO) and poultry fat (PF)) and two levels of DSL supplementation (0 and 1 g/kg). A total of 800 1-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to eight treatments with five replicates/treatment. The results showed the supplemental DSL caused improvements in the overall feed conversion ratio, fat digestibility and jejunal villus height:crypt depth ratio, but the magnitude of the responses was greater in the PF-containing diets, resulting in significant fat × DSL interactions (P<0·05). Abdominal fat percentage was also reduced by the PF-containing diet, but the response was greater in the normal ME diet, resulting in a significant ME × fat interaction (P = 0·048). Dietary DSL supplementation also increased nitrogen-corrected apparent ME values but decreased blood TAG (P = 0·041) and LDL (P = 0·049) concentrations, regardless of the source of fat used or the ME values in the diet. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the improvements in growth performance, fat digestibility and intestinal morphology that can be achieved with DSL supplementation are highly dependent on the degree of saturation of lipid incorporated into broiler chicken diets.

Determination of Optimal Levels of Energy, Protein, and Fiber in the Diets of New Zealand White Growing Rabbits Based on Nutrient-Response Models

A study was conducted to estimate the optimal levels of energy, protein, and fiber in the diets of New Zealand White (NZW) growing rabbits fed on fresh green forage available in North Vietnam. Mathematical modelling of nutrient-response curves was applied for the study. A total of 125 male growing rabbits at 6 weeks of age were randomly divided into 25 groups of 5 each to be fed on diets with an array of different levels of metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) by means of varying the ratio between fiber rich grasses, viz. elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Setaria grass (Setaria sphacelata), or Para grass (Brachiaria mutica), and protein rich forages, viz. water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) vines, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) vines, or Trichantera leaves (Trichanthera gigantea), in the basal diets. The average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were used as key responses of the rabbits to varied levels of ME, CP, and ADF in the diets. The results showed that the levels of ME, CP, and ADF in the diets strongly affected the ADG and FCR of the rabbits following curvilinear patterns with the highest ADG and lowest FCR when the diet contained 2106-2162 Kcal ME kg-1 DM with 16.5-16.8% CP and 21.9-22.4% ADF. Therefore, these levels of nutrients were considered to be optimal in the diets of NZW growing rabbits fed on local forages.

Effect of Diets with Different Levels of Metabolizable Energy on Physical and Chemical Carcass Characteristic of Male Kids

Effect of Diets with Different Levels of Metabolizable Energy on Physical and Chemical Carcass Characteristic of Male Kids

Different levels of metabolizable energy and sulfur amino acids in diets for white Bovans hens

Con el objeto de evaluar el comportamiento productivo de la gallina Bovans blanca de primer ciclo alimentadas con dietas con niveles diferentes de energía metabolizable (EM) y de metionina+cistina digestible (AAD), para lograr disminuir el porcentaje de huevo pequeño (&lt;42 g), al inicio de la producción se utilizaron 384 gallinas de 19 semanas de edad. Se usó un diseño completamente al azar, en un arreglo factorial de 4 X 2, donde el primer factor fueron los niveles de EM (2700, 2800, 2900, 3000 Kcal/kg) y el segundo factor fue la inclusión de diferentes porcentajes de AAD (0.45, 0.61). Cada tratamiento, contó con cuatro repeticiones de 12 gallinas cada uno. Durante ocho semanas se llevaron registros semanales, del porcentaje de postura, peso promedio del huevo, consumo de alimento; masa de huevo/ave/día y conversión alimenticia; además, se clasificó el huevo de acuerdo al peso. Los resultados obtenidos, no mostraron respuesta a los factores de estudio ni a la interacción entre nivel de EM y AAD, para ninguna de las variables productivas. Se encontró un efecto sobre el consumo de alimento del nivel de energía y aminoácidos azufrados (P&lt;0.05). Se disminuyó el porcentaje de huevo pequeño en los niveles más altos de EM de 2900 y 3000 Kcal/Kg (29.6 y 30.4 % respectivamente). Se incrementó (P&lt;0.05) el porcentaje de huevo grande en 3 % al usar dietas con el nivel de AAD de 0.61 %.

Metabolizable energy for broilers with different genetic growth potentials under a free-range system

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) on performance parameters and carcass characteristics in slow-growing (experiment 1) and fast-growing (experiment 2) broilers in a free-range system. Were evaluated broilers from 35 to 70 days old in experiment 1 and 28 to 49 days old in experiment 2. A completely randomized experimental design was employed in both experiments, with five treatments and four replicates totaling 20 experimental units containing 15 broilers each. The treatments consisted of rations that had increasing metabolizable energy levels obtained by the substitution of soybean oil in the basal diet for the inert sand ingredient. The metabolizable energy levels studied in experiment 1 were 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000 and 3100 kcal/kg, and in experiment 2, they were 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 kcal/kg. In experiment 1, there was a linear (P&lt;0,05) reduction in consumptionwith the increase in the metabolizable energy level, and a quadratic effect (P&lt;0,05) on the feed conversion was observed, which was estimated as 3046 kcal/kg the level that resulted in a better feed conversion of 2.648. In experiment 2, the metabolizable energy level exerted a significant quadratic effect (P&lt;0,05) on the feed intake and metabolizable energy consumption, with a maximum feed intake (3361.27 g) estimated for 2842 kcal/kg, and the maximum energy intake was estimated at 10020 kcal. The feed conversion decreased linearly (P&lt;0,05) with there was an increase in the studied levels. For broilers reared in a free-range system, for better feed conversion, the recommended metabolizable energy levels are as follows: for slow-growing broilers from 35 to 70 days of age, 3046 kcal/kg, and 3200 kcal/kg is recommended for fast-growing broilers from 28 to 49 days of age.

Effect of two oil types and energy levels on broiler performance, carcass quality and skin pigmentation

Abstract: This study evaluated different levels of metabolisable energy (ME) and two oil types: crude soybean oil (CSO) and acidulated soybean oil (ASO), in sorghum-soybean meal diets for broilers. One thousand and eight unsexed Ross 308 chicks aged 1 to 49 days old were used in a factorial arrangement design 2x3. The first factor corresponded to the oils (CSO and ASO) and the second factor corresponded to the ME levels (high, medium and low) in the initiation (1-10 days), growing (11-25 days) and finishing (26-48 days) feeds, with a 90 kcal/kg reduction. The treatments were as follows: (1) CSO with 3010, 3175 and 3200 kcal/kg; (2) CSO with 2920, 3085 and 3110 kcal/kg; (3) CSO with 2920, 3085 and 3200 kcal/kg; (4) ASO with 3010, 3175 and 3200 kcal/kg; (5) ASO with 2920, 3085 and 3110 kcal/kg; and (6) ASO with 2920, 3085 and 3200 kcal/kg. The treatments with high and medium levels of ME (P 0.05) between oil types was found. It can be concluded that it is feasible to replace CSO by ASO and to reduce 90 kcal/kg of ME from the recommended amount for the breed during the initiation and growing stages, without affecting their performance.

Quantification of methane emissions from Murrah buffaloes fed different energy diets during various temperature humidity index periods in a tropical environment

The objective of the present study was to quantify the enteric methane emission in Murrah buffalo heifers at high (summer) and low (winter) temperature humidity index (THI) period fed different energy level diets. Thirty-six growing Murrah buffalo heifers of average bodyweight (158.51 ± 16.5 kg) were distributed into three groups of six animals each separated based on their bodyweight and fed for the period of 120 days each during summer (high THI, 78–85) and winter (low THI, 50–61). The animals were fed on three different levels of metabolisable energy (ME) content and the Control ration (T1) having ME content according to ICAR (2013) and T2 and T3 were having 115% and 85% ME than the Control respectively, in total mixed-based ration. The SF6 tracer gas technique was used to quantify the enteric methane emission by the animals. Methane emission (g/day) of Control and the high energy (T1 and T2) group was lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than the low energy (T3) fed group in both seasons. Methane losses as percentage of gross energy intake was lower (P &amp;lt; 0.01) during the winter season. However, in the low energy treatment group (T3) at both seasons these values are higher than the IPCC recommended value (6.5%) for calculation of national inventory of greenhouse gas emission from enteric sources. In between season average daily gain (kg) was higher (P &amp;lt; 0.01) in the winter season and among the treatment groups it was higher (P &amp;lt; 0.01) in the high energy group (T1, T2). Higher (P &amp;lt; 0.01) digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre was reported in the Control and high energy-fed group. Whereas in the summer season digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fibre was higher (P &amp;lt; 0.01) than in the winter season. It can be concluded that energy levels significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) affect methane emissions and was lower in the Control and high energy-fed group (T1 and T2). However, while quantifying methane emission in changing THI period at different seasons it did not show any significant variation.

Influence of corn variety, drying temperature, and moisture content at harvest on the saccharides released during an in vitro pepsin‐pancreatin digestion

High‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC‐PAD) was used to quantify and to determine the nature of saccharides released after the digestion of two corn grains submitted to different drying and harvesting protocols. Five saccharides were quantified: glucose, maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, and glucosyl‐maltotriose. After a subsequent hydrolysis with amyloglucosidase of the released saccharides, the amount of total glucose recovered increased with the increase in drying temperature and the moisture content of grain at harvest. These results suggest that structural changes induced within corn starch granules during drying affect their hydrolysis by amylases. These changes may lead to different pathways of sugar absorption in the small intestine of monogastrics. Thus, corn grains with a similar composition may lead to different levels of metabolizable energy upon gastro‐intestinal digestion.

Assessment of feeding varying levels of Metabolizable energy and protein on performance of transition Murrah buffaloes.

Fifteen close up pregnant Murrah buffaloes of mean body weight (668.3±24.03) kg, lactation number (2.8±0.17) and expected producing ability (EPA) (2125.7±46.34) were randomly distributed into three groups each of five animals to investigate the performance at different levels of metabolizable energy and protein. Control group was fed as per ICAR Nutrient requirements of animals (2013) recommendation whereas treatment group (1) high metabolizable energy and high metabolizable protein (HMEMP) and group (2) low metabolizable energy and low metabolizable protein (LMEMP) were offered with ration containing 15% more and 15% less ME and MP, respectively. The feeding trial was carried out for the period of 40days before parturition and continued for 120days after parturition. Intake of dry matter (DM) (%BW) was similar among experimental groups. Metabolizable energy (ME) (MJ/100kg BW) and metabolizable protein (MP) (g/100kg BW) intake was highest in HMEMP followed by control and LMEMP group, respectively. Digestibility trial of 7days was conducted at 60days post-partum and it was observed that apparent digestibility coefficients (%) of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extracts (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar among the experimental groups. Milk yield (kg/kg DMI) was similar among treatment groups whereas 6% fat corrected milk (FCM) was lower in LMEMP group as compared to HMEMP and control. No significant effect of dietary MP and ME levels on milk composition was observed among experimental groups. There were no significant difference in non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) concentration among different experimental groups whereas concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (μg/ml) was found to be lower in LMEMP. The study results indicate that nutrient digestibility and lactation performance was not affected with 15% variation in intakes of ME and MP in lactating Murrah buffaloes.

Effects of milk thistle meal on performance, ileal bacterial enumeration, jejunal morphology and blood lipid peroxidation in laying hens fed diets with different levels of metabolizable energy.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of milk thistle meal on performance, blood biochemical indices, ileal bacterial counts and intestinal histology in laying hens fed diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy. A total number of 200 Leghorn laying hens (Hy-Line W-36) were randomly assigned to eight experimental treatments with five cage replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of four levels of milk thistle meal (0%, 15%, 30% and 60%) and two levels of AMEn (11.09 and 12.34MJ/kg) fed over a period of 80days. In vitro studies revealed that the total phenolic component of milk thistle meal was 470.64mg gallic acid equivalent/g of the sample, and its antioxidant activity for inhibiting the 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrichydrazyl free radical and reducing ferric ions was about 21% higher than that of butylated hydroxyltoluene (p<.05). Diets containing high level of AMEn led to improved egg production (p<.05), egg weight (p<.05), egg mass (p<.01) and feed conversion ratio (p<.01). In addition, offering diets containing high energy significantly enhanced (p<.01) serum triglyceride and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as jejunal villus height. Dietary supplementation of 3% milk thistle meal resulted in the best feed conversion ratio (p<.05), reduction of ileal Escherichia coli enumeration (p<.01) and an enhancement in the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (p<.05). Furthermore, feeding incremental levels of this meal led to remarkable decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and MDA (p<.01) concentrations while significant increase in blood high-density lipoprotein content and goblet cell numbers (p<.05). The present findings indicate that milk thistle meal with high antioxidant and antibacterial properties in laying hen diets may improve health indices and productive performance.

THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF JAPANESE QUAIL CROSS-GRAY RECEIVING FEED MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF METABOLIZABLE ENERGY AND WHEAT BRAN

В статье представлены результаты общего исследования перепелов кросса Японский серый, получавших кормосмеси с разным уровнем обменной энергии и пшеничных отрубей.

Levels of metabolizable energy and digestible lysine for broiler chicks 1-10 days of age

This study evaluated the effect of different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible lysine (DL) on the rate of protein deposition, rate deposition body fat and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks 1 to 10 days of age. The study design consisted of 1,152 broilers, weighing 52 ± 5 g, distributed in a completely randomized, 4x4 factorial design, consisting of four levels of ME (2700; 2825; 2950 and 3075 kcal/kg) and four levels of DL (1,080; 1,187; 1,295 and 1,403%), with 16 treatments and three replicates, with 24 poultry in each experimental unit. The protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat deposition rate (FDR) were not affected (P &amp;gt; 0.05) by the ME, however, PDR was influenced linearly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) by increasing lysine. There was an interaction (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between the levels of ME and DL, whose increase resulted in a higher villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and a greater relation villus: crypt ratio of the ileum. Therefore, levels of DL and ME had positive effects on the intestinal development of broiler chicks in the pre-starter phase.