Different Levels Of Irrigation Research Articles

Study on Water and Salt Transport Characteristics of Sunflowers under Different Irrigation Amounts in the Yellow River Irrigation Area

The control of irrigation volume is of significant importance in arid regions of northwest China. Particularly, it has a crucial impact on the salinization of shallow groundwater areas. In 2022 and 2023, field experiments were conducted to test three distinct under-membrane irrigation treatments. These treatments were assigned water quotas of HW (27 mm), MW (22.5 mm), and LW (18 mm). The HYDRUS-2D model was integrated with a field experiment to accurately simulate the dynamic fluctuations of soil water and salt in the sunflower root zone. The model’s performance was assessed and verified using real-field data from 2022 and 2023, and the simulation results closely matched the measured values. This research also used stable hydroxide isotopes to assess the water supply from various soil layers at different time intervals in sunflower plants. The results indicated that the three different levels of irrigation applied under the membrane had a significant impact on soil water content. Specifically, there was a significant difference in soil water content at a depth of 0–40 cm (p < 0.05), while there was little effect on the water content at a depth of 40–60 cm (p > 0.05). After irrigation, the average salt content in the top 0–20 cm of soil decreased by 7.0% compared to the medium and low irrigation levels, and by 10.8% compared to the medium irrigation level. Additionally, the medium irrigation level resulted in a 10.8% decrease in salt content compared to the low irrigation level, and a 4.1% decrease compared to the medium irrigation level. During the same period, the soil salinity levels at depths of 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm, and 60–100 cm in the area outside the membrane were measured to be 2.7~4.8 g·kg−1, 2.8~4.0 g·kg−1, 2.7~3.4 g·kg−1, and 1.7~2.6 g·kg−1, respectively. These levels decreased by 13.1~55.5%, 0.7~42.8%, −0.4~16.2%, and −72.7~7.5%, respectively. Following irrigation, the HW treatment mostly absorbed water in the 0–40 cm soil layer, while the MW and LW treatments absorbed water in both the 0–40 cm and 60–80 cm soil levels. The results indicated that the most optimal drip irrigation method beneath the membrane in this location was achieved when the amount of water applied was between 25–30 mm. This method demonstrated a combination of water conservation, high crop yield, and effective salt suppression.

Adjustment of the AquaCrop model in maize with different levels of irrigation in southern Uruguay temperate climate conditions

The AquaCrop model allows evaluating and designing irrigation strategies that improve the use of irrigation water. The objective of this research was to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model for maize to the climatic conditions of southern Uruguay, with different irrigation water management. This model was calibrated and validated for corn using experimental data from irrigation trials with different deficit levels in three seasons, 2015-16 and 2016-17 (calibration) and 2014-15 (validation). Three maximum irrigation depths were evaluated: 3, 6 and 9 mm day-1, and rainfed (rainfall only). The crop was parameterized for local conditions and water stress coefficients were adjusted. The calibration simulated the yield, biomass and soil moisture in the irrigated treatments with good performance. All the statistic indexes used to evaluate the adjustment between the observed and simulated data model indicated a good model performance, with the exception of the efficiency coefficient of the Nash-Sutcliffe (EF) model. The model underestimated the yield in the rainfed treatment (EF of -0.52) when root depth was limited to 0.7 m. However, the test soil allowed for greater radical exploration than the initially used. At 0.90 m root depth, the model was good at simulating the yields in the rainfed treatment, mainly in dry years (EF of 0.79). The model predicts the yield with good adjustment in different irrigation and rainfall situations if the stress coefficients are adjusted and the crop is properly parameterized, mainly the root depth.

Response of Jasmine rice to different levels of irrigation and organic fertilization under SRI cultivation method

Maintaining a certain level of rice production must coincide with maintaining soil fertility, reducing pollution to the environment, and reducing water consumption. A field experiment was carried out during the 2020 summer growing season in a spot of Al-Issa county-Abbasiya district in the province of Najaf, in order to study the effect of different levels of irrigation and organic fertilizers on the growth, yield and components of the local rice variety Jasmine. The experimental plants were planted on June 17, according to the rice intensification system (SRI) method, by seedling method, at distances of 25 cm between seedlings and lines, with one seedling in the hole. Weeds were removed by hand three times. It was designed as a factorial experiment using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates, where the irrigation levels (daily, 3 or 7 days irrigation intervals) as the main factor, while the organic fertilizers at two levels (10 and 5 ton.hˉ¹) were the secondary factor. The results showed that irrigation at 3 days intervals in clay soil mixed with the use of 10 ton.h-1 of organic fertilizers in SRI gave the highest rates of growth characteristics and yield components of Jasmine rice. In the case of irrigation and soil conditions in the study site, SRI is recommended to reduce water consumption and maintain an acceptable level of soil fertility, taking into account maintaining a level of production.

Productivity of Bt Cotton under Different Levels of Irrigation and Nitrogen in Alfisols

Aims: To determine the optimum irrigation schedule and nitrogen level for Bt cotton in alfisols in Southern Telangana.
 Study Design: Split plot design.
 Place and Duration of Study: ARI, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif 2014.
 Methodology: The experiment was laid out with three irrigation schedules (I1- 0.8 IW/CPE, I2 - 0.4 IW/CPE and I3 - Rainfed) as main plots and four nitrogen levels (N1- 0 kg ha-1, N2 - 75 kg ha-1, N3 - 150 kg ha-1 and N4 - 225 kg ha-1) as sub plot treatments replicated thrice. Treatments imposed as per the schedule and data recorded on yield, yield attributes, nitrogen uptake by adopting standard procedures
 Results: Irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE recorded significantly higher plant height (79 cm), drymatter at first picking (195 g plant-1), bolls plant-1 (16), seed cotton yield (1435 kg ha-1), lint yield (541 kg ha-1), stalk yield (2057 kg ha-1) and nitrogen uptake (63 kg ha-1) and was not differed significantly with 0.4 IW/CPE and these were significantly superior to rainfed cotton. Among nitrogen levels, significantly higher plant height (90 cm), drymatter at first picking (214 g plant-1) stage, days to reach boll development (90) stage, bolls plant-1 (15), boll weight (5.3 g), seed index (9.9 g), seed cotton yield (1435 kg ha-1), lint yield (547 kg ha -1) and stalk yield (2214 kg ha -1) were found with application of nitrogen at 225 kg ha-1 was comparable with 150 kg N ha-1 and were significantly superior over lower levels of nitrogen application. The substantial increase in yield and yield attributes might be due to favorable effect on growth attributes like plant height, increased bolls plant-1, drymatter accumulation plant-1 and its subsequent translocation towards sink improved the seed cotton yield.
 Conclusion: It can be concluded that, higher seed cotton yield can be obtained with the irrigation scheduled at 0.4 IW/CPE and application of nitrogen at 150 kg ha-1 in Bt cotton grown in alfisols.

Response of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Uptake of Primary Nutrients by Maize

A field experiment was accomplished from November 2018 to April 2019 at the site for agricultural research of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh to assess the effect of irrigation and nitrogen application on uptaking of primary nutrients by maize plant. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications was used to execute the experiment. Four irrigation treatments (I1, I2, I3 and I4: irrigation concerning 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of soil available water, respectively) as factor A and three nitrogen doses [N1, N2 and N3: Nitrogen application at 75%, 100% and 125% of prescribed dose (PD) as per fertilizer recommendation guide (FRG)] as factor B was implemented. The crop responded significantly in uptaking N, P, K to different levels of irrigation and nitrogen. The uptake of N at its highest level (141.66 Kg ha-1) was observed in treatment I3N3 but the maximum uptake of P (49.17 Kg ha-1) and K (159.39 Kg ha-1) were found under the treatment I4N2. The addition of irrigation and nitrogenous fertilizer also enhanced the N (0.08%), P (8.75 ppm) and K (0.18 meq/ 100g) content of post-harvest soils. The maximum total consumptive use of water of the crop was found to be 446 mm in I4 treatment regardless N levels. Irrigation at 80% of soil available water using 100% N on prescribed dose (I4N2), appeared to be the most acceptable combination for optimal nutrient absorption by maize in the specified region.

Pre-Harvest Salicylic Acid Application Affects Fruit Quality and Yield under Deficit Irrigation in Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Plants.

Salicylic acid (SA) application is a promising agronomic tool. However, studies under field conditions are required, to confirm the potential benefits of SA. Thus, SA application was evaluated under field conditions for its effect on abscisic acid levels, antioxidant related-parameters, fruit quality, and yield in Aristotelia chilensis subjected to different levels of irrigation. During two growing seasons, three-year-old plants under field conditions were subjected to full irrigation (FI: 100% of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), and deficit irrigation (DI: 60% ETo). During each growth season, a single application of 0.5 mM SA was performed at fruit color change by spraying fruits and leaves of both irrigation treatments. The results showed that DI plants experienced moderate water stress (-1.3 MPa), which increased ABA levels and oxidative stress in the leaves. The SA application facilitated the recovery of all physiological parameters under the DI condition, increasing fruit fresh weight by 44%, with a 27% increase in fruit dry weight, a 1 mm increase in equatorial diameter, a 27% improvement in yield per plant and a 27% increase in total yield, with lesser oxidative stress and tissue ABA levels in leaves. Also, SA application significantly increased (by about 10%) the values of fruit trait variables such as soluble solids, total phenols, and antioxidant activity, with the exceptions of titratable acidity and total anthocyanins, which did not vary. The results demonstrated that SA application might be used as an agronomic strategy to improve fruit yield and quality, representing a saving of 40% regarding water use.

Variation in physio-chemical attributes and WUE during growth and development of Pak choi (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis L.) under different drip fertigation and mulching treatments

AbstractIn the modern era, nutraceutical properties of horticultural crops are indispensable to determine their adaptability to different agro-ecological regions. The present study exploits the potential of mulches (P: plastic mulch; S: straw mulch; N: No mulch) in relation to drip irrigation (I1: 100%, I2: 80%, I3: 60% of crop evapotranspiration (Etc)), and fertigation (F1: 100%, F2: 80%, F3: 60% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF): 125 kg N, 62.5 Kg P2O5, 62.5 kg K2O per ha) on Pak choi at three maturity stages in the North West region of India. Plant fresh weight was the highest at 55 days after transplanting (DAT); however, maximum soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values were registered at 45 DAT. Antioxidant activity, FRAP, DPPH, phenols, flavanols, total sugars, ascorbic acid, free amino acids, and irrigation water use efficiency were observed significantly higher in plants grown on plastic mulch at different levels of irrigation and fertigation. It is envisioned that Pak choi plants had the highest nutritional value at 45 DAT from plots mulched with silver-black, irrigated at 80% Etc, and fertigated at 100% RDF. The nutrient enriched plants are used for green salad and as ingredients for the preparation of many recipes in the semi-arid and sub-tropic areas of India.

Productive and Economic Evaluation of Potato Hybrids under Different Water Stress Conditions

As the scarcity of water increases, India will face the problem of decreasing annual freshwater use per capita. Drought can cause significant output losses, particularly for crops with shallow root system like potato (Solanum tuberosum). An experiment was carried out to measure the effects of different levels of irrigation on yield parameters of different potato hybrids under water stress conditions during the winter season 2018-19 in open field conditions at the field of department of vegetable science in CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment included four irrigation levels I1 (irrigation at 20mm Cummulative Pan Evaporimeter (CPE)), I2 (irigation at 25mm CPE), I3 (irrigation at 30mm CPE) and I4 (irrigation at 30mm CPE + 5 t/ha grass mulch) and five potato hybrids under two different crops at 60 and 75 days. The results revealed that yield parameters i.e., total tuber yield, number of tubers in each grade, yield of tubers in each grade, harvest index, and biological yield were higher in both 60 and 75 days of crops under irrigation level 20 mm CPE (I1) and hybrid P-38. But, under water-stressed conditions, hybrid P-38 with an I4 schedule saves one irrigation and yields more than I3. The maximum water use efficiency (19.27 and 20.56 q/ha/mm) was attained with irrigation level I4 in 60 and 75 days of crop. In water stress conditions (I4) potato hybrid P-38 produced the highest net returns and benefit cost ratio (1.49 and 2.29). It was found that the potato hybrid P-38 with I4 was more cost-effective and produced more tubers in areas with lower water tables and less water.

Influence of Irrigation Levels and Mulching Types on Growth and Yield of Bean in Drought Prone Area of Bugesera, Eastern Rwanda

Purpose: Water saving practices are crucial for crop production in drought prone areas. This study was conducted in Bugesera District, in the Eastern Province of Rwanda. The objective was to determine the effect of irrigation levels and mulching types on growth and yields of beans. 
 Methodology: A split plot experiment consisting of three irrigation levels as main plots and three mulching types (no mulch, grass mulch and plastic mulch) as subplots, in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replications was conducted. Climbing bean, Mac 44 variety, was planted at 50 cm × 20 cm spacing. Different levels of irrigation and mulching were applied from 3 weeks after crop emergence. Irrigation water was applied using a manual watering can.
 Findings: Bean height and grain yield varied significantly due to the combined effects of irrigation × mulching. Highest value of plant height, 100 grain weight and yield value were obtained under the combination of 50% irrigation level with grass mulch. Compared to the control, yield improvement of 83%, 100 grains weight improvement of 39% and plant height increase of 20 % were observed under I1M1. Significant and positive correlations were observed between yield, plant height and yield parameters. The observed interdependence of yield parameters is illustrated by the positive and significant correlation between these parameters. Combining irrigation and mulching would improve climbing production while saving irrigation water up to 50%.
 Recommendation: Both plastic and grass mulch gave similar results, however grass mulch is recommended for climbing bean production in the study area due to its additional advantages over the plastic mulch. 

Interactive effects of depth and differential irrigation on soil microbiome composition and functioning

Two factors that are well-known to influence soil microbiomes are the depth of the soil as well as the level of moisture. Previous works have demonstrated that climate change will increase the incidence of drought in soils, but it is unknown how fluctuations in moisture availability affect soil microbiome composition and functioning down the depth profile. Here, we investigated soil and wheatgrass rhizosphere microbiomes in a single common field setting under four different levels of irrigation (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) and three depths (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, and 15-25 cm from the surface). We demonstrated that there is a significant interactive effect between depth and irrigation, where changes in soil moisture more strongly affect soil microbiomes at the surface layer than at deeper layers. This was true for not only microbiome community composition and diversity metrics, but also for functional profiles (transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets). Meanwhile, in rhizosphere communities the influence of irrigation was similar across the different depths. However, for the ‘Alkar’ wheatgrass cultivar, the rhizosphere microbial communities responded more strongly to changes in irrigation level than did the communities for the ‘Jose’ cultivar rhizosphere. The lessened response of deeper soil microbiomes to changes in irrigation may be due to higher incidence of slow-growing, stress-resistant microbes. These results demonstrate that the soil microbiome response to moisture content is depth-dependent. As such, it will be optimal for soil microbiome studies to incorporate deeper as well as surface soils, to get a more accurate picture of the soil microbiome response to stress.

Production of edible flowers: irrigation and biotechnology

Garden pansy is a versatile gardening plant – it produces beautiful colorful edible-flowers with high value in gourmet cuisine. The use of irrigation and biotechnology in garden pansy cultivation can provide gains in flower productivity and nutritional value. The goal of this study was to evaluate the growth and edible flower production in garden pansy plants, submitted to different levels of irrigation and mycorrhizal inoculation. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in the 2 x 5 factorial design, with the presence and absence of mycorrhizal inoculation in combination with 5 levels of irrigation with 6 replicates, in a greenhouse. There was no significant interaction between the factors mycorrhizal inoculation and irrigation levels by the F test. Under the tested conditions, the mycorrhizal inoculation was unable to provide significant changes in the growth, development and flowering of garden pansy plants. It was concluded that no symbiotic efficiency was pointed out between the mycorrhizal fungus used and garden pansy plants. The best growth and yield results for cultivating and producing edible flowers of garden pansy were obtained at the 100% replenishment level of water evaporation.

Irrigation levels and anti-transpirants impact on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Regional Research Station, Bawal, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to examine the consequences of different levels of irrigation and anti-transpirants application on Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]. The experiment consisted of 3 irrigation levels (I1, control; I2, one irrigation at 40 DAS; I3, two irrigations at 40 and 75 DAS), and two varieties (V1, RH-725; V2, RH-749) in main plots, whereas, 4 anti-transpirants (A1, control; A2, PMA @250 ppm at 45 and 90 DAS; A3, 6% kaolin at 45 and 90 DAS and A4, PMA @250 ppm + 6% kaolin at 45 and 90 DAS) in sub plots. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 3 replications. The results revealed that different irrigation levels and anti-transpirants significantly influenced the performance of RH-749 and RH-725 mustard varieties. Yield attributes such as number of siliquae/plant, siliquae length, number of seeds per siliquae, test weight, seed yield/plant and biological yield were recorded significantly higher during both the years. Whereas, in the case of anti-transpirants, highest biological yield and productivity per day of mustard was recorded in A4 as compared to A1 but it was at par with A3 anti-transpirants. Among the varieties, RH-749 performed better compared to RH-725 under different treatments. The interactive between I3 irrigation level and A4 anti-transpirants was significantly superioras compared to others. Moreover, mustard yield was found significant and positively correlated with different yield attributes.

Evaluation of the salinity tolerance of cotton trees under saline stress on two substrates

The aim of this study was to evaluate the salinity tolerance of cotton plants grown under saline stress in two substrates. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area at the Centec Cariri School of Technology (FATEC Cariri), located in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará state. A completely randomized design was applied, using a 4 x 2 factorial scheme consisting of four irrigation water salinity levels (0.5; 3.0; 5.0, and 10 dS m-1) and two substrates (0 - 20 cm soil layers and earthworm humus) with four replications. To assess the tolerance of cotton plants to salinity, the methodology proposed by Fageria (1985) was used. The percentage reductions in plant height, absolute growth rate, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf area of cotton plants submitted to different levels of irrigation with saline water in the two substrates were quantified, comparing them to the control (plants cultivated with water whose electrical conductivity is equal to 0.5 dS m-1). Based on the found results, it was found that the used type of substrate changed the classification of cotton salinity tolerance, especially at the highest salinity levels tested (5.0 and 10 dS m-1). When considering the data of stem diameter and leaf area, cotton plants grown in soil substrate showed greater tolerance to salinity. However, from the data regarding absolute growth rate and number of leaves, cotton plants grown in earthworm humus substrate were more tolerant to salinity.

Effect of different levels of irrigation and micronutrient fertilization on productivity of Seewy date palms By A. T. Abo-El-Ez, M. R. Gad-Elkarim, M. A. Hussien and I. A. Ismail Hort. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Sohag University, Egypt.

Effect of different levels of irrigation and micronutrient fertilization on productivity of Seewy date palms By A. T. Abo-El-Ez, M. R. Gad-Elkarim, M. A. Hussien and I. A. Ismail Hort. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Sohag University, Egypt.

Promising Bioregulators for Higher Water Productivity and Oil Quality of Chia under Deficit Irrigation in Semiarid Regions.

Appropriate water management practices are essential for the successful cultivation of chia in water-scarce situations of semiarid regions. This is highly essential when new crops such as chia are introduced for ensuring diversity and water saving. Therefore, field trials (2020-21 and 2021-22) were conducted to understand the impact of deficit irrigation and bioregulators (BRs) on the seed yield, water productivity, and oil quality of chia. The effect of foliar application of BRs such as thiourea (TU; 400 ppm), salicylic acid (SA; 1.0 mM), potassium nitrate (KN; 0.15%), potassium silicate (KS; 100 ppm), kaolin (KO; 5%), and sodium benzoate (SB; 200 ppm) were monitored at different levels of irrigation: 100 (I100), 75 (I75), 50 (I50), and 25 (I25) percent of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE). Deficit irrigation at I25, I50, and I75 led to 55.3, 20.1, and 3.3% reductions in seed yield; 42.5, 22.5, and 4.2% in oil yield; and 58.9, 24.5, and 5.7% in omega-3 yield, respectively, relative to I100. Bioregulators could reduce the adverse impact of water deficit stress on seed, oil, and omega-3 yield. However, their beneficial effect was more conspicuous under mild water stress (I75), as revealed by higher seed yield (4.3-6.9%), oil yield (4.4-7.1%), and omega-3 yield (4.7-8.5%) over control (I100 + no BRs). Further, BRs (KN, TU, and SA) maintained oil quality in terms of linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, even under mild stress (I75). Foliar application of KN, TU, and SA could save water to an extent of 36-40%. Therefore, the adverse impact of deficit irrigation on seed, oil, and omega-3 yields of chia could be minimized using BRs such as KN, TU, and SA, which can also contribute to improved water productivity.

Effect of irrigation on biomass production and components of dallis grass (Paspalum dilatatum) and Bahia grass (P. notatum) in Uruguay

Use of irrigation in forage production systems based on perennial C4 grasses has been limited because of inconsistent responses of biomass production to water. The effects of three different levels of irrigation on growth of Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) and P. dilatatum (dallis grass) over two consecutive growing seasons were studied. The phenological state of the plants was inferred by the proportion of lamina and non-lamina components. While irrigation failed to increase annual dry matter yield of forage, phenological composition of forage was affected by irrigation with both species showing changes in distribution of dry matter accumulation among different above-ground plant parts. Future research on these species should study the effects of moisture deficit on phenology to better understand the effects of irrigation.

Estimates of Variance Components and Heritability of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Commercial Sesame Cultivars at Different Levels of Irrigation and Mycorrhizal Fungi

Estimates of Variance Components and Heritability of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Commercial Sesame Cultivars at Different Levels of Irrigation and Mycorrhizal Fungi

Effect of different levels of irrigation and micronutrient fertilization on productivity of Seewy date palms

Effect of different levels of irrigation and micronutrient fertilization on productivity of Seewy date palms

Effects of applying river sediment with irrigation water on salinity leaching during wheat-maize rotation in the Yellow River Delta

In the Yellow River Delta, soil salinization and river sediment are the two factors influence on economic growth. A large area of salinization reduces crop yields and dredged river sediment increases management costs. This study evaluated the effects of applying sediments under different levels of irrigation on salinity leaching for improving field productivity. A three-year field experiment (from June 2017 to June 2020) was conducted by considering three levels of sediment application:a control (no sediment added, S1), 30▒mm ha−1 (S2) and 60▒mm ha−1 (S3), and three levels of irrigation water: 290▒mm (90▒mm maize + 200▒mm wheat, W1), 385▒mm (120▒mm maize + 265▒mm wheat, W2) and 480▒mm (150▒mm maize + 330▒mm wheat, W3). The results exhibited that soil leaching rate was up to 66.3 % under 60▒mm ha−1 sediment application and 385▒mm irrigation after three wheat-maize rotation cultivation. This irrigation and sediment applied strategy achieved the effect of leaching salt, saving water and increasing grain yields. The mean yield of wheat and maize in sediment application and irrigation treatment was 18.3▒t ha−1 in three-year experiment which was significant bigger than the control. Thus, it is a technically feasible and friendly sustainable approach for salinization soil development in the Yellow River Delta.

Development of forage maize yield–water functions by applying simultaneous different levels of irrigation and treated municipal wastewater

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop forage maize yield–water functions by applying different levels of irrigation and treated municipal wastewater. This research was conducted during May–August (2019 and 2020) in the field of the Marvdasht municipal wastewater treatment plant in a completely randomized block design with 12 treatments, 3 replications and 2 factors: (a) management of traditional deficit irrigation at 4 levels (full irrigation [FI] [100% irrigation requirement]) and deficit irrigation at 40, 60 and 80% levels of water requirement); (b) use of wastewater at 3 levels (wastewater [WW], one‐to‐one mixture of well water and wastewater [50/50], and well water [W]). Statistical models of evaluation were used to develop and evaluate yield–water functions and relative reduction in yield versus relative reduction in water consumption. The results of statistical evaluation of yield–water functions in three growth stages showed the relative advantage of yield–water functions of leaves in the vegetative stage, yield–water functions of stems in the flowering stage and yield–water functions of total dry matter in the grain‐ripening stage compared to other functions. The yield response factor (Ky) for total dry matter in the three stages of vegetative, flowering and ripening were 0.38, 0.52 and 0.63, respectively, and it was found that the most susceptible stage of maize growth to water deficiency was in the stage of grain ripening. Analysis of the interactive effect showed that the highest values of total dry matter yield in the vegetative and flowering stages, and grain yield in the ripening stage were 7260, 9857 and 3158 kg ha‾¹ in the WW‐FI treatment (full irrigation with wastewater), while the lowest levels of yield were 5052, 6069 and 1508 kg ha‾¹in the W‐DI60 treatment (60% deficit irrigation with well water). The results showed that the use of wastewater in traditional deficit irrigation conditions is beneficial for forage maize, so it can be recommended.