Different Levels Of Community Research Articles

Systematic Review of Education Sustainable Development in Higher Education Institutions

It is vital to enforce the distinguished assimilation of sustainability entities in higher education (HE) and establish an academia-wide collective curriculum on sustainability in an efficient manner, in order to disseminate and stimulate thoughts with forthcoming generations. The remit of this paper is to document the available literature and map the research landscape into a coherent taxonomy. This research adds to the available literature; moreover, it could also aid in the community comprehension of education in sustainable development (ESD) implementation and/or integration into higher education institutions (HEIs). We perform an attentive search in relation to education sustainable development (ESD) in three relevant electronic databases, namely, Web of Science (WoS), ScienceDirect and IEEE Xplore. The result of the review is a taxonomy that includes 148 articles published between early 2014 and mid-2019 that were then categorized into six classes, namely, the accomplishment of SD, awareness and commitment, evaluation and commentary, structural transformation, course coordination and university management. Additionally, we acknowledge varied involvement from different levels of communities supporting and promoting education to achieve sustainable development (SD).

Hybrid Onion Layered System for the Analysis of Collective Subjectivity in Social Networks

This research aims to analyze the Digital Social Networks (DSN) behavior, constructed from the network’s relationships, interactions, and expressions of users’ private states through collective subjectivity. For this purpose, an onion-ring system called COSSOL has been built in a case study for Twitter, following a hybrid approach to integrate Machine Learning classifiers and structural metrics from Computational Linguistics and Computational Sociology disciplines, respectively. The paper designs two experimentation scenarios divided into cases of collective subjectivity analysis for Colombia under different levels of communities’ granularity. The first case validates the system by performing a cointegration test on the metrics of each construct for the onion rings’ communities. The results show that some communities better propagate their subjective expressions against the disclosed topic when they have a higher network density and a common polarity. Moreover, the most stable communities in polarity towards a topic are those whose members are highly connected. Conversely, communities with a higher centrality index in a subset of members do not exhibit stability in collective subjectivity towards a topic disclosed in that community. The second case validates the model with a series of Social Network Analysis (SNA) metrics with a polarity layer to describe the second onion ring subcommunities and their temporal variation through community recalculation. The results show no polar distributions similar to the bimodal ones representing consensus in the values of the common Thinking Acting and Feeling (TAF) forms. In addition, general negative sentiment is identified for the ten most representative nodes of the subcommunities analyzed.

Evaluating the disparities in urban green space provision in communities with diverse built environments: The case of a rapidly urbanizing Chinese city

Urban green space (UGS) is often unevenly distributed in cities, which raises the issue of green justice. Previous studies have focused on evaluating the disparities in UGS provision across urban-rural gradients and inequities among heterogeneous social groups. However, few studies have considered the built environments in communities despite the potential for unprecedented rates of urbanization to exacerbate the living environment disparity within cities. Here, we assessed the disparities in UGS provision in communities with diverse built environments using a systematic framework incorporating availability, proximity, and desirability metrics. Specifically, we classified communities into six levels based on their spatial features such as patterns of development, scale, population density, and ‘green’ assets (e.g., private garden and tree-canopy coverage). Lorenz curves and the Gini index were employed to evaluate inequity, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the significant differences among different levels of community. Yangzhou city, China, was selected as a study case, and the results indicate that: (1) UGS is unevenly distributed, and communities located in the urban periphery have lower UGS provision; (2) Serious inequities in UGS provision are demonstrated, with a small proportion of the population having the greatest level of provision; (3) Significant disparities in UGS provision among different levels of community are revealed; generally, residents living in communities with a well-maintained ‘green’ assets enjoy access to more major public UGS. Our study provides a novel perspective on quantifying UGS provision inequities. It can help guide decision-makers and planners to accurately target vulnerable groups (communities) and formulate effective policies and strategies to address green injustice.

A Qualitative Study to Understand Stakeholders’ Views About the Fruits & Veggies (FNV) Social Marketing Campaign to Promote Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in the United States

BackgroundIn 2015, the Partnership for a Healthier America (PHA) piloted a branded social marketing communications initiative called the FNV (Fruits & Veggies) Campaign to promote the sale and consumption of fruits and vegetables among mom and teen target audiences in 2 California and Virginia pilot markets. After the first year, FNV was expanded to multiple markets across the United States through diverse partnerships. Factors, resources, and strategies that contribute to the effectiveness and sustainability of the campaign need to be identified. ObjectiveThe purpose of this qualitative study was to explore diverse stakeholders’ views and expectations about the FNV Campaign design, reach, effectiveness, and impact and prospects for expansion, scale-up, and sustainability. DesignSemistructured interviews were conducted between July and October 2016 with stakeholders to elicit their perspectives and expectations of the FNV Campaign. Participants/settingA purposive sample of diverse stakeholders (n = 22) affiliated with national, state, and local industry and government and nongovernmental organizations. AnalysisData were recorded, transcribed, input into NVivo 11 software (QSR International. Melbourne, Australia), coded and organized thematically using a conceptual framework that examined campaign design, reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, expansion, scaling up, and sustainability. ResultsOpportunities, challenges, and expectations of stakeholders were reported for the FNV Campaign related to engaging future partners from different levels of community, government, and industry; conducting and disseminating findings from multifaceted evaluations; ensuring campaign effectiveness; and developing and improving campaign elements for target audiences and partner adoption. Conducting formative research, partner, and audience engagement, implementation, and evaluation are essential to the ensure effectiveness and sustainability of the FNV Campaign. ConclusionsInsights from this study can inform the strategic use of social marketing campaign elements to facilitate the effectiveness and sustainability of the FNV Campaign as it expands and is scaled up across markets nationwide.

ЦІННІСНО-ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЙНІ ПІДСТАВИ АТРИБУЦІЇ МОЛОДДЮ ПРОВИН УЧАСНИКАМ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ВЗАЄМОДІЙ

The article covers the results of the study of the value and identification grounds of attributing guilt to the participants of social interactions. 111 students of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv evaluated the degree of mutual fault of 41 pairs of interpersonal, intergroup and inter-ethnic interactions participants. The questionnaire was supplemented with the S. Schwartz's test for the diagnosis of values, the J. Rotter's test of internal and external locus of control, the tests for the diagnosis of collective narcissism and identification with all humanity. Generalization of the obtained data allowed detecting the most significant value and identification characteristics that determined a direction and content of attribution of guilt to participants of interpersonal and intergroup interactions carried out by young people. They were: collective narcissism, identification with communities, in particular with Ukrainians, the values of conformity, tradition, benevolence and security. In interpersonal sphere, the relationships with parents and a parental family are the most sensitive to the attribution of guilt. Significant family interaction lays the psychological foundations for further blame attitudes in a broader social environment at different levels of communities. In the Ukrainian politicized society, a psychologically important figure is a close political opponent. Blaming him or her helps a person to identify him or herself as an active agent of social behavior. A political context of current social life has a significant impact on an assessment of intergroup guilt. The most important factors are political and ideological attitudes in the space of Ukrainian-Russian values confrontation and attitudes to official power as the most likely culprit of existing problems. Of the three areas of social interaction assessed, the least blaming content was found in Ukrainians’ relations with the neighboring peoples.

Returning the particular: Understanding hierarchies in the Belgian logistics system

AbstractThe recent proliferation of big data sources has given rise to a data deluge. Network theory has become the standard methodology to frame, develop and analyze such massive datasets. In line with the critique of Schwanen (2016), we argue in this paper that initiatives confronting network-based insights with (qualitative) location- and domain-specific insights are necessary in understanding, discussing and advancing the role network analysis can play in geography. By iterating a community detection algorithm to achieve different levels of communities and quantifying the borders between them through damping values (as proposed in Grauwin et al., 2017), we show how to derive the hierarchical structure within the logistics buyer-supplier network in Belgium. This allows for a richer geography, which has been missing in current big data studies.

Corporate social responsibility in community development and sustainability: Rourkela Steel Plant, a unit of SAIL, India

An attempt is made in this article to explore and build knowledge on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) performances for community development and sustainability in the context of Rourkela Steel Plant of Steel Authority of India in Odisha, particularly in the wake of Companies Act, section 135, 2013. The paper looks at the conduct of CSR transitional strategy if any for delivering a range of activities while the amount of money spent on CSR is a common indicator of performance. The case is based on content analysis and narrative inquiry. In-depth, open-ended personal interview and focus group discussion were conducted with project participants, women leaders, youth, community stakeholders, NGO partners and officials. Hard data and field information on the impact of CSR initiatives were organised to validate the proposition. Findings indicate that brand building and creating far-reaching positive business impact of RSP-SAIL as a responsible corporate citizen were important outcomes. This paper sets up an analytical framework that defines transitional strategies at different levels of communities in terms of production, organisations, governance, institutions and culture of relationships, noting how best to guide corporate towards sustainable community development through its CSR policy.

Developing a regional steady growth strategy on the basis of tools of economics of quality

The possibilities of spatial development of the regions are considered in terms of creating the steady growth strategy using the tools of economics of quality. The development conditions of Russian regions, features of modernization and perspectives of steady economic growth, along with the influence of economics of quality in its various aspects on the management processes at different levels of communities are analyzed.

Negotiating ‘Community’ in Educational Settings: Adult South Sudanese Students in Australia

In the culturally diverse Australian context, the relationship between culture, community and learning is a significant factor in educational outcomes. We argue that teachers and service providers can assist refugee students by being mindful of the students' negotiation of widening circles of community rather than by viewing the learning environment as independent of students' orientation to community. Data for this paper is derived from an ethnographic study of adult south Sudanese engaged in three different Australian learning environments. The concepts of social capital, interdependent self-construal/conjoint agency and active versus passive settlement styles are used to explore students' sense of belonging to, and negotiation of, different communities in relation to learning. Participants' engagement with learning is mediated through these different levels of community – an immediate ethnic group, a south Sudanese community and the wider Australian community. Active participants in the learning environments achieved success by focusing on long-term ethnic community responsibilities, negotiating these responsibilities to prioritise learning and developing strategic relationships with teachers.

A framework for prevention

Prevention activity often occurs at different levels of community and social network. At the smallest level it could occur among a group of drug users and their peers, at the largest level, it could take the form of international drug treaties and conventions. Clearly, there are a number of ways of facilitating changes at these different levels of community and social network. This paper describes a framework that has been used by the National Drug Research Institute. It is useful in explaining that various prevention activities can operate at different community levels and in different contexts, and describes their mechanisms of action. The framework borrows from, and adapts, the 'alcohol prevention conceptual model' of Holder and the 'conditional matrix' of Strauss and Corbin. The framework is limited in that it is not a fully conceptualized, data-based or theory-driven model that specifies how its elements relate to one another. Despite these limitations it has proved to be useful in planning, understanding and describing prevention activity.

A Mini-review of Microbial Consortia: Their Roles in Aquatic Production and Biogeochemical Cycling

Molecular oxygen (O2) is a potent inhibitor of key microbial processes, including photosynthesis, N2 fixation, denitrification, sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, iron, and metal reduction reactions. Prokaryote survival and proliferation in aquatic environments is often controlled by the ability to tolerate exposure to oxic conditions. Many prokaryotes do not have subcellular organelles for isolating O2-producing from O2-consuming processes and have developed consortial associations with other prokaryotes and eukaryotes that alleviate metabolic constraints of high O2. Nutrient transformations often rely on appropriate cellular and microenvironmental, or microzonal, redox conditions. The spatial and temporal requirements for microenvironmental overlap among microbial groups involved in nutrient transformations necessitates close proximity and diffusional exchange with other biogeochemically distinct, yet complementary, microbial groups. Microbial consortia exist at different levels of community and metabolic complexity, as shown for detrital, microbial mat, biofilm, and planktonic microalgal-bacterial assemblages. To assess the macroscale impacts of consortial interactions, studies should focus on the range of relevant temporal (minutes to hours) and spatial (microns to centimeters) scales controlling microbial production, nutrient exchange, and cycling. In this review, we discuss the utility and application of techniques suitable for determining microscale consortial activity, production, community composition, and interactions in the context of larger scale aquatic ecosystem structure and function.

Attachments in the Nested Community

Studies of emotional attachments to local communities in America have not generally included the conceptualization of the nested community offered by Albert Hunter and Gerald Suttles. Thus, most have not addressed the differential degree to which city dwellers forge attachments to different levels of community, or the social processes behind those emotional links. This article attempts to speak to those issues. It is based on surveys conducted in a high-rise apartment development in downtown Newark, New Jersey, a site selected strategically to yield respondents living in a "defended neighborhood" sited at the symbolic heart of a larger "community of limited liability." Using correlation and multiple regression analyses, the article examines the sources of respondents' attachments to each of those levels of the nested community. In the former, attachment is found to be in part a positive function of immersion in local interactional networks (as in other studies) but in larger part a positive reaction to perceived safety in the neighborhood's environs. In the latter, attachment is found to be both a positive carryover of more local attachments and a negative reaction to the conditions of contemporary urban life. Further analysis demonstrates the empirical distinctiveness of these attachments and the processes giving rise to them. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for future research on emotional links to nested communities.