Different Kinds Of Research Research Articles

A Sustainability Reporting Issue: A Comparative Review Between Indonesia and Nordic Country

Purpose: The aim of this study is to make a comparative review on sustainability reporting between Indonesia and Nordic Country Theoretical framework: The article captures various research which includes quantitative and qualitative analyses and case studies available in Scopus illustrated for a better understanding of how sustainability reporting in Indonesia differs from Sustainability in Nordic countries. Design/methodology/approach: This paper wants to find out comparison of sustainability reports between Indonesia and Nordic. The methodology used in this research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The SLR process systematically and critically reviews existing research studies.The steps this research undertakes are i) identifying and discovering keywords, ii) literature search, and iii) analysis and synthesis process. Identifying keywords is the initial step related to the proposed topic: sustainability reports. Regarding the environmental aspect, economy and governance; several other keywords are applied to the selected review locations, Nordic country and Indonesia. The choice of this search engine was intended to obtain scholarly literature with a reputable Scopus indexing.. So, this article shows different kinds of research, such as quantitative and qualitative analyses and case studies that can be found in databases like Scopus. This helps readers understand the topic better. Findings: The results of comparative study the sustainability report of company listed in Indonesia stock exchange left behind to elevated in the quantity and quality. In looking sustainability reporting (SR) conditions in Indonesia and SR in the European Union (EU) or Nordic countries (mandatory regime) , despite Indonesia(Voluntary regime) having issued regulation POJK 51/2017, there is still a need for further development and detailed guidelines regarding standards for producing sustainability reports to achieve the primary goal of managing sustainability risks related to a company's economic, social, and environmental aspects to safeguard human life in the future Research implications: The study have implication that sustainability reports produced by public company should backed up by proper regulation. Social implications: The study have social implication that sustainability reports accountability represents the participation on company in social and environment aspects in the society. Originality/value: The comparative review discusses theories, methodologies, context, findings, and future scope of research.

Taking the Long View: The Role of Replication in Research

This essay argues for the importance of replication in journalism, media, and communication research, and illustrates how the author’s research and that of others has benefited from replication. It begins by citing several research methods books on the value of replication and then turns to the different kinds of research done by the author in the past half century and how these studies have benefited from replication. It ends by citing other prominent programs of communication and media research that have also used replication to increase knowledge of subjects such as the cultivation effects of television, the effects of movies and television on children, media uses and gratifications research, studies of television and social behavior, and research on journalism and communication education.

Experimental Models to Study the Functions of the Blood-Brain Barrier.

The purpose of this paper was to discuss the achievements of in vitro modeling in terms of the blood-brain barrier [BBB] and to create a clear overview of this research area, which is useful in research planning. The text was divided into three main parts. The first part describes the BBB as a functional structure, its constitution, cellular and noncellular components, mechanisms of functioning and importance for the central nervous system, in terms of both protection and nourishment. The second part is an overview of parameters important in terms of establishing and maintaining a barrier phenotype that allows for formulating criteria of evaluation of the BBB in vitro models. The third and last part discusses certain techniques for developing the BBB in vitro models. It describes subsequent research approaches and models, as they underwent change alongside technological advancement. On the one hand, we discuss possibilities and limitations of different research approaches: primary cultures vs. cell lines and monocultures vs. multicultures. On the other hand, we review advantages and disadvantages of specific models, such as models-on-a-chip, 3D models or microfluidic models. We not only attempt to state the usefulness of specific models in different kinds of research on the BBB but also emphasize the significance of this area of research for advancement of neuroscience and the pharmaceutical industry.

A Perspective of Digital Marketing in Rural Areas: a Literature Review

Purpose: The aim of this study is to find users who are willing to use digital marketing over traditional marketing. Theoretical framework: The article is portraited various research which includes quantitative, and qualitative analyses and case studies available in various databases like a web of science, Scopus is illustrated for a better understanding of the topic Design/methodology/approach: This paper wants to find out what makes people want to use digital marketing tools for further study. According to the author's previous research, factors that affect digital marketing are attitude, trust, adaptation, value, and quality. According to the author's analysis of recent studies, digital marketing is more effective than traditional marketing, and users are more willing to use digital marketing than traditional marketing. So, this article shows different kinds of research, such as quantitative and qualitative analyses and case studies that can be found in databases like Web of Science and Scopus. This helps readers understand the topic better. Findings: The Review provides a literature review of who is willing to use digital marketing over traditional marketing. Originality/value: The review discusses theories, methodologies, context, findings, and future scope of research. Research limitations: Limitations were found when picking relevant journals and articles. Some journals need authentic access to get in, so data can't be analyzed from these articles. Also, this study is limited with rural context. Social implications: The use of digital marketing technologies and tools that can be used more effectively to improve the traditional marketing strategy because the word "digitalization" has started to take over the world. Digital marketing tools are one of the best ways to connect with customers and draw them in.

Advancing veterinary education through a different kind of research

Advancing veterinary education through a different kind of research

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Coronavirus Rates in Iranian Elderly Patients More than 60 Years Old with Acute Respiratory Symptoms.

Scientists have believed that a number of risk factors, especially viral infectious agents, can be related to respiratory diseases. Due to the pandemics in 2019, Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Coronavirus have attracted the attention of different kinds of research. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the prevalence of these viruses. After extracting the RNA and DNA of these viruses, molecular tests were employed to report the rate of them in patients suffering from respiratory symptoms. Our results demonstrated that 31 samples were COVID-19 positive. Furthermore, two cases had Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup A infections. However, no cases showed a coinfection of both viruses. It seems that during the pandemic of COVID-19, RSV should not be ignored as it can be responsible for the respiratory syndrome.

Research translation: A pathway for health inequity.

In a context of social inequity, research translation naturally furthers health inequity. As Fundamental Cause Theory (FCT) explains-and an associated empirical literature illustrates-those with more resources benefit earlier and more from scientific innovation than those with fewer resources. Therefore, research translation of its own course creates and widens health disparities based on socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity. Yet, the conversation about research translation has yet to center this critical reality, undermining our efforts to address heath inequity. Moving toward sustainable health equity requires that we build the evidence base for, prioritize, and institutionalize translation approaches that center the needs and assets of low-resource populations (with community engagement helping toward that end). However, even the impact of that approach will be limited if we as a society do not mobilize knowledge to address social inequity and the many ways in which it shapes health. The health research community should engage the FCT paradigm to think critically about resource allocation among different kinds of research and action. Moreover, in our contributions to discussions about the road to health equity, we must be forthcoming about the reality FCT describes and the limitations it indicates for achieving health equity through translation of biomedical, clinical, health services, and health behavior research alone.

Cardioprotective Effects of Physical Activity: Focus on Ischemia and Reperfusion

Abstract This review aimed to revisit the old and introduce some of the new various cardioprotective effects of physical exercise, focusing on ischemia-reperfusion injury. A wealth of data shows that regular physical exercise is necessary to prevent cardiovascular diseases. In the last few years, a number of new training regimes, usually modified variations of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocols, have been rising in popularity among people of all ages. Since exercising is not limited to only healthy people, our study emphasized the benefits of HIIT and MICT in preventing or mitigating cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Different kinds of research are being performed, studying the various positive and side effects of these training regimes, all in hopes of finding the most optimal ones. So far, all of them have shown that exercising to any extent, even for a short period of time, is beneficial in one way or another, and outweighs the possible risks it might have. We also revisited some of the known molecular mechanisms responsible for many of the effects of physical exercise and introduced some new findings related to them. Lastly, we summarized and compared the benefits of different HIIT and MICT protocols to narrow down the search for the most efficient training method.

Animal Models of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: Classification and Selection.

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a common degenerative joint disease that can cause severe pain and dysfunction. It has a serious impact on the quality of lives of patients. Since mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of TMJOA is not fully understood, the development of effective tools for early diagnosis and disease-modifying therapies has been hindered. Animal models play a key role in understanding the pathological process of diseases and evaluating new therapeutic interventions. Although some similarities in disease processes between animals and humans are known, no one animal model is sufficient for studying all characteristics of TMJOA, as each model has different translatability to human clinical conditions. For the past 4 decades, TMJOA animal models have been studied by numerous researchers and can be broadly divided into induced, naturally occurring, and genetically modified models. The induced models can be divided into invasive models (intra-articular injection and surgical induction) or non-invasive models (mechanical loading, high-fat diet, and sleep deprivation). Different types of animal models simulate different pathological expressions of TMJOA and have their unique characteristics. Currently, mice, rats, and rabbits are commonly used in the study of TMJOA. This review sought to provide a general description of current experimental models of TMJOA and assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate models for different kinds of research.

The Situation of Rice Production and Trade of Farmers in the Upper Northern Region of Thailand

This study aims to study the situation of organic rice production and trade of farmers in the upper northern region of Thailand. This is qualitative research. The research area was organic rice for single and group farmers in Chiang Rai, Phayao, Chaing Mai, Lamphun, and Lampang. Target groups of important informants were model farmers who have been certified for organic rice production, local scholars and representatives of organic rice farmers, and organic rice academics using purposive sampling methods under the criteria and qualifications set by the researchers. There were three different kinds of research: questionnaires, interview forms, and group discussions. Data collection consisted of document research, interviews, observation, and small group discussions. The data was then analyzed, the content synthesized and descriptive reports were written. The results of the research revealed that rice production and trade of farmers in the upper northern region of Thailand in five provinces research areas are mainly for consumption and food security because most areas rely on rainwater, have fewer irrigated areas, and have less farming space than other sectors. The methods of farming are transplanting paddy fields, dry broadcasting paddy fields, wet broadcasting paddy fields, and drop broadcasting paddy fields. Most of the 82 percent are transplanting paddy fields and in some areas in the foothills where rice is planted in July and harvested from October to December. The most cultivated type of rice is glutinous rice, followed by white jasmine 105 rice, Pathumthani fragrant rice, brown rice, and organic rice respectively. The rice trade for farmers was divided into two levels: paddy marketing and rice marketing. Farmers store a portion of their products for household consumption and another portion for seed cultivation. Some farmers entered the loan program for delaying the sale of rain-fed paddy fields. For the rest of the products, farmers would sell paddy to merchants, Rice Farmers' groups, agricultural institutes (cooperatives), and private mills.

Hip-Hop's White Audience

This paper seeks to unpack the relationship between Hip-Hop and its white audience. As Hip-Hop's audience continues to grow, it is important to note shifts and changes in the genre that results from this increased popularity, specifically, this paper will take a look at Hip-Hop's white audience and provide an overview of some of the research social scientists have been conducting on the subject. The paper is divided into two sections according to the different kinds of research conducted by scholars: audience analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, help illustrate the perspective of Hip-Hop's white audience; content analysis, both of lyrics and videos, highlight the ramifications of Hip-Hop's white audience on the genre itself. As a literature review, this paper does not seek to make an argument on the relationship between Hip-Hop and its white audience as much as provide an overview of the arguments being made by certain social science scholars.

Automated text analyses of YouTube comments as field experiments for assessing consumer sentiment towards products and brands

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to show how non-random groupings of YouTube videos can be combined with automated text analysis (ATA) of user comments to conduct quasi-experiments on consumer sentiment towards different types of brands in a naturalistic setting.Design/methodology/approachNCapture extracted thousands of comments on multiple videos representing different experimental treatments and Leximancer revealed differences in the lexical patterns of user comments for different types of brands.FindingsUser comments consistently revealed hypothesized relationships between brand types, based on existing theory regarding motivations for nostalgia and the relationship between consumer preferences, online product ratings and purchases. These results demonstrate the viability of conducting quasi-experimental research in naturalistic settings via non-random groupings of YT videos and ATA of user comments.Research limitations/implicationsThis research adopts a single quasi-experimental design: the non-equivalent group, after-only design. However, the same basic approach can be used with other quasi-experimental designs to examine different kinds of research questions.Originality/valueOverall, this research points to the potential for ATA of comments on different categories of YT videos as a relatively straightforward approach for conducting field experiments that establish the ecological validity of laboratory findings. The method is easy to use and does not require the participation and cooperation of private, third party social media research companies.

Att skapa ett mer inkluderande utbildningssystem. En avslutande reflektion

To Create a More Inclusive School System. A Concluding Reflection. In this summarizing section of this thematic issue on inclusive education, the contributions are contextualized and discussed. It is argued in the paper that research about inclusive education is part of a reconstructivist educational ideology that strives to make educational systems more just and democratic. The contributions to the special issue provide valuable knowledge in this regard. These contributions are briefly presented. In addition, the role of theory in educational research about inclusive education and how the field can be further developed is discussed. Moreover, the need to let theories about inclusive education be examined for their capacity to actually change practices in a more inclusive direction is pointed out. However, it is concluded that research about inclusive education needs a broad agenda involving different kinds of research.

Reflections on research questions in mobile assisted language learning

AbstractResearch questions are central to mobile assisted language learning (MALL) projects and studies, yet they have received little attention to date. Taking research questions as its central focus, this paper offers some reflections on the complexity of the broader field of mobile learning, on different kinds of research, on salient themes and challenges in mobile learning and MALL, and it suggests some research directions for the future. Since MALL research is interdisciplinary, and since research questions are an object of study in other fields of knowledge, the paper refers to sources from multiple disciplines to support a more comprehensive consideration of current and future research questions in MALL. The paper is fundamentally an invitation to a global conversation about research questions in MALL.

Book Review: The impact of technology education: International insights

The Impact of Technology Education: International Insights is the third volume of international research prepared by the Center of Excellence for Technology Education (CETE). There are nine chapters of different research activities that attempt to substantiate the claim that technology education can be a powerful teaching and learning tool in preK–12 schools and postsecondary settings. The researchers assert an urgent need to expose students to technical subjects and realistic problem-solving as early and as often as possible. Although each chapter presents different kinds of research and insights on the impact of technology education, the call for a unified effort to support technology education is the central theme of these chapters. This book informs us of successes achieved in developing technological literacies and reminds us of the work that needs to be continued to demonstrate the value of technology education. What follows is a summary of specific chapters in this book.

The Role of Research in the Basic Income Debate in the UK

This paper will explore a variety of aspects of the current debate on Basic Income in the UK. It will survey the different kinds of research that have been carried out, and will identify where research results have informed the debate, where they have been abused, and where they have been ignored. It will discuss the importance of clear definitions, and of choosing appropriate research methods. International comparisons will be offered where appropriate. Three different kinds of research that will be important to future debate on Basic Income will be discussed: microsimulation modelling, pilot projects, and public opinion surveys. JEL: I380

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: CONCEPTUAL DIFFERENCE AND APPLICATION IN BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

The concept of Ecosystem Services proposed in the 1970s gained wider discussion in the 1990s, mainly due to the increased engagement of member countries of the United Nations in building policies for sustainable dksevelopment that consider human needs and the preservation of natural resources, drawing to this end on efforts from various fields of science. Different sectors of academia, such as biology and geography, contributed to this interdisciplinary discussion with studies in the environmental area and other fields of science that do not effectively work with concepts like ecosystem and environment, and sometimes use these concepts incorrectly in their works to explain a given phenomenon. In order to contribute to the interdisciplinary discussion related to Ecosystem Services and Environmental Services, this article proposes a review of the concepts of ecosystem and environment, including the Payment for Services model, whether environmental or ecosystem, and of Brazilian federal legislation on the subject, contributing to the discussion on how these terms can be used in a more feasible way to address phenomena studied in different kinds of research.

Mixed Methods Research in Knowledge Management Studies (2009–2014): A Content Analysis of Journal Articles

The purpose of this article is to investigate the adoption and utilisation of mixed methods research (MMR) in an emerging field, such as knowledge management (KM). Methodologies used by researchers have a bearing on the reliability and validity of the knowledge they produce. There is need to explore the prevalence in use of various methodologies over time. Such studies provide researchers time to reflect on their research practices. It is important to reflect on how researchers are adopting and utilising MMR approaches and what can be done to improve methodological approaches in research. A qualitative content analysis of articles from five leading KM-centric journals published between 2009 and 2014 was conducted for the research purpose. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the utilisation of MMR in KM and provide guidance for those seeking to learn about and apply MMR approaches in research in context. Only 1.1% of the studies were classified as representing some form of MMR. Of the eight articles that were sampled, five of them did not explicitly identify themselves as MMR studies. Two of the articles did not give reasons for combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. None of the studies that were examined identified the MMR approach that was employed. Four of the MMR studies were exploratory, three were explanatory and one was convergent. All the articles were partially mixed studies. Few researchers indicated how they prioritised qualitative and quantitative strands. A handful of sampled studies used MMR and employed basic design typologies in contrast to complex typologies. It is recommended that KM research should embrace MMR and use complex design typologies in order to enhance their understanding of the complex problems that KM scholars encounter. Methodological pluralism has the potential of contributing to the growth in knowledge and development of many perspectives in the field: an appreciation of the advantages of using MMR and its potential to provide a holistic, innovative and robust perspective of research phenomena. The selection criteria in this study excluded other journals that cover KM research. Further research may uncover whether the prevalence rates reported in this study are consistent with those journals which were excluded in this study. Methodologies used by researchers for different kinds of research may be different. The research method employed in this study does not have the ability to establish that. Future studies may employ interviews and other data collection techniques in order to triangulate methods to determine why MMR was not prevalent. The future research directions should consider the extent to which personal, interpersonal and social contexts influence researchers to use MMR.

A trust evaluation system based on reputation data in Mobile edge computing network

In recent days, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) emerges as a new computing paradigm that pushes computing resources towards the edge of the Internet and close to end users and more scholars begin to carry out their different kinds of research under the framework of edge computing. Unlike cloud computing however, edge computing often lacks a centralized security mechanism, which increases the security risks of resource consumers. Therefore, to address security issues for facilitating MEC well, we focus on the establishment of an effective trust evaluation system in this paper. We presented a Reputation-based Trust Evaluation and Management (RTEM) system for a secure and efficient MEC network, wherein the edge servers are adopted to execute reputation data management for mobile edge nodes. In this system, a three-tier trust evaluation framework (identity trust, capability trust, behavior trust) was proposed to ensure the edge nodes that join the network system for service interaction are qualified, capable, and reliable. In order to update and calculate reputation data more accurately, we designed a reputation-based trust evaluation model and evaluated the effectiveness and robustness of our designed model on the OMNeT++ platform. The results show that our proposed mechanism can increase the transaction success rate of the edge network by more than two times compared with the network without trust evaluation mechanism, and perform better than the traditional subject logic (TSL) trust evalaution mechanism.

Spirituality in the cognitive process and the regulation of digital behaviour: human ethics and machine learning

Regulation models based on the human cognitive systems and ethics are embodied in social institutions. Among the issues of the processes of urbanization, secularization, anti-war speeches, the fight against poverty and discrimination, spirituality became an important subject of research especially in the Post-Soviet sociological space, where the common elements of the social development were widely represented in different kinds of research, but the impact of religion and spiritual activity was underappreciated and was almost not studied. Some of the approaches and terms were borrowed from the Western sociology, as well as the liberal approach of market economy was initially studied on the basis of materials copied from American and European textbooks. Very soon scholars discovered that the notion of spirituality had different connotations on the territory of the former Soviet republics, where the hunger for spirituality was inherited (Mariański 2009: 149-179) since the omnipresent and ubiquitous communist ideology concerned the social life, including the religious activity of the populations of the former Soviet Union regions. Spirituality also began to awaken interest of social science as the knowledge of the organization of social life. Since the USSR collapse, the concepts of, spirituality as well as new spirituality become an important novelty for the sociological science, sociological reviews and conferences. At the same time, spirituality started to be used as an argument in the political and economic discussions that provoked the critics of this concept among scholars as well as inspired scepticism in society. The presented paper deals with the cognitive approach and combines the sociological approach with analysis of spirituality and the economic analysis of the intellectual systems and computing machines, especially, the “cognitive” processes of machine learning with the use of software for human beings to determine the requirements for the regulation mechanisms of the behavior human beings and machines in the digital era.