Different Kinds Of Identities Research Articles

IScotland: building a unified model of activism in multi-platform communication environments from traditional PR theory

PurposeIn recent years, there has been a growth in research aimed at understanding the foundations of modern activist communication in media-rich and multi-platform environments. For example, Chon and Park's analysis of the American Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement built on Kim and Grunig's STOPS model. Yet, social and political injustice can exist for extended periods of time without successful movements emerging, so what leads people to demand social and political change through activism? This paper posits that crisis is trigger that motivates people to activism and evaluates that within the context of the Scottish independence movement.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on in-depth interviews with 26 advocates for Scottish independence, which yielded more than 32 h of data. Data were analysed using Strauss and Corbin's (1990) constant comparative method approach using open coding, axial coding and selective coding finding thematic saturation after only 10 interviews.FindingsThe study provides a clear extension of Chon and Park's model of activism by finding that crises are critical triggers for activism. Moreover, these findings also provide insights into not only the Scottish independence movement but more broadly the extension of traditional public relations and communication theory in multi-platform and multi-actor environments.Originality/valueThere are several contributions this piece makes. First, this paper extends activist, crisis and strategic communication research to more systematically consider the role that crisis plays in social and political advocacy. Second, this paper affords the opportunity to consider the challenges of communication, democracy and activism in the social media age. Finally, this paper supports an international view that discrimination and affective injustice experiences cut across many different kinds of identities and experiences instead of the traditionally considered ethnic, religious and gender-based experiences traditionally addressed.

Illusory social agents within and beyond voices: Acomputational linguistics analysis of the experience of psychosis.

ObjectivesPsychosis has a strong social component and often involves the experience of being affected by ‘illusory social agents’. However, this experience remains under‐characterized, particularly for social agents in delusions and non‐vocal hallucinations. One useful approach is a form of computational linguistics called corpus linguistics that studies texts to identify patterns of meaning encoded in both the semantics and linguistic structure of the text.MethodsTwenty people living with psychosis were recruited from community and inpatient services. They participated in open‐ended interviews on their experiences of social agents in psychosis and completed a measure of psychotic symptoms. Corpus linguistics analysis was used to identify key phenomenological features of vocal and non‐vocal social agents in psychosis.ResultsSocial agents i) are represented with varying levels of richness in participants’ experiences, ii) are attributed with different kinds of identities including physical characteristics and names, iii) are perceived to have internal states and motivations that are different from those of the participants, and iv) interact with participants in various ways including through communicative speech acts, affecting participants’ bodies, and moving through space. These representations were equally rich for agents associated with hallucinated voices and those associated with non‐vocal hallucinations and delusions.ConclusionsWe show that the experience of illusory social agents is a rich and complex social experience reflecting many aspects of genuine social interaction and is not solely present in auditory hallucinations, but also in delusions and non‐vocal hallucinations.Practitioner Points The experience of being affected by illusory social agents in psychosis extends beyond hallucinated voices.They are a rich and complex social experience reflecting many aspects of genuine social interaction.These are also likely to be a source of significant distress and disability.

RUSSELLIAN DEFINITE DESCRIPTION THEORY—A PROOF THEORETIC APPROACH

AbstractThe paper provides a proof theoretic characterization of the Russellian theory of definite descriptions (RDD) as characterized by Kalish, Montague and Mar (KMM). To this effect three sequent calculi are introduced: LKID0, LKID1 and LKID2. LKID0 is an auxiliary system which is easily shown to be equivalent to KMM. The main research is devoted to LKID1 and LKID2. The former is simpler in the sense of having smaller number of rules and, after small change, satisfies cut elimination but fails to satisfy the subformula property. In LKID2 an additional analysis of different kinds of identities leads to proliferation of rules but yields the subformula property. This refined proof theoretic analysis leading to fully analytic calculus with constructive proof of cut elimination is the main contribution of the paper.

What's in a category? A new approach to Discourse Role Analysis

Building on the work of John Mohr, I propose a new, broadly applicable approach to Discourse Role Analysis (DRA). Whereas the goal of behavioral role analysis is to identify the different kinds of actors that exist in interaction, the goal of DRA is to identify the different kinds of identities that exist in discourse. To do this, I suggest thinking of discourse roles as latent conceptions of identities composed of treatments, actions, and characteristics that are frequently concurrently associated with identities in stories. I propose a method to infer discourse roles from unstructured text data that draws on novel techniques from Natural Language Processing. This framework is leveraged to shed light on German news coverage of refugees (2010-2020), which employs a set of distinct discourse roles such as refugee as claimant of welfare benefits, refugee in distress at sea, and refugee as a criminal. I then assess how different refugee identity categories are situated within this discourse role structure. I pay particular attention to Geflüchtete, a category that emerged only recently in German discourse. Whereas initial use of Geflüchtete was motivated by a language critique that aimed at replacing the general term for refugees (Flüchtlinge), DRA indicates a process of categorical differentiation in which the category increasingly serves to distinguish different kinds of refugees.

‘The Principle of Mutual Support’: Female Friendly Societies in Scotland, c. 1789–1830

Friendly societies gave working people an element of security through mutual insurance against sickness, while also offering opportunities for regular, sometimes ritual-based, sociability. Their history has often been viewed as a part of labour history and dominated by the associational patterns of skilled men. More recently much has been done by social historians to explore friendly societies as fraternal associations through which different kinds of identities, including gender identities, might be developed. The regional diversity and the heterogeneity of male societies before 1830 have been emphasised. This paper examines the appearance of female friendly societies in Scotland between c. 1790 and 1830, set against the growth of male friendly societies: sixty-six female societies and over 1500 male societies have been identified. The previously unexplored development of female friendly societies in Scotland has also been compared to existing literature on such societies in England and Wales. Like them, Scottish women's societies were unlikely to be occupationally based, and much more likely to relate to neighbourhood and community ties and to be committed to values of respectability. Their regulations were likely to reflect women's dual identities as workers and carers for their families. Elite women found in them opportunities to extend their own local influence in a philanthropy directed towards mutual self-help. But the growth of Scottish female societies followed a different chronology from those of England and Wales, and had a different regional distribution, concentrated in south-west Scotland and largely absent from major cities.

MOUSIKÊ, SOCIAL STANDING, AND AESTHETIC TASTE INQUAESTIONES CONVIVALES7.5 AND 9.15

Despite much excellent work on the social roles thatmousikêplayed in antiquity, aesthetic taste has been too little studied: that is, the preferences that different individuals possessed, and the way in which these preferences can be understood to relate to different kinds of identities. In an attempt to tease out some of these preferences in the early Imperial period, this article discusses one of the richest, though under-studied, texts for such topics: namely, Plutarch'sQuaestiones convivales(QC), which represents intellectuals engaging with Greek poetry and music in a variety of sympotic contexts. For these educated individuals,mousikêand taste in it are treated as an intrinsic aspect and component of imperialpaideia.

학생들이 세계사에서 ‘중요한 역사’를 판단하는 기준

This study investigated how students make sense of historical significance in world history. Using qualitative, task-based interviews, I interviewed 40 secondary students who had taken world history courses. Findings indicated that students thought that it is important to learn how current globalized societies have developed. Students also tried to understand different ideologies, values, or customs over the world by learning world history. Furthermore, they hoped to learn historical lessons in world history, particularly from historical narratives of overcoming the hardship. Finally, students tried to emphasize the greatness of Korean history and culture by comparing and contrasting between Korean and world history. These findings suggest that students are under conflicts of different kinds of identities between global citizenship and national citizenship. Although they recognized that they have to improve tolerance toward differences, their patriotic ideas toward Korean history were conflicted with this recognition, and students’ national identity limited their multifaceted understandings of world history topics. Therefore, I conclude that history education in Korea needs to purse democratic citizenship education in order to overcome narrow-minded national identity, and world history must help students think of various perspectives from others that counter patriotic narratives in Korean history.

Exploring Ambiguity: Aboriginal Identity Negotiation in Southwestern Sydney

There has been little discussion on urban Indigenous identity in post-settler societies. However, in the scarce works which exist on this issue there are some remarkably common traits. For most Indigenous people, identity has primarily involved kinship ties associated with their perceived place of origin. In the city, Indigenous people encounter other Indigenous people who cannot be identified through kinship ties; in this situation, organizations dealing with Indigenous issues provide ways of connecting nonrelated Indigenous people, in line with a notion of ‘pan-Indigeneity’. This pan-Indigeneity is not only based on their experience in the city, but also is influenced by the ‘antique’ image of Indigenous people created through contact with European settlers as well as the common cultural mores and traits which Indigenous people share. With these different kinds of identities, urban Indigenous identity has been described as ‘fluid’ or ‘ambiguous’. The relationship between these identities has not been much examined. This paper explores the ambiguous and dynamic nature of Aboriginal identity in southwestern Sydney. Even though they are not related, Aboriginal people can usually recognize each other as ‘Aboriginal’ through certain cultural mores and traits. However, there are some who, although claiming to be Aboriginal, who do not share these cultural mores and traits. Their presence gives rise to tension and conflict revolving around the concept of Aboriginality. Through an ethnographical examination of the process of accommodating nonrelated Aboriginal people, this paper reveals how different kinds of identities are related to each other in urban situations.

Managing the Polyphonic Sounds of Organizational Truths

This paper argues that polyphony is built on the transaction between voices and experiential truths, where voice and experience constitute each other. From this perspective voice is associated with the plural, transformational character of moment-to-moment experience. This view differs from the prevalent appropriation of polyphony where voice expresses a relatively stable identity (e.g. Hazen 1993) such that many voices (polyphony) may be reduced to many identities. The experiential understanding of polyphony is examined through close inspection of Bakhtin's contextualization of polyphony in carnival, a reading of his work that is largely missing from the organizational literature. This reading is further developed in the context of talk about teamwork in a large healthcare organization. Analysis of this talk reveals three different types of discursive truths that create different kinds of identities and different kinds of possibilities for organizational change: the public, teleological truths of epic discourse; the intimate truths of confession and irony; and the contested truths of the argument and what Bakhtin (1984) calls the microdialogue (or inner conversations with ourselves).

Sticky Priors: The Perseverance of Identity Effects on Judgment

This research examines the perseverance of identity-based judgments by exploring the effectiveness of various corrective procedures that are intended to neutralize identity effects on judgment. The authors explore these effects in a series of studies that involve different kinds of identities (e.g., parent, teenager, businessperson, environmentalist) linked to different objects and issues (e.g., Internet censorship, pollution credits, electronic books). Moreover, they test the effectiveness of various corrective procedures, including feature-based analysis, counterfactual reasoning, counteridentification, and social influence. The authors find that identity-driven thinking leads to judgment that resists change, that is, a procedural bias or “sticky prior” in favor of an initial identity-based judgment. The findings attest to both the power of identity and the efficacy of analytic and nonanalytic corrective techniques.

From International Community to International Organisation?

Since 1965, when it decided to create a Secretariat, the Commonwealth has increasingly been seen as a formal international organisation, rather than the informal family or community of like-minded states that characterised its earlier self-identification. Notwithstanding very modest assumptions about what its role should be, the Secretariat itself has done much to encourage this tendency. Yet, given its lack of both a constitution and very clear functions, there is still room to question what kind of IGO the Commonwealth is and whether it can find a distinctive niche in the ever-expanding universe of IGOs. At different times since 1965 the Commonwealth has assumed five different kinds of identities. It is argued here that a combination of three of these, together with what remains of its community traditions, could provide it with a valuable, if limited, role in an era of globalisation.

Slovenes in Hungary and Hungarians in Slovenia: Ethnic and state identity

Abstract Between 1984 and 1986, the Ethnic Study Group of the Gorky Library in Budapest and the Institute for Ethnic Studies in Ljubljana carried out a joint, complex sociological research project in the Slovene‐inhabited Southwestern areas of Hungary and the Northern border zone of Slovenia inhabited by Hungarians (Magyars). This article, based on the findings of this research, discusses the various dimensions and levels of the collective identity of these two communities living alongside the Hungarian‐Yugoslav border. The author concentrates on the dual ethnic and civic affiliation of the two minorities in the field of language use, ethno‐cultural traditions, habits of radio‐listening and TV‐viewing, personal contacts inside and outside the group, etc. He draws the conclusion that assimilation and segregation are not necessarily mutually exclusive, nor the only options open to minorities. The group's different kinds of identities are not always conflicting; they can be complementary, or even mutually re...