Different Kinds Of Glass Research Articles

Research on Composition Analysis Identification and Protection of Ancient Glass Products based on FCM

After flowing into China along the Silk Road, glass has been circulating in the local territory for thousands of years. In the process of smelting, craftsmen of successive dynasties added different cosolvents, and the composition structure has its own characteristics. By studying the composition and material changes of ancient glass relics, it can provide theoretical support for archeologists to analyze the background of glass unearthed relics, which is of great research value.In this paper, the composition identification and analysis of ancient glass components were taken as the research objective, and different kinds of glass were divided according to different chemical compositions and organizational structures. Influencing factors and countermeasures of glass cultural relics weathering over the years; Further study on the protection of Chinese glass relics. Using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, FCM fuzzy clustering and other methods to analyze the above problems, and draw a conclusion.The innovation of this paper is to pretreat the ancient glass conditions and quantize the features to show the visual diagram; A variety of clustering models are established to ensure the accuracy of the conclusions. Considering the research problem in combination with the actual situation, the sub-classification situation has more practical reference value: both error analysis and sensitivity analysis are taken into account to ensure the reliability of the research.

Glass classification and identification based on multiple clustering model

Ancient glass is extremely susceptible to weathering by the influence of the buried environment, resulting in a change in the proportion of glass components. In order to classify different kinds of glass, this paper uses k-means++ clustering method to analyze the classification law, and summarizes the major and minor chemical composition data of the cluster center, so as to establish a glass classification model. In order to identify unknown types of glass, this paper mixes the data of eight groups of unknown types of glass into the known data, outputs the types of eight groups of glass through cluster analysis, calculates the center distance of the lead barium glass group to the subclass of the type in these eight groups, and then divides the subclass, and at the same time divides the subclass of the high potassium glass in the eight groups.

Mechanical behavior of YSZ-glass composite seals for solid oxide fuel cell application

The long-term operation of solid oxide fuel cell stack critically depends on the joint strength between cells and interconnect alloy. In this work, 20 wt% YSZ (Y 2 O 3 stabilized ZrO 2 ) was added into different kinds of glass to form H1-20 and H4-20 composite seals. It was focused on the mechanical behavior between YSZ-glass composite seals and Fe–16Cr alloy under various thermal cycles by shear force testing and tensile force testing. The shear strength and the tensile strength between H4-20 seals and Fe–16Cr alloy were higher than that of H1-20. Two composite seals differed in characteristic temperature, viscosity, and crystalline phase with possible impacts on the joint strength. The interfacial composition between H1-20 and Fe–16Cr alloy was different from that of H4-20. Based on examination results, four possible fracture modes were proposed to illustrate the failure mechanism between composite seals and alloy.

The use of industrial waste and cullet for building foam glass

There is a huge raw material base for the production of foam glass. The aim of the work was to develop a technology for producing foam glass from cullet and industrial waste. Glass makes about 5% of municipal waste. Calcium carbonate which is the waste of ANP fertilizer production can be used as a foaming agent. The research task was to obtain effective heat-insulating and structural and heat insulating material with the corresponding physical and mechanical characteristics for low-rise and high-rise construction. The analysis of existing approaches to the production of foam glass was carried out in the course of the work, laboratory study of various mixtures composition was held and optimal mixtures of cullet and a foaming agent were proposed. Experiments showed that the density of foam glass made from different kinds of glass differs by up to 15%, which makes it possible to dispense with the expensive operation of sorting cullet.

Spherical2+pSpin-Glass Model: An Exactly Solvable Model for Glass to Spin-Glass Transition

We present the full phase diagram of the spherical 2 + p spin-glass model with p > or = 4. The main outcome is the presence of a phase with both properties of full replica symmetry breaking phases of discrete models, e.g., the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, and those of one replica symmetry breaking. This phase has a finite complexity which leads to different dynamic and static properties. The phase diagram is rich enough to allow the study of different kinds of glass to spin glass and spin glass to spin glass phase transitions.

Optimized metrology for laser-damage measurement: application to multiparameter study.

An automatic test apparatus for refined testing of laser damage is presented that permits an in situ analysis of the tested area before, during, and after pulsed irradiation. Spatial and temporal beam profiling are performed in real time and give access to the localized fluence for each shot. Furthermore, an optimization of the initiation of damage detection is undertaken by use of image processing and yields a resolution better than 1 microm. Through several examples, these conditions are demonstrated to be useful for reaching an understanding of the laser-damage process. A complete study is undertaken of different kinds of glass that permits the main influence of test parameters (shot frequency, shot number, beam profile variation, temporal and spatial meshing, ...) on the damage procees to be shown. The study was made for different test procedures (1:1, S:1, R:1) and completed by atomic-force microscope analysis. Evidence indicates that the upgrading of metrology associated with an automatic process offers new opportunities for understanding laser-induced damage mechanisms and for emphasizing specific effects such as damage initiation, damage growth, and conditioning for repetitive shots.

Voltammetric Measurement of [Cu(II)]/[Cu(I)] at a Platinum Rotating Disc Electrode and Control by Electrolysis at a Platinum Net Electrode in Chloride Solutions

ABSTRACT A method has been described to measure and control the [Cu(II)]/[Cu(I)] bulk concentration ratio in aqueous chloride solutions. A variation of the ratio is achieved by controlled potential electrolysis at appropriate reducing or oxidizing potentials. The concentration ratio can be monitored by a repetitive double potential step amperometric method at a platinum rotating disc electrode. The amperometric signal can be used to control the electrolytic process in order to obtain and maintain a predetermined bulk concentration ratio. Diffusion coefficients of respectively 6.2 10−6 and 5.6 10−6 cm2 s−1 have been determined for Cu(II) and Cu(I). Potential applications of the method are the control of polymerisation reactions, of the reduction of textile dyes with the aid of a mediator system and of the colour characteristics of different kinds of glass.

Conservation of Glass

Includes a complete chemical examination of the causes of the deterioration of glass, discusses the possibilities of damage by conservation techniques that have not been fully tested, and provides the theoretical background and the practical procedures used in conserving different kinds of glass. Contents: introduction; the nature of glass; historical development of glass; technology of glass production: methods and materials; furnaces and melting techniques; deterioration of glass; materials used for glass conservation; technical examination of glass; conservation of glass; archaeological and decorative glass, painted window glass; sources of information. -- AATA

Residual stresses in optical fiber preforms

AbstractThe optical fiber consisting mainly of quartz glass comprises a number of different kinds of glass having different constituents. Therefore, as is widely known, there are residual stresses left in the optical fiber preforms and the fiber itself which are caused by the difference of thermal expansion coefficients. To clarify the effect of the residual stress on the optical performances of the optical fiber, a measurement was carried out on the residual stresses of the optical fiber preforms and the fiber in a vertical plane normal to the longitudinal axis by means of optoelastic effect. Then the variation due to different thermal hysteresis and dimensions, influence of GeO2 addition concentration in the core and the effect of different refractive index were studied. As a result, it was revealed that the thermal hysteresis during drawing almost did not influence the residual stress distribution. The residual stress increased depending on the increase of additive concentration and its tendency agreed well qualitatively with a theoretical forecast. The residual stresses had such an influence on the refraction index decrease that with respect to the quadratic distribution of 1% relative refractive index difference between core and clad, the refractive index decreased by approximately 3.9 × 10‐4, Also, it was made obvious that the effect of residual stresses could not be disregarded for more precise refractive index control.

Studies on polynucleotides, XLIX. Stimulation of the binding of aminoacyl-sRNA's to ribosomes by ribotrinucleotides and a survey of codon assignments for 20 amino acids.

coverslip. When KB cells were grown on these composite coverslips and treated with directin, the orientation of the cells followed the longitudinal direction of the coverslip in a zigzag fasion. Experiments with different kinds of glass and other substrates are now in progress. Summary.-We have found an agent in extracts derived from human urine which can be identified by its induction of directional growth of malignant cells in a defined in vitro system. The extract sensitizes malignant cells to submicroscopic, directional clues in their environment. Nine cell lines have been examined so far, four malignant and five normal ones. The normal cell lines studied did not respond to directin.

A Follow-up Study of 172 Peripheral Nerve Injuries in the Upper Extremity in Civilians

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Relaxation spectrum of glass.

RELAXATION spectra for different kinds of glass, all containing sodium and potassium as common constituents, have been obtained from lateral vibrations over a frequency-range from 5 to 1,500 c./s. It has been found that, in addition to relaxation by thermo-elastic currents, the internal friction at room temperature (26° C.) shows two other common peaks independent of the diameter, one at 50 c./s. and the other at 500 c./s. Evidence for the peak at 50 c./s. has already been given by one of us1.

Papers read to the Society, June 21, 1900

I. “On the Effect of Changes of Temperature on the Elasticities and Internal Viscosity of Metal Wires.” By Professor A. Gray, F. R. S., V. J. Blyth, and J. S. Dunlop. II. "On the Connection between the Electrical Properties and the Chemical Composition of Different Kinds of Glass. Part II.” By Professor A. Gray, F. R. S., and Professor J. J. Dobbie. III. “On the Change of Resistance in Iron produced by Magnetisation.” By Professor A. Gray, F. R. S., and Professor E. T. Jones. IV. “Underground Temperature at Oxford in the Year 1899, as determined by Five Platinum Resistance Thermometers.” By Dr. A. A. Rambaut. Communicated by E. H. Griffiths, F R. S. V. "On the Kinetic Accumulation of Stress, illustrated by the Theory of Impulsive Torsion.” By Professor K. Pearson, F. R. S. VI. “Lines of Induction in a Magnetic Field.” By Professor Hele-Shaw, F. R. S., and A. Hay. VII. “On the Spectroscopic Examination of Colour produced by Simultaneous Contrast.” By G. J. Burch, M.A. Communicated by Professor Gotch, F. R. S. VIII. “An Experimental Investigation into the Flow of Marble.” By Dr. F. D. Adams and Dr. J. T. Nicolson. Communicated by Professor Callendar, F. R. S. IX. “A Criticism of the Young-Helmholtz Theory of Colour Perception.” By Dr. F. W. Edridge-Green. Communicated by Sir Lauder Brunton, F. R. S. X. “On the Viscosity of Gases as affected by Temperature.” By Lord Rayleigh, F. R. S. XI. “On the Thermodynamical Properties of Gases and Vapours as deduced from a Modified Form of the Joule-Thomson Equation, with Special Reference to the Properties of Steam.” By Professor H. L. Callendar, F. R. S. XII. “Note on Inquiries as to the Escape of Gases from Atmospheres.” By Dr. G. Johnstone Stoney, F. R. S. XIII. “The Distribution of Molecular Energy.” By J. H. Jeans, B.A. Communicated by Professor J. J. Thomson, F. R. S. XIV. “Energy of Rontgen and Becquerel Rays, and the Energy required to produce an Ion in Gases.” By Professor E. Rutherford and R. K. McClung. Communicated by Professor J. J. Thomson, F. R. S. XV. “On the Capacity for Heat of Water between the Freezing and Boiling Points, together with a Determination of the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat in Terms of the International Electrical Units.” By Dr. H. T. Barnes. Communicated by Professor Callendar, F. R. S. XVI. “On Expressed Yeast-cell Plasma (Buchner’s Zymase )." By Dr. A. Macfadyen, Dr. G. H. Morris, and S. Rowland. Communicated by Sir H. E. Roscoe, F. R. S.

On the connection between the electrical properties and the chemical composition of different kinds of glass. Part II

In a former paper we described experiments on the electrical qualities of specimens of glass of which the chemical composition was determined by analysis. Results were given for a lead-potash glass made by Messrs. Powell and Sons, of London, a lead-potash glass made by Messrs. Schott and Co., of Jena, a barium glass, and a zinc-soda glass (“Jena glass”), both made by Messrs. Schott and Co. These specimens are referred to in the paper by the numbers XXI- XXIV.

On the connection between the electrical properties and the chemical composition of different kinds of glass

The experiments and results described in the following paper are a first instalment of work we have undertaken with a view to finally determining if possible, the circumstances which affect the conductivity and specific inductive capacity of glass.

Papers read to the Society, February 17, 1898

I. “On the Connection between the Electrical Properties and the Chemical Composition of different kinds of Glass.” By Professor Andrew Gray, LL.D., F. R. S., and Professor J. J. Bobbie, M.A., D.Sc. II. “On the Magnetic Deformation of Nickel.” By E. Taylor Jones, D.Sc. Communicated by Professor Andrew Gray, F. R. S. III. “Upon the Structure and Development of the Enamel of Elasmobranch Fishes.” By Charles S. Tomes, M.A., F. R. S. V. “On artificial temporary Colour-blindness, with an Examination of the Colour Sensations of 109 Persons.” By George J. Burch, M.A. Communicated by Professor Gotch, F. R. S. V. “Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Evolution. On the Inheritance of the Cephalic Index.” By Cicely Fawcett and Karl Pearson, F. R. S.

VII. Preliminary results of an investigation on the electric conductivity of glass at different temperatures

A quadrant electrometer now in use in the laboratory seems to retain its whole charge from day to day; a week’s loss is just perceptible, and may be supplied by a few turns of the replenisher. In a guard-ring electrometer now in use the charge is almost wholly retained from week to week. These qualities are due to the exceptionally great insulation-resistance of the glass employed. At various times experiments have been made in the laboratory at Glasgow to determine the insulation-resistance of different kinds of glass. Of the specimens hitherto examined, those of flint glass have insulated best; and it is hoped that experiments on flint glass now being proceeded with will define the most suitable glass for use in electrometers and other electrical instruments.

On the optical properties developed in different kinds of glass by the passage of an electric discharge

On the optical properties developed in different kinds of glass by the passage of an electric discharge

IV. A letter from the Rev. Nevil Maskelyne, A. M. Fellow of Trinity College, in the University of Cambridge, and F. R. S. to the Rev. Dr. Birch, Secretary to the Royal Society; containing a theorem of the aberration of the rays of light refracted through a lens, on account of the imperfection of the spherical figure

Reverend Sir, About two years ago, becoming acquainted with Mr. Dollond's curious discovery in optics, of correcting the aberration of the rays of light arising from the different refrangibility of the different sorts of rays, by a combination of two different kinds of glass; and learning from him, in conversation, that he had invented a theorem, shewing the quantity of the aberration of the rays refracted through a lens, on account of the imperfection of the spherical figure; by the application of which, he was able to make the aberrations of the combined concave and convex object lenses perfectly equal to, and consequently to correct one another.