Different Kinds Of Management Research Articles

Estimates of Domestic Cats in Urban Areas Using Interdisciplinary Science: The Washington D.C. Cat Count

Abstract Accurate information about the number of cats living outdoors and how they respond to different kinds of management are necessary to quell debates about outdoor cat policy. The DC Cat Count will develop the tools and methodologies needed to realize this possibility and make them available for broader use. This three-year initiative represents a major collaboration between animal welfare organizations and wildlife scientists. Its unique and innovative approach is to use the best scientific methods to quantify all subpopulations of cats in the District of Columbia (outdoor, owned, and shelter cats), concurrently test and optimize simpler methods that can be used to measure cat populations by diverse users at scale, and identify the types of interventions that are likely to accomplish desired outcomes most efficiently. Ultimately, we believe that this approach is more likely to improve outcomes for both cats and wildlife than a continuation of the status quo.

Kounis Syndrome: Case Report, Pathophysiology and Management

Kounis syndrome is an acute coronary syndrome occurring in a context of anaphylaxis, it still an underdiagnosed syndrome. The prognosis of Kounis syndrome remains better than a conventional acute coronary syndrome, we describe 3types of Kounis syndrome with different kind of management, however further management guidelines are still needed to avoid misdiagnose or make the prognosis worse. We report a case of 24 years old Kounis syndrome after a sting of bee, its management in our ED.

Current Practice for the Management of Blunt Abdominal Trauma in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Study

Aim: To assess the different kinds of management provided to patients with Blunt Abdominal Trauma (BAT) in the surgical department of a tertiary care hospital. Study design: prospective study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from March 2021 to March 2022 Methodology: The present study includes 115 patients who presented with blunt abdomen trauma (BAT). The data was collected with the pre-designed questionnaire. Data were collected prospectively from all patients admitted to the hospital with abdominal trauma. The trauma was treated using ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) techniques. Laboratory and imaging investigations were performed to diagnose and manage the patients. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were presented in mean, SD/median, frequency, and percentage. Results: During the investigation, 115 BAT patients were examined. The average age of the patients was 33.7 ± 7.2 years. Males (n=94, 81.7%) and symptomatic cases (n=108, 94%) made up the majority of the injured patients. More than half of the patients (n=73, 63.5%) had abdominal tenderness when they arrived. The majority of the patients had X-rays (n=87, 75.6%) ultrasound (n=75, 65.2%), lab investigation (n=83, 72.1%) and abdominal CT scan (n=35, 30.4%). Only a few patients died (n=17, 14.8%). Patients were treated conservatively in 83% of cases, while surgical treatments were used in 17% of cases. Conclusion: Non-operative therapy has become the gold standard for critically stable patients with traumatic injuries. Although non-operative management has a higher risk of failure in patients with multiple solid organ injuries, it should still be used with caution in most critically stable persons who do not have peritoneal symptoms. Keywords: Accident, Blunt Abdominal Trauma (BAT), Non-operative management, vitally stable.

A hierarchical approach for accelerating IoT data management process based on SDN principles

The human life is changing drastically due to a popular emerging technology called Internet of things (IoT). The growth in the number of devices connecting to IoT networks results in large volumes of data collected or generated by these devices. Since IoT data is different from other types of data in terms of diversity and rapid growth and due to the huge amount of the generated data, the complexity in management and load balancing issues in IoT networks, there is a need for innovative ideas in IoT design and management. Software Defined Networking (SDN) as a promising paradigm separates the control functions from physical devices and places them inside a logically centralized control plane. SDN propounds the concept of programmable networks and due to its unique capabilities, seems to be very useful in reducing the management complexities of a dynamic network like IoT. In this paper, a hierarchical SDN-based approach is proposed for accelerating the data management and balancing the load not only between the IoT devices of a single domain, but also between different network clusters. The proposed framework prevents the controller from becoming a single point of failure and makes it possible to apply different kinds of management and load balancing strategies in a hierarchical and multistep scenario. According to the experimental results, our scheme exhibits a reduction in the average turnaround time and the average waiting time and improves the processing performance. Furthermore, the proposed approach distributes tasks evenly throughout the network and improves the use of network resources.

A Hierarchical Approach for Accelerating IoT Data Management Process Based on SDN Principles

Internet of things is a new technology that connects billions of smart devices through the Internet. This important technology is heavily affecting different aspects of human life and plays an important role in variety of domains. The number of smart devices connecting to IoT and the amount of data gathered or produced by these devices are increasing. This large volume of data requires a lot of effort for processing and analysis. In order to organize, secure and balance the load in IoT, the novel and creative ideas for IoT design and management are required. Software Defined Networking is a new and promising paradigm and its main idea is to decouple the control and management operations from physical devices and setting them inside a logically centralized control layer. Due to its unique capabilities, SDN can be a good choice for managing dynamic and complicated networks such as IoT. In this paper, a distributed approach is proposed for accelerating data management and balancing the load between IoT devices. The proposed framework makes it possible to apply different kinds of management, security and load balancing strategies using a distributed control plane. Experimental results indicate that our scheme exhibits a reduction in the average turnaround time and the average waiting time and it will improve the processing performance. The proposed approach will also distribute tasks between devices, so that there will be no under-loaded device when a part of network is under the processing pressure.

How different management regimes of chestnut forests affect diversity and abundance of moth communities?

Chestnut forests were exploited from centuries for several uses and are still nowadays managed under coppice and orchard regimes. The different management practices created a typical mosaic-like structure in landscapes in which alternate different kind of habitat represented by young and mature coppices, old thinned coppices with the physiognomy of high forest, and managed or abandoned orchards. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the different kind of management could affect the hosted biodiversity. We used nocturnal Lepidoptera as indicators, sampled in different woodlots along an altitudinal gradient in the chestnut forests of the Catena Costiera Mountains, southern Italy. We analyzed a published dataset concerning 15 stands subjected to different management regimes. We found that the main variables affecting moth communities distribution were (i) the elevation at which the stands were located and (ii) the time elapsed from the last human intervention. In fact, the stands subjected to recent intervention (young coppices and managed orchards) showed low values of moth richness and abundance, on the contrary the stands subjected to old interventions (mature and old coppices and abandoned orchards) registered a high number of species and individuals, mainly due to their greater structural complexity. Despite the quantitative differences, in woodlots recently managed were collected exclusive species that increased the diversity at a landscape level. Our results underlined the importance to maintain a mosaic-like landscape taking into account also the altitude when interventions are planned in order to improve the ecological sustainability of chestnut forest exploitation.

The emergence of Agile people management

Purpose As senior executives increasingly explore Agile management in their operations they are discovering that their practices in managing people also require transformation. Design/methodology/approach The article, with an attached case, explores how some leading companies are radically changing their HR practices to prioritize fostering talent that adds customer value and champion the work experience of their talent. The article explains why transformation will involve, not merely HR process improvements, but a fundamentally different kind of management. It offers a case to illustrate new approaches. Findings At a time when talent is in such high demand, you must allow—and even encourage—people to have their say if you hope to attract the very best in your field. So, the successful deployment of talent is now largely a matter of creating an environment where the interests, ambitions and innovations of people constantly shape the strategy and future of the company. Practical implications Instead of strategy gurus telling talent what to do, now talent needs to play a central role in strategy formulation. Imagine a company divided into some two hundred customer-facing units, each with its own pay scale and work methods, each so talent-driven that employees are given the right to fire their unit leader? Originality/value The shift from a strategy-led company to a talent-first company requires fundamental changes in the way CEOs understand the very concept of management—it’s the beginning of a new age.

Fenología y producción de frutos de plantaciones de siricote (Cordia dodecandra A. DC.) bajo tres tipos de manejo en Xmatkuil, Yucatán, México

Phenology of a species allows us to understand and predict flowering and fructification times useful in the management of deciduous tropical trees. This study was performed in three plantations (P1, P2 and P3) of Cordia dodecandra with different kind of management (P1, pruning, irrigation, weeding; P2, weeding; P3, without management), established in 2002 at Xmatkuil , Yucatan . The evaluation covered the period of September (2011)-August (2012). The phenology was determinated once a month using Fournier method. Production was assessed by harvesting and counting all fruit of all trees from each orchard and fruit quality was weighed and measured the length and width of a sample (n = 20) and obtained the moisture content of the same putting them in a dryer at 60°C. Results showed that P1 presented 100% leaves in September 2011, and during the period November 2011- August 2012. The percentage of leaves decreased to 25% only in the month of October 2011. P2 y P3 lost all their leaves during the period December-March. Regarding flowering, P1 presented flowers in percentage of 25% most of the year except for the months of June and July when the presence of any floral structure was recorded. The peak was observed in March. The other two plantations, P2 and P3, bloomed during the dry season (December to May). P2 presented a peak in February and P3 in March. Fructification in P1 showed in the months of October, November and January but the maximum production was in May, P2 in the months of January to June, showing a peak in March and P3 from February to May with a maximum in the month of May. The highest production and fruit quality was recorded in P1.

Boeing's offshoring woes: seven lessons every CEO must learn

PurposeThe author's research using published internal reports and news reports suggests that some of Boeing problems with its innovative 787 Dreamliner aircraft are symptoms of a deeper calamity that has been causing US industry to waste away for decades: flawed offshoring decisions by the C‐suite. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper defines seven lessons about the risks of outsourcing that executives need to learn from observing the problems Boeing is having with the 787 plane.FindingsThe paper finds that in analyzing offshoring, firms must get beyond rudimentary cost calculations focused on short‐term profit and consider the total cost and risk of extended international supply chains.Practical implicationsIn contrast to Boeing's practices, what Apple has done has worked amazingly well, because they have the capability to do the perfect prototype in the USA, before it gets offshored to Foxconn.Originality/valueIn addition to highlighting the risk of attempting to offshore technological innovation, the paper offers a vision for the future. Success in this new world of manufacturing will require a radically different kind of management. It will require a different goal (adding value for customers), a different role for managers (enabling self‐organizing teams), a different way of coordinating work (dynamic linking), different values (continuous improvement and radical transparency) and different communications (horizontal conversations).

Favorable Outcome of Secondary Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer Patients with Axillary Nodal Relapse

Little evidence can be found about the long-term outcome of breast cancer patients after axillary lymph node recurrence (ALNR) and its survival benefit after different kinds of management. The present study intends to evaluate the risk factors associated with axillary recurrence after definite surgery for primary breast cancer. The prognosis after ALNR and particularly outcome of different management methods also were studied. We retrospectively reviewed data from 4,473 patients who were diagnosed with primary breast cancer and received surgical intervention in a single institute from January 1990 to December 2002. Medical files were reviewed and data on survival were updated annually. Risk factors and prognosis of patients with axillary recurrence were analyzed. Breast-cancer-specific survival of patients with ALNR and outcomes after different management methods also were studied. After a median follow-up of 70.2months, axillary recurrence developed in 0.8% of patients. Factors associated with ALNR included: age younger than 40years, medial tumor location, no initial standard level I & II axillary dissection, and not receiving hormonal therapy. The 5-year breast-cancer-specific survival after ALNR was 57.9%. For patients who received further axillary dissection, the 5-year survival rate was 82.5% compared with 44.9% for patients who did not receive further dissection. ALNR is a rare event in treating breast cancer. Young age at diagnosis and medially located tumor are associated with higher risk, but standardized initial axillary dissection to level II and adjuvant hormonal therapy is protective against ALNR. In patients with ALNR, the outcome is not dismal and survival may be improved if further axillary dissection is given.

Agricultural systems in the tropical forest: A critique framed by tree crops of Papua New Guinea

Tree crops are a very important part of the agricultural systems of the Pacific and elsewhere in the tropics, but are poorly accommodated in the usual frameworks within which the status, origins and development of food production are discussed.These frameworks reflect classifications in which deeply embedded and problematic assumptions about nature, culture and production are represented in confused terminological distinctions, forcing subtle and complex local practices into overly simplistic dichotomies. Key concepts, notably domestication, further constrain ideas about past and present subsistence.Rethinking these conceptual frameworks with examples drawn from tree crops, this paper suggests more productive approaches to the complexities of tropical forest-based agricultural systems. These approaches include a shift of analytical frame from the characteristics of individual crops to agrodiversity and the linkages among different categories of crops and different kinds of management; a reconsideration of domestication and how human selection operates on tree and tree-like crops; and a discussion of the significance of the genetic diversity of landraces characteristic of traditional agricultural systems.This critique aims to clarify understanding of the origins and development of agroecosystems by considering a broader range of crop types and practices than is usual, and by emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary, multifocal research.

A questionnaire survey on helminth control on horse farms in Brandenburg, Germany and the assessment of risks caused by different kinds of management

Control strategies for horse helminths are controversially discussed, and no ideal strategy exists. Presently, the spreading of anthelmintic resistance against all three classes of anthelmintics is of special concern. Advice on how to slow the development of anthelmintic resistance does not seem to have reached the majority of horse owners yet. In our study, we wanted to capture the current standard of helminth control and to analyse the effectiveness of these control strategies. Seven hundred horse farms in Brandenburg, Germany were sent a questionnaire in June/July 2006 asking various questions on farm structure and practices of helminth control. Two hundred thirty-five farms (33.6%) with 6,007 horses in total returned the questionnaire. The number of horses held on each farm varied from 1 to 320. From those returned questionnaires, a random sample of 126 horse farms and 1,407 horses was selected for faecal examination from August to December 2006. The questionnaire results from these farms were correlated with results from the faecal examination to perform risk analysis via multivariate regression. For each farm, results from faecal examination were summarized in index values. Risk was defined as an over-average level of strongyle egg shedding. Risk factors as established by multivariate regression analyses were integrated into three models. Rare deworming and infrequent cleaning of stables were identified as significant risk factors throughout all three models. Additional risk factors could be identified with respect to individual models: elevated percentage of young horses on a farm, not using macrocyclic lactones in the deworming process and dosing anthelmintics on the basis of weight and height. Pasture hygiene did not lead to significant risk reduction, indicating that such measures are inadequately performed on many farms. The questionnaire on its own gave us an insight into control strategies throughout a representative scope of farms in Brandenburg, Germany: faeces were collected from pasture on 22% of horse farms, 79% cleaned out the stables daily. A number of other measures were employed. With respect to anthelmintic use, 21% of the farms stated to use results from faecal examination as a criterion for deworming. We could also identify the most common deworming frequencies, with adult horses being dewormed two times a year (46% of farms) and foals being dewormed four times a year (35% of farms). The frequency ranged from 1 to 7 and 2 to 12 times, respectively.

Osteoid osteoma of the first 2 cervical vertebrae

Osteoid osteoma affects the spine in only 10% of cases. More than 50% of the spinal cases involve the lumbar and cervical vertebrae. Involvement of C-1 and C-2 vertebrae has previously been reported only very rarely in the published literature. The authors report 4 cases of upper cervical osteoid osteoma, 1 involving C-1 and the other 3 C-2, and they discuss different aspects of management in similar cases. The patients were 14, 17, 35, and 46 years old, and all presented with neck pain and various degrees of painful limitation of head rotation not ameliorated by ordinary analgesics. Radionuclide isotope bone scans, CT scanning, and MR imaging were helpful preoperative diagnostic modalities. The first attempt at eradication of the lesions failed in 2 cases and the lesions could be excised totally at a second approach. Postoperatively, the patients all became pain free and gained full range of neck motion. There has been no tumor recurrence and no sign of instability in short- to medium-term follow-up. Among the several etiologies mentioned for neck pain and torticollis, osteoid osteoma of the first 2 cervical vertebrae should be considered as a possible but rare cause. Even though different kinds of management have been mentioned for osteoid osteoma, resection of the lesion remains the best option for achieving a cure.

Grassland ecology in changing climate and land use

This brief overview decribes some structural and functional (including carbon cycling) aspects of grassland ecosystems, in particular with regard to the effects of global climate change and changes in land use. Afterward the papers briefly introduce the papers devoted to the above mentioned topics, which were selected for this special volume. As we can see, authors studied different kinds of management (including abandonment) and different parameters of climate change (CO 2 , temperature, rainfall, etc.). They consider predominately vegetation parameters, including the various plant traits, carbon cycling, soil respiration and different ecophysiological traits in simulated climate change. Dealing with different impacts of climate and/or land-use changes on multi-species systems, that grassland communities certainly are, is exceeding merely experimental synthesized-community or single-species approach on one side and classical vegetation studies on the other. The complex responses of natural communities, i...

Seasonal abundance and distribution among habitats of small rodents on poultry farms. A contribution for their control*

Small rodent communities and their distribution among habitats (sheds, perimeters and interphases) were seasonally sampled over 2 years on 30 poultry farms. Interphases were present when sheds were close to perimeters (in 16 of 30 farms). The exotic Mus musculus and four sylvan species: Calomys laucha, Akodon azarae, Oligoryzomys flavescens and Calomys musculinus were captured. Mus musculus was more abundant in sheds and A. azarae in interphases and perimeters. The other species did not differ among habitats. Mus musculus abundance did not vary through the year, whereas the abundance of the other species was greater in autumn – winter. Sheds of farms with interphases were more probably infested with sylvan species than sheds of farms without interphases. Different kinds of management are needed to control both groups of species: not building sheds close to perimeters or keeping vegetation low in interphases for sylvan species, and periodical control in sheds and on chicken food for M. musculus.

Kooperation zwischen Betriebsrat und Management / Cooperation between Works Council and Management

Summary There are different kinds of works councils. They can be cooperative or antagonistic for example. There are also different kinds of management. The managers can be friendly or unfriendly to the workers and the works council representing them. Here the mutual relationship between works council and management is analysed. To this end two data sets are connected, the NIFA-Panel with information about mechanical engineering plants in Germany given by the management and the Bochumer survey of works councils in some of these plants. A new typology of the relationship between the works council and the managers of a firm is derived from these combined data. The effects of a positive, neutral or negative relationship on different turnover rates, product innovations and earnings of the firms are empirically analysed. The results are in accordance with prior studies using only separated data for works councils or management. Concretely, turnover and earnings are mostly lower and innovations more probable as long as any kind of works council exists. The kind of relationship influences the magnitudes of these effects and their statistical significance. A positive relationship reduces the departure rate most of all, a negative relationship has the strongest effect on innovations and, unexpectedly, an inconsistent relationship is best for earnings.

How the Pursuit of ROMI Is Changing Marketing Management

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Although managers have been aware of the significance of Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI) for over a decade, they have been slow to leverage their ability to maximize their ROMI. The purpose of this article is to sketch a framework for optimizing a corporation9s ROMI and to highlight the indispensability of ROMI to marketing management. The article suggests a framework to accelerate the adoption of ROMI, and a plan to carry out a pilot ROMI project. The benefits of ROMI are discussed, and barriers to ROMI listed. The authors conclude that ROMI management is a different kind of management.

Ecotypic variation of Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne (Scrophulariaceae) in relation to grassland management

Summary Samples from 42 populations of the annual, hemiparasitic species Euphrasia rostkoviana were collected from nine grassland habitats with different kinds of management. Eleven quantitative characters and the presence or absence of glandular hairs were scored for each plant and six indices were calculated. Populations were mostly polymorphic having plants with or without glandular hairs. The adaptive value of glandular hairs in this situation appeared to be that they protect from water loss. Therefore, the delimitation of E. picta from E. rostkoviana was not possible. Seven ecotypic variants with clear differences in stem length, length and number of cauline internodes, and length and number of branches were delimited. There was evidence of abrupt local differentiation in habit characters between populations of closely adjacent populations from different grassland habitats. A comparison of samples collected over a transect from a mountain pasture and a closely adjacent wet meadow showed intermediate variation of samples from a wet meadow near the ecotone suggesting gene flow might be also important over short distances. There were close relationships between this variation in habit characters and the management regimes of the grasslands. The clinal variation in number of internodes and number of branches appeared to be strongly correlated to a cline in flowering time. An adaptive value of ilie variation in each habit characters was postulated. Grazing and moving as well as competition for light seemed to be ilie major factors for the origin of the close, habitat-correlated variation in the seven ecotypic variants. Therefore, the ecotypic variants of E. rostkoviana confirm the earlier hypothesis of a man-made evolution of parallel ecotypes in many species in different genera of the hemiparasitic Scrophulariaceae. The ecotypic variants were not classified as different infraspecific taxa but were assigned to three earlier delimited subspecies of E. rostkoviana .

Managing an entrepreneurial organizational environment: A discriminant analysis of organizational and individual differences between autonomous unit managers and department managers

Managing an entrepreneurial focus in large, established organizational environments requires innovative finesse in concert with traditional activities. Evidence was generated to determine: (1) what kinds of reward and structural arrangements might differentially influence the performance of different kinds of managers, and (2) what kinds of role requirements, values, and behavioral orientations might differentiate different kinds of managers for training and selection purposes. Upper middle managers in Fortune 500 manufacturing firms were surveyed where the scope of their positions appeared to include the potential for innovation or autonomous action. Manages who were heads of autonomous business units specifically geared towards innovative purposes were classified as autonomous unit managers (AUMs), whereas those who were not heads of such units were classified as departmental managers (DMs). It was hypothesized that specific kinds of formal structural options (venture groups, task forces) and informal structural options (freedom to pursue unofficial projects) as well as financial and recognition awards would more strongly influence the perceived performance of the AUM than the DM. Further, AUMs would exhibit entrepreneurial roles, values, and behavioral orientations to a greater degree than the DMs. A discriminant analysis procedure demonstrated that AUMs prefer formal structural options as outlets for innovative pursuits and financially oriented rewards. Individuals pursuing traditional roles or DMs favored recognition rewards. Goal-setting technques and the ability to conditionally commit resources are advanced as important training areas for AUMs or potential entrepreneurs.

Roles of Managers as Perceived by Business Students

Perception of the roles of managers by 77 business students in a Canadian university was studied by using Mintzberg's 10 roles. The 10 roles were put in a questionnaire and administered to the students to determine whether (1) three different kinds of managers, production, staffing and sales, will be ascribed different weights to the roles and (2) if the roles would be perceived to form the three categories, interpersonal, informational, and decisional, as suggested by Mintzberg. A minor objective was to examine whether students with business experience would perceive the roles differently than those who do not have the experience. The results show that (1) the role-questions in sentence form had high reliability as a self-report measure, (2) three roles for the three kinds of managers were shared in common, while on seven other roles the managers were perceived to be different (using χ2 and multivariate analysis of variance), (c) Mintzberg's division of the roles into three classes could not be confirmed (using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses), and (4) the students with and without management experience did not seem to differ in their role perception. The results were discussed in terms of the use of the questionnaire for further studies which should focus on psychological aspects such as intellectual competencies of managers as well as nonintellectual ones such as sense of power and self-confidence.