Different Groups Of Factors Research Articles

Հարկաբյուջետային քաղաքականության ներառականության գնահատման մեթոդաբանական մոտեցումները / Methodological approaches to assessing the inclusiveness of fiscal policy

The idea of inclusiveness of economic development has become one of the main guidelines for developers and implementers of economic policies in many countries of the world. Issues related to inclusiveness make their comprehensive study relevant and topical. Recently, much attention to the problems of ensuring the inclusiveness of economic policy is associated with globalisation and technological change. The latter have the potential to significantly improve the quality of life of households and contribute to poverty reduction in some developing countries. On the other hand, the economic and financial crises and the resulting economic and social distortions make changes in research and management approaches inevitable. Thus, quantifying the inclusiveness of fiscal policy is a necessity as it provides valuable information on the efficient allocation of a state's financial resources. On the other hand, assessing the inclusiveness of fiscal policy can serve as a benchmark in the process of fiscal policy formulation. Individual authors in their studies approach the problems from different positions, use different groups of factors under consideration, use different research methods. The purpose of the study is to interpret and summarise the methodological approaches to assessing the inclusiveness of fiscal policy discussed in professional platforms and in the literature. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the evaluation methods, acceptable approaches to assessing fiscal policy inclusiveness for the Republic of Armenia were identified.

Identification of Factors on Blood Selenium Levels in the US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and its low or high concentration in vivo is associated with the high risk of many diseases. It is important to identify influential factors of Se status. The present study aimed to explore the association between several factors (Se intake, gender, age, race, education, body mass index (BMI), income, smoking and alcohol status) and blood Se concentration using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020 data. Demographic characteristics, physical examination, health interviews and diets were compared among quartiles of blood Se concentration using the Rao-Scott χ2 test. Se levels were compared between the different groups of factors studied, measuring the strength of their association. A total of 6205 participants were finally included. The normal reference ranges of blood Se concentration were 142.3 (2.5th percentile) and 240.8 μg/L (97.5th percentile), respectively. The mean values of dietary Se intake, total Se intake and blood Se concentration of the participants were 111.5 μg/day, 122.7 μg/day and 188.7 μg/L, respectively, indicating they were in the normal range. Total Se intake was the most important contributor of blood Se concentration. Gender, race, education status, income, BMI, smoking and alcohol status were associated with blood Se concentration.

Risk factors for malignant oral mucosal lesion development (literature review). Part 2. Exogenous factors

Relevance. Cancer stands as a prominent cause of untimely mortality in young and middle-aged individuals (aged 20-64 years). The inquiry into the extent of influence exerted by external risk factors on the emergence of oral mucosal oncopathology remains pertinent. Equally crucial is understanding the intricate interplay among different groups of factors and their effects.Research objective. To determine the extent of influence exerted by various endogenous and exogenous risk factors on the development of malignant oral mucosal lesions, based on contemporary literature data, and to assess their interrelationships.Materials and methods. The research material was the analysis of literary data from bibliographic sources – Elsevier, PubMed, Elibrary, Google Academy, Medline, Cyberleninka. The study included literature sources in Russian and English. The second part of the review combines studies devoted to the study of the influence of exogenous controlled factors on the risk of developing malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa.Results. Through contemporary literature analysis, the potential and scale of influence attributed to controllable exogenous risk factors in the development of malignant oral mucosal lesions have been established. Notably, significant impact has been associated with smoking and alcohol consumption. Additionally, adverse socio-economic conditions, environmental factors, and dietary habits have been identified as contributors to an elevated cancer risk. Throughout this investigation, it became evident that literature sources frequently highlight the influence of individual factors without adequately considering potential synergies, antagonistic effects, or interactions with endogenous factors. Moreover, certain factors pivotal to the carcinogenesis of oral cavity tumors remain inadequately researched.Conclusion. To facilitate efficient primary and secondary prevention measures, it is imperative to advance and refine a multidisciplinary research methodology. This approach should aim to comprehensively identify the collective impact of diverse groups of risk factors on the progression of malignant oral mucosal lesions.

THE MAIN FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PRODUCTS OF ENTERPRISES OF THE FLOUR INDUSTRY

Introduction. The resource potential of agri-food production of the economy of Ukraine determines the expediency of its orientation towards the strategy of self-sufficiency in solving the problem of food security at the national level, as well as the important role of the export of agri-food products for the development of the agrarian sector. World trends associated with globalization, increasing degree of openness of economies and increasing their interdependencies lead to increased requirements for national production from the point of view of their competitiveness.
 The formation of the competitiveness of products of enterprises of the flour milling industry depends on a number of factors, which objectively complicates the process of its management. Depending on the level and scope of action, such factors are proposed to be combined into 10 groups in order to systematize the analysis of the competitiveness of enterprises in the flour milling industry: 1) resource; 2) innovative; 3) microeconomic; 4) sectoral; 5) infrastructure and logistics; 6) macroeconomic; 7) institutional and regulatory; 8) foreign trade; 9) social; 10) ecological.
 The hypothesis of the scientific research consists in the study of the influence of external and internal factors on the competitiveness of products of enterprises of the flour industry. 
 The purpose of the study is to analyze and justify the impact of factors on the competitiveness of the products of the enterprises under study.
 The methodology of scientific research is general scientific research methods, in particular: induction and deduction, comparison, expert analysis, grouping method.
 Conclusions and prospects for further research. It has been proven that competitiveness is a multi-component characteristic of products, business entity, region, industry, country, and also depends on factors of time and place, which lead to certain difficulties in its assessment. There is a close relationship between the formation of competitiveness at all its levels. Factors of competitiveness of the enterprise, industry, country will affect the competitiveness of products, which in turn affects the competitiveness of subjects at different levels. But in different groups of factors there are those that have a positive influence on the formation of competitiveness, and those that exert a negative influence.
 Keywords: European integration; innovative development; competitiveness; competitive advantages; influencing factors; products of enterprises of the flour industry.

Co-exposure to pathogens in wild ungulates from Doñana National Park, South Spain

Multiple infections or co-exposure to pathogens should be considered systematically in wildlife to better understand the ecology and evolution of host-pathogen relationships, so as to better determine the potential use of multiple pathogens as indicators to guide health management. We describe the pattern of co-exposure to several pathogens (i.e. simultaneous positive diagnosis to pathogens in an individual considering Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lesions, and the presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, bluetongue virus, and hepatitis E virus) and assessed their main drivers in the wild ungulate community from Doñana National Park (red deer, fallow deer, and wild boar) for a 13-years longitudinal study. The lower-than-expected frequency of co-exposure registered in all species was consistent with non-mutually exclusive hypotheses (e.g. antagonism or disease-related mortality), which requires further investigation. The habitat generalist species (red deer and wild boar) were exposed to a greater diversity of pathogens (frequency of co-exposure around 50%) and/or risk factors than fallow deer (25.0% ± CI95% 4.9). Positive relationships between pathogens were evidenced, which may be explained by common risk factors favouring exposure. The specific combination of pathogens in individuals was mainly driven by different groups of factors (individual, environmental, stochastic, and populational), as well as its interaction, defining a complex eco-epidemiological landscape. To deepen into the main determinants and consequences of co-infections in a complex assemblage of wild hosts, and at the interface with humans and livestock, there also is needed to expand the range of pathogens and compare diverse assemblages of hosts under different environmental and management circumstances.

Employee Engagement in Finance - Banking Organizations in Vietnam: a Meta-Case Approach

Purpose: The research objective of this article is to approach the diverse situations of commercial banks in Vietnam in examining employee engagement in order to create effective employee classes in performing tasks. This, in turn, ensures the stability in growth and creates a proud and traditional organizational culture. Theoretical framework: The study has reviewed and selected the core contents of previously published studies globally to come up with its own research framework with Employee Engagement latent variable as the center, and other 7 main observed variables. At the same time, the study uses two groups of latent variables, JS and EA, respectively, to refer to job satisfaction and external attractive factors for employees of commercial banks in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach: Research designed in an inductive manner. However, conducting the research through a mixed method is still necessary for better conclusions. The author approached some typical commercial banks at once (also called, the meta-case approach, which includes the traditional approaches to Multiple Regression analysis and new assumptions in the approach, along with SEM-CB analysis). Findings: Research has shown a relationship between the latent variables, Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction and External Appeals. The correlation between variables in assumed cases show the importance of different groups of factors affecting the ultimate goal of the human resource management process in commercial banks. It is the loyalty to the organization of the employees. In particular, the outstanding factors that can be further analyzed are Promotion opportunities, Moral standards ​​and Organizational brand. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study is a good reference for the system of commercial banks, especially with the unique characteristics of commercial banks in Vietnam. In addition, having loyal employees creates enduring businesses. Originality/value: The research has been conducted by the author, ensuring standards of research and ethical factors in publication. It contributes additional material to specialized research in Management, Human Resources and Business in general.

Trade credit from agrochemical vendors as an alternative source of finance for cabbage producers in the Bono East Region of Ghana

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine trade credit from agrochemical vendors as an alternative source of finance for cabbage producers in the Bono East Region of Ghana. The determinants of trade credit supply and impact on cabbage producer’s profitability are investigated.Design/methodology/approachThe study sample size is 260. The perception index, probit regression, negative binomial regression and the propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to assess the perception of trade credit, factors influencing trade credit supply and the impact of trade credit supply on the cabbage producer’s profitability and agrochemical vendor’s welfare respectively.FindingsThe perception index analysis revealed that the agrochemical vendors, in general, had a positive perception of trade credit. Different groups of factors influence trade credit supply. Further along, the number of times trade credit was used by the cabbage producers was influenced by several factors. On the PSM result, trade credit use had a significant positive impact on the cabbage producer’s profitability. In detail, all the matching estimations revealed that profitability increased above Gh¢ 4,000.00 (US$ 692.04). Likewise, the robustness check result (Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment (IPWRA)), was no different from the matching estimations. Generally, the result indicates that the impact of trade credit supply on the agrochemical vendor's welfare using total household expenditure, total savings and income as proxy variables for welfare were positive.Originality/valueTrade credit has encountered less attention in the agricultural finance discourse; however, this study makes an imperative contribution on the same. Specifically, the study reveals the determinants of trade credit supply from agrochemical vendors and a positive impact of trade credit use on the cabbage producer’s profitability, a result which has not been investigated in the trade credit literature.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

In world economic development, the importance of innovations, including social innovations, is acquiring an increasingly important role. But it is necessary to take different groups of factors into account in the state's innovation policy, is due to the fact that they can both contribute to and hinder innovative development. Social entrepreneurship is an effective tool for solving social problems and contributes to leveling the shortcomings of state management of a market economy. It acts as a connecting bridge between the public and private sectors, while working closely with both. The aim of research is to determine the stimulating and inhibiting factors for the development of social innovations. This research identifies factors and effect of social entrepreneurship and social innovation in regional development. The study uses monographic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, method of scientific induction and scientific deduction. In scope of the research, the author have clarified role of social entrepreneurship and social innovation in regional development, and create classification of financing resources for social innovation.

МАТЕМАТИЧНА ТА ГРАФІЧНІ МОДЕЛІ МОЛОТАРКИ ЗЕРНОЗБИРАЛЬНОГО КОМБАЙНА

To establish the connection and dependence between the elements of different groups of factors - evaluation of the quality of work, technical parameters, technological modes and working conditions - of the “thresher of a grain harvester” system. Based on them, develop a graphic model and an optimal plan for multifactor studies of thresher performance indicators during its mathematical modeling.

SYSTEMATIZATION OF THE HOSPITAL SPHERE INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT DESTABILIZERS

Objective. Based on the study of scientific literature, the goal of the research is to identify and systematize the macro-, meso-, micro-, nano-levels destabilizers of the development of innovative potential in the hospitality industry. Methods. In the process of the study the authors apply such methods as methods of theoretical generalization and comparison (to characterize the views of individual authors on the destabilizers of the innovative potential of the hospitality industry), analysis and synthesis (to systematize mesodestabilizers of innovative potential), graphic (to build a funnel of destabilizers at different levels on the development of innovation potential of hospitality industry). Results. Based on the study of the opinions of a number of authors who consider the destabilizers of the development of innovation potential in the hospitality sector at the macro, meso, micro, nano levels, it is determined that all destabilizers of innovation potential at the macro level are a reflection of domestic practice in innovation in all areas. Identification of mesodestabilizers of innovation potential allows distinguishing the following their types: integration, infrastructure, logistical, motivational, strategic, competitive, market, institutional, economic, financial, informational, legal, personnel, and evaluation. As for the considered microdestabilizers, they repeat mesodestabilizers. The nanodestabilizers of innovation potential, which affect the personnel innovation potential of the enterprise include: low professional status of the innovator, lack of material incentives and conditions for creative work, outflow of scientific personnel. Systematization of destabilizers of these levels, as an obstacle to the development of innovative potential in the hospitality industry, allows stating that destabilizers act as different groups of factors (economic, technological, structural, institutional, etc.), which overlap, and destabilizers on a larger scale affect all others levels.

Dizajn strukturne matrice za identifikaciju i evaluaciju kritičnih faktora uspeha softverskih projekata

The topic of critical success factors draws high attention of both academia and practitioners working in the software industry. Literature review shows that existing models of critical success factors for software projects are more concentrated on specific categories of success factors, neglecting the interaction that exists within these models between different groups of factors. The purpose of this paper is to present a new concept of interaction-based model for identification and evaluation of critical success factors for software projects. The approach is based on conjoint use of graph theory and Design Structure Matrices to highlight important interactions of a project system. The key result of the paper is the tool for evaluation of the interaction between critical success factors through quantification and the analysis of the possible propagation of specific factor within project success factor network, which will make possible the identification of the critical factors with the highest influence on the entire project system.

Management of the Process of Securing Customs Interests on the Basis of Identification of Target Indicators

The article develops and proposes a methodical concept of algorithmization of checking the range of trends and relationships that affect the process of ensuring customs interests. Mathematical dependences within the framework of the conducted simulation modeling are formed, which give the chance to optimize the process of making managerial decisions in the plane of calculation of analytical-factual parameters of substantiation of modern and forecasted trends. It is proposed to consider customs security and customs interests from the standpoint of achieving the appropriate state of the system of economic relations between economic entities. In order to take into account different groups of factors, their chronological change, as well as the impossibility of establishing individual initial parameters, to assess the simulation data, target indicators were identified. It is proved that the selected indicators are the object of management within the framework of using the regulatory potential of the state. Within the framework of checking the quality of indicator management, the two-stage modeling approach (express, complex) was used, the regression of each of them was determined, hypothetical assumptions were formulated and economic-mathematical interdependencies were obtained.

НАУКОВО-МЕТОДИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНТЕГРАЛЬНОЇ ОЦІНКИ РІВНЯ ВИРОБНИЧОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ В КОНТЕКСТІ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article is devoted to the analysis, generalization and systematization of existing scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the level of production potential, which is the basis for assessing the quality of the management system and strategic development of the enterprise. It is noted that machine-building enterprises are characterized by the use of groups of indicators of the use of material, energy, labor and financial resources, equipment loading and efficiency of production and economic activities. It is proposed to use certain components of the potential that provide the greatest impact on the activities of the enterprise. The main components of the production potential of an industrial enterprise are determined, which can be divided into two categories - capacity and efficiency of the potential. It is stated that the analysis of the impact of certain factors on the enterprise makes it possible to assess the current level of its development and help determine further development strategy, so depending on the field of research and taking into account their own scientific views, researchers justify different groups of factors influencing enterprise development. It is proposed to introduce an information system of adaptive management of strategic development to ensure effective interaction of structural units of the enterprise in the process of solving the functional tasks of modeling assessment, forecasting, scenario planning and control of production processes. On the basis of the information system the methodical approach to an integrated estimation of production potential of the enterprise is presented. It is concluded that it is most rational to use the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis for integrated assessment of production potential on the basis of indicators that reflect the quantitative indicators of its components. It is noted that the existing scientific and methodological approaches are based on criteria different in objectives and are designed to solve specific problems. Conclusions are made on further development of strategic decisions based on the assessment of the level of production potential.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ПЕРИКЛАЗО-ВУГЛЕЦЕВИХ ВОГНЕТРИВІВ В КОНВЕРТЕРАХ МАЛОЇ ЄМНОСТІ

The aim of this study is to establish the functional relationships between different groups of factors of production and the stability of the lining of small-volume converters. At the stage of development of world metallurgy, the oxygen-converter process is the most popular way of producing structural steel. Its main difference is high productivity, which is determined by the duration of maintenance-free periods of smelting units. Under the current conditions, it is possible to increase productivity and reduce the cost of steel production in converters by increasing the stability of refractory linings. Thus it is relevant and necessary to assess the factors influencing the stability of the lining and the search for rational technological conditions for its operation. A statistical analysis over a five-year period of the work of two 50-ton converters with top blowing, which was lined with periclase carbon heat-treated refractories, was conducted. It was established that the dependences of the lining stability on the consumption indicators of charge materials are extreme: the consumption of hot metal at the level of 920-930 kg/t of steel corresponds to the lowest indicators of the lining stability; scrap consumption at the level of 200 - 220 kg/t of steel and lime consumption at the level of 70-75 kg/t of steel correspond to the best working conditions of the lining. Regarding the chemical composition of processed hot metal, the best working conditions of the lining correspond to the content of silicon in it at the level of 0.80-0.85% of the mass and manganese - 0.50-0.60% of the mass. Researches shown that in order to more accurately interpret the impact of certain factors on the stability of the lining of oxygen converters, it is necessary to group factors by organizational and production characteristics and conduct a detailed analysis in each of the groups. According to the results of correlation and regression analysis, the equation was obtained, which allows to predict the stability of the lining of converters with a capacity of 50 tons. The resulting equation can be used in industrial conditions to predict the stability of the lining.

Determinants of defaults on P2P lending platforms in China

Chinese P2P lending platforms have an astonishing default rate of 87.2% based on data available in 2019, which indicates the seriousness of the problem this industry faces. Insufficient regulation has resulted in generation of risky services, such as margin finance in 2015 for stock markets and zero down-payment mortgages in 2016 for real estate buyers. Such services are prone to resulting in dramatic losses to investors with the following potential causes: adverse selection caused by information asymmetry of the P2P platform operators, lack of financial knowledge or expertise of the investors, insufficient regulation on P2P platforms, and changes in policies related to stock and real estate markets.Does “Too Big to Fail” (TBTF) apply to Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms in China? Are platforms with large Transaction Volumes or large Total Loan Size safer? This paper aims at answering such questions and identifies other factors that have led to defaults of such P2P lending platforms. In order to generate a more robust model that covers a wider range of factors, we adopt two approaches: Failure Prediction Model and Decomposition Methods. The reason why we have adopted this approach was that the factors that caused failure of such P2P platforms were very complicated and varied in nature. Failure Prediction Model is mainly based on the disclosed transaction or financial data. However, Decomposition Method aims at identification of sources of problem from different groups of factors, such as internal operations and external business environment. Also, another contribution of our research is that the data sets that we have used are from three different sources, which provide us a more comprehensive picture about the risks faced by such P2P lending firms.This study provides evidence that the bond yield, which reflects the liquidity level of the market, is the major reason for P2P platforms’ failure during the research period. Our results also indicate that apart from the size-related factors one also needs to answer the question - “Were platforms with larger Transaction Volumes and Total Loan Sizes safer?” The style factors like the interest rate and ownership, the timing factors like loan maturity and bond yield, and the selectivity factors like popularity are found to be even more significant. Hopefully, our findings could contribute academically to the existing literature in the credit risk estimation of online P2P lending platforms and provide practical support for development of a more effective risk monitoring system for online P2P lending platforms.

Análise sistêmica do município de São Paulo e suas implicações para o avanço dos casos de Covid-19

RESUMO No primeiro semestre de 2020 a cidade de São Paulo foi assolada pela pandemia da Covid-19. Como uma Cidade Global, São Paulo acabou se tornando o epicentro da pandemia no Brasil. Sendo uma metrópole com alto nível de desigualdade, São Paulo acabou salientando as vulnerabilidades a ela relacionadas. Neste trabalho, aplicamos a ferramenta sistêmica BioNetStat aos dados censitários do município de São Paulo. Basea- mo-nos em trabalho prévio de Nery et al. (2019) que distinguiu oito padrões urbanos. Primeiro mostramos que as análises sistêmicas demonstram que diferentes conjuntos de fatores caracterizam cada um dos padrões urbanos. Mostramos que existem vantagens na análise conjunta de fatores para estudo da estrutura da cidade de São Paulo. Numa segunda análise, aplicamos a abordagem sistêmica com a inclusão de casos e óbitos de Covid-19. Os resultados mostraram que a pandemia levou a uma maior letalidade em regiões com padrão urbano coincidente com baixos níveis de educação e renda, maior número de viagens ao trabalho e com falhas no abastecimento de água. Concluímos que para lidar com a vulnerabilidade de São Paulo a situações extremas - como a pandemia da Covid-19 - políticas públicas sistêmicas deveriam ser utilizadas. Sugerimos que talvez seja o momento de adaptar a gestão urbana aos padrões urbanos ao invés da tradicional abordagem político administrativa.

Simulation-Based Forecasting of the Reliability of Systems Consisting of Elements Described by a Number of Failure Probability Distributions

Abstract The paper presents the developed simulation model enabling the evaluation of the reliability of technical objects, which in the process of operation is subjected to several different groups of factors causing their failures. Probability distributions of failures resulting from wear and random factors are used in the developed model to estimate the time of operation of the elements and the reliability of the system. The developed model together with the appropriate computer program is a tool of significant importance for design and operational practice. It enables decision-makers to estimate the reliability of elements and the whole system before the beginning of their operation.

ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ МОДЕЛИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В ГРУЗОВЫЕ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫЕ ПЕРЕВОЗКИ В РОССИИ: ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ И ФАКТОРЫ

Актуальность исследования заключается в научной и практической значимости анализа влияния разных групп факторов и выявления тенденций устойчивого развития в России, затрагивающих грузовые железнодорожные компании. Современный период характеризуется ростом количества и обострением глобальных социальных, экономических, экологических, технологических проблем на международном, национальном, региональном и микроуровнях. Данное обстоятельство не только стимулирует, но и требует решительности от государства, общественных структур и бизнеса предпринимать действия, направленные на рациональность использования ресурсов, снижение рисков и угроз, сокращение дисбаланса в социально-экономическом развитии. В контексте происходящих трансформаций с учетом сложившихся в мире практик устойчивого развития необходимо рассматривать доминирующую по грузообороту сферу грузовых железнодорожных перевозок в России. Она обеспечивает развитие отраслей и регионов, формирует высокий потенциал устойчивости для всех экономических агентов, сглаживая существенные противоречия сегодняшней экономической повестки. При всех современных острых проблемах поиск моделей устойчивого развития для сферы грузовых железнодорожных перевозок остается в зоне внимания как исследователей, так и практиков. В статье рассматриваются ключевые аспекты устойчивого развития, а также преимущества и барьеры внедрения устойчивых практик применительно к российскому рынку грузовых железнодорожных перевозок. Цель исследования: определить предпосылки и выявить ключевые политические, экономические, социальные, технологические, экологические и правовые факторы, имеющие позитивное или негативное влияние на переход к модели устойчивого развития грузовых железнодорожных компаний России. Методология исследования основывается на анализе национальных и отраслевых трендов, определяющих готовность страны в целом и сегмента грузовых железнодорожных перевозок в частности к внедрению устойчивых практик. Результаты показывают, что, с одной стороны, антиустойчивые тенденции доминируют над устойчивыми, осложняют переход к моделям устойчивого развития и являются существенными демотиватороми для бизнеса и домохозяйств. С другой стороны, международная конкуренция из-за глобализации цепей поставок, потенциал энергоэффективности, необходимость замены устаревшей инфраструктуры и оборудования, цифровизация и автоматизация – значительные стимулы для перехода к моделям устойчивого развития.

Towards a Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB)-Overview and general remarks of a multidimensional bruxism evaluation system.

The aim of the present paper was to give an overview of the general project and to present the macrostructure of a comprehensive multidimensional toolkit for the assessment of bruxism, viz. a bruxism evaluation system. This is a necessary intermediate step that will be detailed in a successive extended publication and will ultimately lead to the definition of a Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) as the final product. Two invitation-only workshops were held during the 2018 and 2019 General Session & Exhibition of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) meetings. Participants of the IADR closed meetings were split into two groups, to put the basis for a multidimensional evaluation system composed of two main axes: an evaluation Axis A with three assessment domains (ie subject-based, clinically based and instrumentally based assessment) and an aetiological/risk factors Axis B assessing different groups of factors and conditions (ie psychosocial assessment; concurrent sleep and non-sleep conditions; drug and substance use or abuse; and additional factors). The work of the two groups that led to the identification of different domains for assessment is summarised in this manuscript, along with a road map for future researches. Such an approach will allow clinicians and researchers to modulate evaluation of bruxism patients with a comprehensive look at the clinical impact of the different bruxism activities and aetiologies. The ultimate goal of this multidimensional system is to facilitate the refinement of decision-making algorithms in the clinical setting.

How Does the Development of the Social Enterprise Sector Affect Entrepreneurial Behavior? An Empirical Analysis

Research on social entrepreneurship (SE) has increased exponentially during the past decade. Even though this social phenomenon has aroused the interest of researchers, many aspects have not yet been fully studied. In this study, the goal is to analyze how the factors that define the behavior of social entrepreneurs are affected by the perception that they have about the development of the social enterprise sector (SES development). We perform an empirical multivariable analysis using 2015 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data related to SE, with an international sample that contains information of 17,778 entrepreneurs, of which 6470 are social entrepreneurs. The empirical analysis is carried out applying binary response models, introducing interaction terms to analyze the moderating effect of SES development. Our results show that the entrepreneurs’ perception of the SES development exerts a moderating effect over three different groups of factors: 1) factors related to self-perception about entrepreneurship (including values, perceptions, and entrepreneurial skills); 2) demographic factors (gender, age, and education level), and 3) context and entrepreneurial environment (including factors related to entrepreneurs’ perception of societal values, entrepreneurship environment, and economic development). This moderating effect has very important implications, especially for policymakers. Our results show that SES development could amplify some effects, both positively and negatively. Therefore, the design and implementation of policies to support SE must consider the moderating role of this variable on the entrepreneurial behavior, because it could affect the effectiveness of such policies.