Different Forms Of Trust Research Articles

Publisher Correction to: Trust and corruption: how different forms of trust interact with formal institutions

Publisher Correction to: Trust and corruption: how different forms of trust interact with formal institutions

Does remote work erode trust in organizations? A within‐person investigation in the COVID‐19 context

AbstractThe global COVID‐19 pandemic led to a widespread increase in remote work arrangements. This trend raised concerns regarding the potential negative ramifications it might have for organizational trust and cooperation. We explored the initial effect of COVID‐19 induced remote work on trust in organizations: trust in co‐workers, trust in the supervisor and in the organization at large. In a four‐wave longitudinal survey of remote workers (N ∼ 1000) in the UK conducted between May 2020 and August 2020 (first COVID wave), we examined the association between the share of remote work (out of total working hours) and different forms of trust at work. The results showed that, for the same individual, increasing the share of working hours spent remotely was associated with more trust in the organization at large (but not in the supervisor and co‐workers). Further, during the months where individuals spent more time working remotely, they experienced lower turnover intentions (but not less burnout or more work engagement, productivity, and satisfaction) compared to the months where they spent less time working remotely. The results contribute to the literature on flexible work arrangements, organizational trust, and other work outcomes.

Trust and corruption: how different forms of trust interact with formal institutions

Trust and corruption: how different forms of trust interact with formal institutions

Trust toward humans and trust toward artificial intelligence are not associated: Initial insights from self-report and neurostructural brain imaging.

The present study examines whether self-reported trust in humans and self-reported trust in [(different) products with built-in] artificial intelligence (AI) are associated with one another and with brain structure. We sampled 90 healthy participants who provided self-reported trust in humans and AI and underwent brain structural magnetic resonance imaging assessment. We found that trust in humans, as measured by the trust facet of the personality inventory NEO-PI-R, and trust in AI products, as measured by items assessing attitudes toward AI and by a composite score based on items assessing trust toward products with in-built AI, were not significantly correlated. We also used a concomitant dimensional neuroimaging approach employing a data-driven source-based morphometry (SBM) analysis of gray-matter-density to investigate neurostructural associations with each trust domain. We found that trust in humans was negatively (and significantly) correlated with an SBM component encompassing striato-thalamic and prefrontal regions. We did not observe significant brain structural association with trust in AI. The present findings provide evidence that trust in humans and trust in AI seem to be dissociable constructs. While the personal disposition to trust in humans might be "hardwired" to the brain's neurostructural architecture (at least from an individual differences perspective), a corresponding significant link for the disposition to trust AI was not observed. These findings represent an initial step toward elucidating how different forms of trust might be processed on the behavioral and brain level.

The borders are re-opening! Has virtual reality been a friend or a foe to the tourism industry so far?

PurposeLeveraging the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) theory, this paper aims to investigate how the utilitarian and hedonic factors in virtual reality (VR) technologies affect consumers' intention to travel in the endemic phase of COVID-19. At the same time, the study incorporated emotional engagement and two forms of trust as possible organisms for this model.Design/methodology/approachThrough snowball sampling, data collected from 263 respondents were analysed using the partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe findings revealed that among the different forms of hedonic and utilitarian factors, all but perceived entertainment has a significant positive relationship to emotional engagement. Additionally, emotional engagement positively influences trust in the product and seller. However, the results show that only trust in the seller has a significant relationship with travelling intention. Predictive analysis shows that the model displays a strong predictive power.Originality/valueThis study differentiates from the existing literature by investigating the effect of VR technologies on the two different forms of trust and emotional engagement on travelling intention. This study extends earlier studies by supplementing the explanatory perspective with a predictive focus, which is particularly important in making sound recommendations on managerial decision-making.

Building and sustaining trust in remote work by platform-dependent entrepreneurs on digital labor platforms: Toward an integrative framework

In the platform economy, digital labor platforms (DLPs) enable remote work by intermediating transactions between platform-dependent entrepreneurs (PDEs) and clients. Information asymmetry arises, however, because PDEs engaged in remote work often are more informed about their abilities than clients are, which may lead to the “lemons problem” and cause market failure. Applying transaction cost economics, we develop a framework that incorporates propositions about what conditions allow different forms of trust to emerge among PDEs, DLPs, and clients. We also delineate how building and sustaining trust should help mitigate market failure threats on DLPs, and, in turn, improve outcomes for PDEs, platforms, and clients. Our framework makes important conceptual extensions by highlighting the relevance of information asymmetry, linking trust development within the DLP-facilitated service triad, and underscoring transaction frequency’s importance, which has been largely overlooked in extant literature. It also provides practical implications for remote work involving PDEs, DLPs, and clients.

Making a case for the consideration of trust, justice and power in conservation relationships.

In conservation, trust and justice are increasingly recognized as both intrinsically valuable and critical for successful socioecological outcomes. However, the interdependence between these concepts has not been explored. The conservation trust literature provides examples of efforts to build trust between conservationists and local actors; yet, these interventions are often conceived to incentivize local cooperation within dominant paradigms. We argue that when trust building is promoted as a technical fix that does not plan in advance to address power asymmetries in conservation practice, inequities may inadvertently be re‐embedded. Therefore, we conceptualized a framework that joins trust, justice, and power so that critical analyses of conservation partnerships can be more effectively undertaken. We drew on environmental justice theory to better calibrate the trust literature for the historical‐political settings of conservation, especially in the Global South. Justice and trust share strong theoretical links where perceptions of justice shape a willingness to trust, and, equally, trust is a precondition for justice to be perceived. Different forms of trust connect to varied domains of justice and power in different ways, which mediates the outcomes of interventions. We applied our framework to case studies to explore how these interdependences play out in practice. Failure of agencies to attend to issues of maldistribution, misrecognition of cultural values and knowledge, and exclusion from participation strongly compromised trust. Moreover, the ways in which nature‐dependent communities and marginalized conservation workers are trusted, or the conditions under which they give trust, can lead to partnerships being perceived as just or unjust. Focusing on trust and justice can help identify power dynamics so they can be addressed more readily and create space for alternative understandings of partnerships.

Boundary Work in Response to Professionals’ Contextual Constraints: Micro-strategies in Interprofessional Collaboration

Boundary-work research has extensively explored how professionals engage in boundary work to protect or expand their professional boundaries in interprofessional collaboration (IPC). Yet professionals’ contextual constraints in everyday work, such as time pressure or legal restrictions, often result in competing interests of the professionals involved in IPC, prompting them to engage in boundary work to limit—instead of protect or expand—their boundaries. Our empirical analysis uses comprehensive qualitative data on IPC in Germany between self-employed general practitioners (GPs) and registered nurses employed in nursing homes. In this IPC, GPs’ efficiency interests frequently compete with nurses’ safeguarding interests, leading both professionals to engage in boundary-work efforts to limit their boundaries. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding and framework of professionals’ boundary work, showing that individual GPs and nurses typically hold a portfolio of various defending and accommodating micro-strategies. Based on our first-order findings, we identify how different sources of power enable particular micro-strategies and explore how the choice of micro-strategies depends on different forms of trust in the collaborating partner. Last, we outline interactions of micro-strategies, illustrating how the outcomes of professionals’ bilateral boundary work depend on the sequence of these strategies.

Credibility, trust, and suspicion: Social relationships put to the test by Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has generated a broad feeling of uncertainty in social relationships and has had a significant impact on different forms of trust and mistrust. In this contribution, the authors address some central questions: how did the medical emergency challenge interpersonal trust and the trust of citizens in science, politics and media? More generally, what is the destiny of trust in contemporary societies in this Covid-19 epoch and afterwards?

What makes guests trust Airbnb? Consumer trust formation and its impact on continuance intention in the sharing economy

The prevalence of Airbnb as a sharing economy platform has grown, and trust is the foundation that motivates users to participate in the Airbnb sharing phenomenon. Although studies have identified different forms of trust, such as trust in the host and trust in the platform, few studies have comprehensively investigated the antecedents of these different forms of trust. To demonstrate the importance of trust to Airbnb, this study empirically explored how customers develop their trusting beliefs in Airbnb through guest-based, host-based, and platform-based factors. This study collected data from 416 respondents to test a structural model. The results indicated that the guest-based factor of rating volume and the host-based factors of information quality and media richness positively affected levels of trust in Airbnb. Furthermore, platform-based factors influenced trust in Airbnb in terms of environmental benefits, locational benefits, and authenticity. Finally, trust in Airbnb was a key determinant of users’ continuance intention on the platform.

Perceived warmth and competence in crowdfunding: Which matters more and for whom?

Despite the importance of warmth and competence for social evaluation processes, we do not have a clear understanding of their relevance in entrepreneurial resource acquisition contexts. We examine the effects of cursory impressions of 350 Kickstarter crowdfunding entrepreneurs’ warmth and competence on the performance of their campaigns. Drawing from the stereotype content model and expectancy violation theory, we propose and find support for a model in which different forms of trust mediate the relationships between warmth and competence and crowdfunding performance, with the strength of these pathways differing as a function of entrepreneur gender. Specifically, we show that the crowdfunding performance of women entrepreneurs is uniquely benefited by perceptions of competence and the cognition-based trust that ensues, relative to the performance of men entrepreneurs.

On inter-organizational trust, control and risk in transboundary fisheries governance

Inter-organizational collaboration is often considered essential to transboundary fishery governance, due, in part, to the high levels of task interdependence, the remote and often treacherous conditions, and the limited levels of information available to any policy actor on resource status. In the high seas, Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) are responsible for sustainably managing highly migratory and straddling fish stocks through the implementation of ecosystem-based approaches and ensuring adequate inter-jurisdictional cooperation. A central question facing RFMO governance is therefore how to structure and sustain inter-organizational transboundary collaboration under high uncertainty? This paper presents the case of the North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO), conceptualized as a strategic alliance between the bureaucratic organizations responsible for north Atlantic salmon fishery management in the member countries. We identify and explain how dimensions of trust, control, and perceived risk have structured the collaborative performance of the alliance. The application of an integrated trust-control-risk framework increases conceptual clarity for how, when and why alliance managers might seek to develop different forms of trust through different management control systems in ways that further multi-actor collaborative network performance. Future research needs are identified, including better understanding how managerial strategies and control mechanisms facilitate inter-organizational trust in transboundary governance settings and mitigate the perceived risks of working together.

Trust and Sharing in Online Environments: A Comparative Study of Different Groups of Norwegian Car Sharers

Though multiple studies have explored the phenomenon of car sharing, very few have indulged into exploring how different forms of trust varies between users of different business models. We address this research gap through employing quantitative data analyses of car sharers in Norway. Results show that the levels of ingroup and outgroup-trust (i.e., trust towards friends/family or unfamiliar persons) are markedly low for the members of the peer-to-peer scheme (M = 3.4/2.9) as compared to the cooperative (M = 6.0/4.8) and business-to-consumer scheme (M = 5.7/4.4). In contrast, technology-based trust is more important for the P2P sharers (M = 5.8) than cooperative (M = 5.6) and the B2C users (M = 5.6). Our findings echo previous studies, indicating that a different set of institutional logics is driving the transactions at the emerging P2P platforms compared to former non-profit sharing communities.

Trust in Social Relations

Trust is key to understanding the dynamics of social relations, to the extent that it is often viewed as the glue that holds society together. We review the mounting sociological literature to help answer what trust is and where it comes from. To this end, we identify two research streams—on particularized trust and generalized trust, respectively—and propose an integrative framework that bridges these lines of research while also enhancing conceptual precision. This framework provides the springboard for identifying several important avenues for future research, including new investigations into the radius of trust, the intermediate form of categorical trust, and the interrelationships between different forms of trust. This article also calls for more scholarship focusing on the consequences (versus antecedents) of trust, addressing more fully the trustee side of the relation, and employing new empirical methods. Such novel approaches will ensure that trust research will continue to provide important insights into the functioning of modern society in the years to come.

Trust and Financial Development: Forms of Trust and Ethnic Fractionalization Matter

We examine the relationship between trust and financial development using detailed regional data in Turkey. We distinguish different forms of trust (i.e., generalized, narrow, and wide) and investigate whether varying degrees of generalized and narrow trust, as well as wide and narrow trust imply different financial development outcomes. Moreover, we assess how different forms of trust and their combination affect financial development in the presence of ethnically fragmented populations. We use instrumental variable (IV) estimations to address endogeneity issues and the potential reverse causality between trust and financial development. Our main results indicate that wide trust has a significantly positive impact on financial development. Moreover, in regions where narrow trust is relatively high, we find financial development benefits from increasing generalized trust. Our findings also highlight that whereas wide trust leads to more developed financial markets in more ethnically fragmented regions, generalized trust plays a stronger role in less fragmented ones. Further, we also analyze the impact of trust on the proportion of credit backed by stable funds such as deposits. Our findings show that generalized trust plays an important role in mitigating the adverse effects that ethnic fractionalization have on the availability of deposits or stable sources to fund loans. On the whole, our study highlights the importance of distinguishing the impact of different forms and combinations of trust. Generalized trust, which is the focus of most studies, is not an all-encompassing one-size-fits-all solution to enhance economic performance.

Trust Relationships in Employment Relationships: the Role of Trust for Firm Profitability

Trust between actors in firms per se as well as in the employment relationship, i.e. between the representatives of employees and the management, is usually seen in the literature to affect firm performance positively, yet to date there has been no systematic analysis of the effect of different forms of trust, including mutual trust, on firms’ financial performance. In this article we argue that only mutual trust, rather than all forms of trust, is sufficient to systematically constitute an advantage for firms and ultimately materialize in firms’ profitability increases. We test our hypotheses on the basis of a representative and matched employee/employer side data set of firms in the member states of the European Union. Our analysis confirms our hypothesis that only strong mutual trust is able to systematically impact increases in firm profitability positively and weaker forms of trust and unilateral trust do not suffice.

Trust in stakeholders and social support: risk perception and preparedness by the Wenchuan earthquake survivors

ABSTRACT Trust in stakeholders and social support are essential but neglected factors that shape people's disaster protective behaviours such as mitigation and preparedness. This paper examines the effects of various forms of trust and social support on seismic risk perception and self-reported preparedness in rural China. A household survey (N = 415) of survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was conducted in 2012. The perceived seismic risk and self-reported preparedness were analysed as dependent variables. Trust in the general public, close relationships, government, and outside helpers were used as various forms of trust. Social support from formal organisations and informal personal networks were included as social support measures, and ordinal logistics and logistic regression models were used for the analysis. The results demonstrate that trust in government and outside helpers are positively associated with perceived risk and adaptation of preparedness actions. Informal social support is negatively correlated with the self-reported preparedness, as well as the perceived likelihood and consequence of the potential earthquakes. The effect of formal support is not significant in predicting disaster risk perception or preparedness. Different forms of trust in stakeholders and social support have different impacts on individuals’ risk perception and preparedness.

Best practice versus farm practice: Perspectives of lecturers and students at agricultural colleges in England on management of lameness in sheep

Abstract We use the concepts of trust and knowledge to explore translation of scientific evidence about treatment of ovine footrot to students studying at agricultural colleges. We explore the role of different forms of trust (companion, competence and commitment) in facilitating relationships between students and informants. We also investigate how students acquire knowledge, and how this influences their practices for treating footrot. We find that despite being taught evidence-based practice (antibiotic treatment and no foot trimming) at college, most students would still use traditional farm practice (foot trimming) to treat footrot. Students develop tacit knowledge of traditional practices from farmers whilst working on sheep farms and these farmers have a strong influence on students' practices; students have high levels of companion trust for “known farmers. College lecturers who demonstrate competence gain students' trust, but where this does not occur there is a failure in communication between lecturer and student. Students acquire explicit classroom knowledge of evidence-based practice at college because there is limited practical experiential learning. This explicit knowledge is typically insufficient to change behaviour, unless students trust their lecturer. Our findings indicate that farming experience dominates over classroom experience and so college education alone will not ensure uptake of evidence-based practice.

Post-disaster trust in Japan: the social impact of the experiences and perceived risks of natural hazards

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to examine the social impact of natural hazards in Japanese society. Using the Japanese General Social Survey, this study examines how citizens’ previous experiences and perceived risks of disasters are associated with their levels of four different forms of trust: in-group, out-group, generalised, and political trust. Furthermore, as the survey was conducted a year after the devastating Triple Disaster in 2011, the study examines the residents of the Tohoku region, who were the primary victims of the Triple Disaster. The results of this study suggest that the disaster experience is positively associated with trust: Japanese citizens with disaster experience had higher levels of in-group and out-group trust than those without disaster experience, and Tohoku residents showed higher levels of out-group, generalised, and political trust than the residents of other regions. Contrarily, citizens’ perceived risks of disaster showed negative relationships with trust: the Japanese citizens who perceived higher risks of disasters had lower levels of out-group, generalised, and political trust. However, the negative effects of the perceived risks of disasters significantly reduced among Tohoku residents.

Navigating shades of social capital and trust to leverage opportunities for rural innovation

This paper makes a contribution to understanding the impact of relational trust, as embodied within bonding, bridging and linking social capital, on rural innovation. Using cases of multi-stakeholder groups who work together on shared problems it explores how social capital and different forms of trust (companion, competence and commitment) influence rural innovation processes. Looking at both the ‘bright’ and ‘dark’ side of social capital, our focus is on how social capital and trust constrain and enable the process of innovation. The study highlights both positive and negative effects of social capital in the context of three fixed term projects that were part of New Zealand's Primary Innovation programme (2012–2017). Our findings show that there was a unique composition of social capital and trust at the outset of each project and that dark social capital was a critical constraint in each case. Enabling innovation processes required committed and dedicated brokers who provided bridging social capital and embodied competence trust to enable participants' confidence. Such brokers are capable of recognising and managing different ‘shades’ of social capital and trust in pursuing desired project outcomes. A main theoretical implication of this study is that a better understanding of social capital and trust is needed to enable innovation facilitators and project managers to design and undertake fixed term rural innovation projects effectively. This is because social capital determines whether the composition of relationships within networks of actors involved in innovation projects enables innovation, or to the contrary constrains innovation. Specifically the implications and implementation of bridging social capital and competence trust are key determinants of successful innovation processes.