Different Forms Of Training Research Articles

Analysis of Methods and Tools for Visualising Anatomy in the Professional Training of Future Design Teachers

Design teachers are trained in anatomy through the use of conventional atlases and textbooks specifically tailored for artists. The training did not use modern visualisation tools, widely used in medical universities, to popularise knowledge. The focus of the study was the techniques and approaches used for visual representation. The purpose of the study was to systematise methods and means of visualising anatomy in the training of design teachers, to determine the features of presenting knowledge in this area for designers. The research methodology involved the use of an integrated approach, which took into account all the features of the application of anatomical knowledge in design, affecting the format of their presentation. General scientific methods were used to systematise the material on the research topic, to formulate the problem, form a hypothesis as well as to formulate conclusions. It was found that at the moment there is a sufficient number of education platforms on the Internet with free access, which contain information in various visual formats. There were also educational applications and interactive atlases. But they focus on the medical component, so it was necessary to adapt them to the tasks of training designers. In general, all the considered tools can be used in different forms of training: theory and practice, didactic lectures, modeling, simulation. For design training, important issues were the ergonomics of space and objects in it, which were largely based on human anatomy. Therefore, ergonomic models can be used as visualisation tools for preparation. Thus, the range of visualisation tools and methods is quite wide, their use proves to be effective, but there was an urgent need to adapt existing programs, models, platforms to meet design requirements. It is promising to develop an interactive anatomical atlas for the designer, which can be used in the educational process in the classroom and independently as a reference manual for students, teachers, and designers.

Influence of Human Resource Capacity on Public Health Service Delivery in the Western Kenya Region

This study investigated about the influence of human resource capacity on public health service delivery in the Western Kenyan Region. The study employed the descriptive correlational research design. A closed ended questionnaire was used as a source of data from 264 staff and 69 patients from selected health facilities. Data was processed through regression analysis to establish the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables. The study concludes that enhancing the human resources capacity through collaborative decision making and training leads to improved public health service delivery. The study, therefore, recommends that the Ministry of Health in the County Governments should enhance the human resources capacity through collaborative decision making in that opinions of workers are taken into consideration in daily operations. Furthermore, different forms of training like in-service training, mentorship, coaching, workshops and seminars should be considered so as to effectively enhance the public health service delivery.

Dual education in nurse training: international practice and implementation prospects in Ukraine

Problem statement. A lack of professional practicing in the course of studies was identified by nursing students, educators, practitioners and other stakeholders as one of the main challenges in higher and continuous nursing education. Quite often, graduates of nursing colleges, institutes and academies come to work without stable practical skills. After all, nursing curriculum focuses mostly on teaching in a speculative, abstract manner. As of February 24, 2022, in connection with the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, nursing students are actually deprived of the opportunity to work at the patient’s bedside, develop practical skills in a real environment. The inconsistency of the education content and educational paradigm in Ukraine with the most recent world trends in nursing and current health care needs is a concern to be addressed. The solution of the stated problem can be achieved through introducing a system of dual nursing education based on equal and responsible partnership between nursing educators and practitioners. Analysis of the latest literature on the issue raised in the article shows a strong interest of Ukrainian scientific community in many dual education concepts, including nursing. The problem of introduction and peculiarities of dual education is addressed in the papers of G.G. Oleskova, M.A. Azhazhi, Y.O. Dovgenko, L.I. Yaremenko, Y.V. Yare- menko, O.L. Kravchenko, L. V. Martsenyuk and O. V. Gruzdev. However, despite a significant number of research papers highlighting various problematic aspects of the dual education system, the research of dual education during the training of nurses has been covered inadequately. Presenting main material. The term of «dual system» comes from the Latin «dualis», double. This system, which provides for the coordinated interaction of the educational and industrial spheres in the training of qualified personnel of a certain profile within the framework of organizationally different forms of training was developed in the mid-60s of the last century in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). Subsequently, this system was adopted by Canada, Austria, Switzerland, and other countries. The development of the dual education system in Ukraine was commenced in 2015. Since the very beginning, dual education has been considered effective for applied specialties related to production. Nursing care can be interpreted as the production of a certain list of services by nursing staff, and therefore the dual education system can be applied to the training of nurses. The first step in introducing the dual form of nursing education should be a joint decision made by the educational institution and the employer. Next, it is required to monitor the labor market potential, determine the list of specialties (professions) for which educational programs of the dual form of education will be developed, approve their list, adopt relevant internal documents, and conclude relevant agreements. The implementation of the dual educational process involves the development of an educational program meeting professional standards and requirements for the competencies of future nursing professionals. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The introduction of a dual education system in nursing will improve the practical training of nursing staff, align the same with the practical medicine standards and the labor market requirements, contribute to the updating of academic content, increase the competitiveness of graduates of nursing educational institutions, as well as encourage students to study. In response to the challenges of nursing development, to promote the introduction of a dual education system in the training of nurses, it is advisable to hold more conferences and round tables, as well as create platforms for interaction between all stakeholders who care about nursing.

Effortless training of attention and self-control: mechanisms and applications.

For the past 50 years, cognitive scientists have assumed that training attention and self-control must be effortful. However, growing evidence suggests promising effects of effortless training approaches such as nature exposure, flow experience, and effortless practice on attention and self-control. This opinion article focuses on effortless training of attention and self-control. We begin by introducing our definitions of effortful and effortless training and reviewing the growing literature on these two different forms of training. We then discuss the similarities and differences in their respective behavioral outcomes and neural correlates. Finally, we propose a putative neural mechanism of effortless training. We conclude by highlighting promising directions for research, development, and application of effortless training.

Scoping Review of Curricula and Pedagogical Approaches for Physiotherapist Performed Point of Care Ultrasonography.

This study collates and maps physiotherapy pre- and post-licensure curricula and pedagogical approaches for point of care ultrasonography (POCUS). We used a standardized scoping review methodology and reporting framework. A total of 18,217 titles and abstracts, and 1,372 full text citations were screened, with 209 studies classified as physiotherapist performed POCUS. Of the 209 studies, 15 evaluated pre- and post-licensure curricula and pedagogical approaches. Seventy-two to 98% of pre-licensure programs reported including theoretical knowledge of POCUS and 44-45% reported practical teaching or competency assessment. In post-licensure studies of POCUS, 0-61% of physiotherapists reported training for POCUS. All studies of post-licensure pedagogical approaches included an assessment of theoretical knowledge of POCUS, but only one study included a practical assessment of competency. There was considerable variability in POCUS methods and duration of pedagogical approaches. Except for one study, all pedagogical approaches reported improvement in theoretical knowledge. Progress in physiotherapy-specific, standardized, competency-based curricula and pedagogical approaches in POCUS has been limited, with minimal research available, and considerable variability both pre- and post-licensure. These findings could be used to advocate for the inclusion of POCUS in pre- and post-licensure physiotherapy curriculum, and suggest a need for clear guidelines from regulatory colleges and licensing bodies, and a common terminology for physiotherapist performed POCUS. Future directions for research include a systematic review of the psychometric properties of physiotherapist performed POCUS within and across anatomical areas, an assessment of value of different forms of training, and an evaluation of the impact of physiotherapist performed POCUS on patient outcomes.

Features of the formation of educational motivation in future nurses, depending on different forms of training in a medical college

The article presents an analysis of the works of Russian and foreign scientists on the factors of effective professional activity of a nurse. During the analysis, a contradiction was found, according to which the main factor of effective professional activity of a nurse is traditionally assumed to have a high level of development of operational professionally important qualities, but empirical data do not correspond to this statement. Additionally, the features of the professional development of students depending on the form of training were considered, and an empirical study was conducted in order to determine the similarities and differences in the structure and dynamics of motivation for educational activities of future nurses studying in different forms of training. It was revealed that during the training period, future nurses in both forms of training (full-time and part-time) have negative dynamics in the content of teaching motives; motives aimed at active cognitive and transformative activity become less significant, and the motivational core is formed around those motives aimed at preserving psychological comfort. The regularities of the formation of the structure of educational motivation established using the systemogenetic approach made it possible to draw a number of important conclusions concerning the factors of effective nursing activity and to highlight the predominant determinant of the professionalisation of nurses – motivational professionally important qualities.

Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on torque and performance in recreational distance runners: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is used by athletes to improve muscle performance. However, evidence on the use of NMES in long distance runners is scarce. As such, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of NMES on the muscle torque and sports performance of long-distance recreational runners. MethodsThis was a blinded randomized controlled trial. Data from 30 volunteers were analyzed. Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental (n = 15) or control group (n = 15). The experimental group was submitted to running training (RT) and a strengthening protocol with NMES (1 kHz, modulated in 2 ms bursts, 50 Hz modulated burst frequency and 10% duty cycle, 15 min totaling 18 contractions per sessions) for 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week, while controls were submitted to RT alone. The following variables were analyzed: peak isometric (ISO), concentric (CON), and eccentric (ECC) torque of the quadriceps muscle in voluntary contractions, ventilatory anaerobic thresholds (VATs), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and oxygen cost of transport (OCT). ResultsThe NMES group obtained higher values of ISO, 21.04% (p = 0.001), CON, 21.97% (p = 0.001) and ECC, 18.74% (p = 0.001) peak torque and VAT1, 9.56% (p = 0.001), as well as a statistically significant improvement in oxygen cost of transport at VAT1 when compared to controls (p = 0.001). ConclusionNMES was effective in improving peak isometric, concentric and eccentric quadriceps muscle torque, in addition to being an interesting resource for enhancing sports performance in long-distance recreational runners and future clinical trials should be performed to compare the use of NMES to different forms of training over longer training periods.

Statistical Analysis on Factors that Contribute to Post Harvest Losses of Crops in Rural Area at Nkwanta Districts, Volta Regions, Ghana

The study was conducted to assess the factors that contribute to post harvest losses of farm produces in the Nkwanta Districts, Volta Region, Ghana. Data was collected from 250 farmers in the district using a structured questionnaire. The last item on the questionnaire examined the level of agreement attached to various factors influencing post harvest losses in the district on a five point Likert scale. Multivariate factor analysis method was used in the analysis. The results indicated that about 87.2% of the total respondent experience of post harvest losses and there are five salient factors that influence post harvest losses. Difficulties in market accessibility related factors was the most important factor of all. Another important factors accountable for post harvest losses are lack of knowledge and technology related factors, lack of storage facilities and poor packaging, the poor road network, and labour cost. It is therefore recommended that different forms of training and information should be made available for farmers. Also, the establishment of the factories and storage facilities at farming communities should be put in place in order to reduce post harvest losses by way of processing and storage of the excess produces at the local level.

The power of authority and the Montessori teachers’ (in)ability to learn – research intervention report

The article concentrates on the issue of Montessori teachers’ attitude towards pedagogical knowledge they develop during different forms of training. The analysis presented in the text is based on quasi-experiment rooted in Critical Realism research paradigm. Eighty-two Montessori teachers participated in a workshop and were asked to comment on eight different quotes. Half of them knew that these extracts had been taken from the publications by Maria Montessori and the other half did not have that knowledge. As a result, the first group of teachers formulated numerous critical remarks whereas the other one concentrated on positive interpretations. This experiment might shed some light on the power of authority and limitations to transform teachers’ implicit pedagogical presuppositions. The teachers that took part in this experiment were provided with the opportunity to problematize their personal teaching theories.

Editorial

Editorial

РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ МЕХАНИЗМА НАСЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ РАЗРАБОТКИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОГРАММ

The article describes the implementation of the mechanism of inheritance of educational programs in the process of electronic development of educational documentation of the university. The purpose of the inheritance mechanism is to improve the processes of automated development of educational programmes and to ensure internal consistency of educational documentation.
 In the course of the study, the concept of inheritance of educational programs was introduced as a mechanism to take into account the information of parental educational programs when describing the elements of subsidiary programs corresponding to this information. The possibilities of applying the inheritance mechanism in situations: 1) preparation of documentation of similar programs implemented on different forms of training are disclosed; 2) creation of different versions of documentation of educational programs, depending on the year of reception; 3) creating one child program based on several parents; 4) multiple inheritance of a series of related educational programs. Functional requirements for the educational program development tool system are described for each of the above situations. Actual data on the impact of the inheritance mechanism in the development of educational programmes are presented.
 Thus, the inheritance of educational programs is an effective mechanism for developing educational documentation in an electronic environment. This mechanism significantly reduces the cost of developing similar programs, as well as improving the quality of the university 's educational documentation by improving the consistency of its parts.

Between Apprenticeship and Skill: Acquiring Knowledge outside the Academy in Early Modern England

ArgumentApprenticeship was probably the largest mode of organized learning in early modern European societies, and artisan practitioners commonly began as apprentices. Yet little is known about how youths actually gained skills. I develop a model of vocational pedagogy that accounts for the characteristics of apprenticeship and use a range of legal and autobiographical sources to examine the contribution of different forms of training in England. Apprenticeship emerges as a relatively narrow channel, in which the master’s contribution to training was weakly defined and executed conservatively. The creation of complementary channels of formal instruction was constrained by cost and coordination problems. When we consider a range of British youths who obtained advanced skills as artisan practitioners (and engaged in invention or pursued natural philosophical interests), we see the importance of individual agency over institutional structures. For these youths, training could involve rejecting apprenticeship, engaging in periods of advanced study, including time in multiple workshops after the end of apprenticeship, and parallel campaigns to access scarce books and communities of scholarship.

ДО ВИБОРУ МЕТОДУ НАБУТТЯ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЙ ЯК ГОЛОВНОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ РОЗВИТКУ ПЕРСОНАЛУДО ВИБОРУ МЕТОДУ НАБУТТЯ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЙ ЯК ГОЛОВНОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ РОЗВИТКУ ПЕРСОНАЛУ

The main components of improving staff competencies in the face of change have been substantiated in the article. The competence approach in personnel development is considered and it is determined that the end result of the educational process, which is aimed at the formation of the willingness of an expert to effectively use potential opportunities (knowledge, skills, values, psychological characteristics) and external resources (information, human, material) as a basis for achieving this goal. It has been found that taking into account the combination of hard skills and soft skills allows you to use the acquired knowledge to perform specific tasks in the workplace in a particular professional activity. On the basis of the analysis of world practice, a list of methods is presented: discussions, brainstorming, Oxford debate, Case - Study, business and role - playing games, workshops, communication and management trainings, which are used for the formation of employees' skills. These methods allow to expand the educational possibilities of established forms of conducting classes (lectures, seminars). The relationship between acquiring new and improving existing staff development competencies based on training and coaching is shown. Coaching is considered as a rather effective method of interaction between the coach and the coaches, on the trainer and the student. The combination of the SMART method of competency acquisition greatly enhances short-term learning opportunities through the use of the lifelong learning concept. Different definitions of the essence of “competence” are analysed, which allows to emphasize that in choosing different forms of training, in particular, trainings, different types of exercises, it is necessary to use / apply modern methods and techniques. It has been stated that the competency model, called «START» in combination with the use of the software «TALENTS ET COMPETENCES» allows to create the maps of the necessary key competences for performing actual types of work and to organize appropriate vocational training for the development of employees' competences. It is proven that the inappropriate use of knowledge, skills, experience and skills by staff often results in reduced profits and inefficient use of their potential.

Fires - primary risk and anthropogenic danger for Bulgaria

A survey of data shows that the number of fires is increasing, both globally and in Bulgaria. Forest fires occupy a prominent place among them and have also been increasing since 2010. The consequences of fires, especially forest fires, have a complex negative impact on the environment and can lead to environmental catastrophes, economic, social and medical losses. This predetermines the need to build automated systems for the prevention of forest fires in the most risky places in the world, and in Bulgaria. It is necessary to increase the knowledge of fires and competences of all people through different forms of training - following fire safety regulations and rules is the responsibility of everyone, and their violation could endanger personal property and the lives of many people.

РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ І ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ВІДЕОРЕСУРСІВ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ

This article discusses the theoretical foundation, the creation and implementation of the electronic educational video resources (EEVR) in the example of the development and the usage of the collection of video tutorials in event-driven programming theme, which is studied in the framework of the subject "Informatics" by students of many specialties. It offers some development of the existing conceptual and categorical apparatus concerning EEVR development. It is alleged that the video tutorials allow you to automate the process of learning, redistribute instructional time for the benefit of students' independent work, to provide classroom release time for the teaching of the theoretical issues of the course that is aimed at improving the fundamental nature of training. Practical recommendations for the development of the effective EEVR, which may be useful for the authors of e-learning courses for students of different forms of training are proposed.

О РОССИЙСКО-КИТАЙСКОМ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВЕ В ОБЛАСТИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The author of the article, who is the chairman of the Russian part of the Russian-Chinese working group on interaction in the study and teaching of Russian and Chinese languages, the development of bilateral academic exchanges and scientific and technical cooperation of universities, analyzes the main directions of modern cooperation between Russian Federation and PRC in the field of education. The article also gives examples from the practice of cooperation between Russian universities and organizations and Chinese partners on coordinated areas, joint interaction in the studying and teaching Rus-sian and Chinese languages, the creation of associations of profile universities in Russia and China. The aim of this research is to identify the specifics of the practice of cooperation between the leading Russian and Chinese universities in the development and implementation of joint educational programs with the double diplomas. Separately, the current regulatory and legal framework of Russian-Chinese co-operation in the field of education is also analyzed. Author also considers the cooperation of the two countries in promoting Russian and Chinese lan-guages, the issues of studying the state languages of partner countries. A statistical analysis of the number of Chinese students studying in Russian universities, the number of partnership agreements and programs, the volume of the budget quota allocated for the training of Chinese students in Russian universities is also conducted. In general, the relevance of the article is due to the general tendency to expand cooperation between Russia and China in the field of education, in particular, within the framework of the priority project “Development of the export potential of the Russian education system”, within which China is one of the priority states, as well as Chinese students studying in different forms of training in Russian educational organizations should increase to 100,000 people. It seems that the article will attract the attention of heads of state and private organizations engaged in cooperation with China in education and science.

Affliction: Health, Disease, Poverty by Veena Das (review)

Reviewed by: Affliction: Health, Disease, Poverty by Veena Das Lesley Jo Weaver Veena Das, Affliction: Health, Disease, Poverty. New York: Fordham University Press, 2015. 272 pp. Affliction: Health, Disease, Poverty takes head-on the ambitious project of understanding, as author Veena Das says, “what is going on” (xi) with health, disease, and poverty in the low-income neighborhoods in Delhi where she has worked since 1999. This is no small task, and thanks to Das’s subtle and persistent attention to the details of life in this milieu, she largely succeeds. The work evocatively conveys what experiences of illness are like for the individuals and families profiled, and does not force resolutions to the often downright unresolvable circumstances of poverty in which her informants live. In Affliction, no answers or neat conclusions come easily; in fact, one of the book’s most important insights is that there is no tidy conclusion to be made about the persistent, unrelenting, and everyday suffering under which Das’s informants live. Affliction comprises an introduction, seven body chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction and first chapter sketch the contours of the longitudinal morbidity study in three neighborhoods of Delhi that serves as the basis for the book. Readers familiar with Das’s other work (e.g., Das and Das 2007) will recognize the study to which she refers here, and it is indeed impressive in its design and scope. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 center around case studies of illness and loss from the perspective of individual sufferers, and Das does an excellent job of demonstrating how far beyond the individual an illness extends—dispersed over people, relationships, health practitioners, and technologies. Chapter 2 tells the story of a young boy who must cope with an uncertain future after his mother’s untimely death from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Chapter 3 profiles a young adult male with mental health problems, and Chapter 4 centers on a man who endures disturbing visitations from a goddess-like entity after [End Page 315] a succession of deaths in the family. These are the most-developed chapters in the book, and as a series of case studies, they hang together nicely. The second half of the book includes three chapters that function less cohesively as a unit, but manage to cover quite a lot of territory. Chapters 5 and 6 address illness and suffering from healthcare providers’ perspectives, the former focusing exclusively on an amil (Muslim healer) with an unusual biography, and the latter focusing on a handful of practitioners with different forms of training. Chapter 6 is especially valuable for its explanation of the veritable constellation of medical degrees and certifications that a practitioner may possess in North India, a vital resource for those working on issues of health and illness in the Subcontinent. Chapter 7, the final and shortest chapter, moves outward in scale to bring some of the individual-, family-, and neighborhood-level analyses presented in the preceding chapters to bear on what Das refers to as the “expert discourses” (185) of global health. This foray into the applied facets of Das’s work is a welcome anchor to her prose, though it is less developed than it might be. It hints at (although does not fully do justice to) the elements of Das’s work that are more geared toward a public health audience. Affliction reads in some ways like an intricate theoretical experiment. It is very much an extension of Das’s earlier work (Das 1996, 2007; Das and Das 2007) where she first began developing a theory of what she refers to as “everyday” or “unremarkable” suffering. In her typical style, Das draws widely on philosophy, psychology, economics, and even architectural references to make her points. This literary synesthesia establishes a sweeping theoretical framework that is able to tackle the complexities of everyday suffering at multiple structural levels. For instance, Chapter 3 (one of my favorites) introduces Swapan, a young adult male with probable bipolar disorder who becomes violent with his mother and younger sister. His mother explains his behavior as a form of bewitchment by their estranged affinal relatives or, perhaps, by a demon, while Swapan himself traces his outbursts to his...

Multi-agency gold incident command training for civil emergencies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it will trace, for the first time, the historical events which have progressively influenced emergency training. Second, it will evaluate the design considerations and delivery of strategic training to participants attending a multi-agency gold incident command programme. Finally, it will make recommendations about the suitability of training approaches for different aspects of emergency training. Design/methodology/approach – This research used a mixed methods study design involving a longitudinal literature review of disasters which influenced training; and a case study of multi-agency training. Findings – Guidance for major incidents developed in a relatively ad hoc manner until consolidated by the Civil Contingencies Act (2004). In addition, health and safety considerations prevent on-the-job training during major incidents. Furthermore, different forms of training would appear to be more suited to training for the different stages of a major incident. Research limitations/implications – The European Union delegates responsibility for emergency planning to individual nations. Although the findings relate to this UK case study the lessons learned would appear to be generic and may be applicable in other countries. Practical implications – Emergency training is a statutory requirement and therefore needs to be systematically organised. Different types of training are suited to different stages of a major incident. Social implications – Emergency training is a statutory requirement and therefore needs to be systematically organised. Different types of training are suited to different stages of a major incident. Originality/value – This is the first paper charting the historical development of emergency training. There is a limited base of literature for emergency training.

PRZETWARZANIE STRUKTURY CZASOWEJ SYGNAŁU U MUZYKÓW I NIE-MUZYKÓW

BackgroundTemporal processing abilities are important for speech perception, and they are generally superior in musicians than in non-musicians. Since there are many different training methods used to develop musical expertise (e.g. vocal or instrumental), these differences could lead to varying temporal processing abilities of acoustic signals. The current study aims to see if there are any differences in temporal processing abilities between violinists and vocalists.Material and MethodsFour different psychoacoustic tests – gap detection threshold (GDT), duration discrimination test (DDT), duration pattern test (DPT), and the modulation detection threshold for sinusoidally amplitude-modulated noise (SAM) at six different modulation frequencies – were used to assess differences in temporal processing abilities between 15 trained violinists and 15 trained vocalists. The results were compared with a group of 15 non-musicians.ResultsMusicians, both violinists and vocalists, always performed significantly better (p<0.01) than non-musicians in all 4 psychoacoustic tests. Vocalists performed equal to or slightly better than violinists in GDT and at 5/6 modulation frequencies in modulation detection threshold for SAM noise test, although the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsAlthough vocalists and instrumentalists undergo different forms of training in terms of the sound they produce and the sound qualities they need to perceive, the training does not lead to any major difference in their temporal processing abilities of acoustic signals.

Physical training prevents depressive symptoms and a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Parkinson's disease.

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is commonly found in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Many studies have suggested that physical exercise can have an antidepressant effect by increasing the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and may also prevent neurodegenerative disease. However, different forms of training may promote different changes in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two types of physical training on depressive-like behavior, and on the levels of proBDNF, BDNF, and its receptor, TrkB, in a mouse model of PD. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 60 days of exercise: either running on a treadmill or performing a strength exercise. PD was induced by striatal administration of 6-OHDA 24h after the last physical exercise session. Seven days after 6-OHDA injection, depressive-like behavior and apomorphine-induced rotational behavior were evaluated. The levels of proBDNF, BDNF, and TRKB were measured in the striatum and the hippocampus of mice by immunoblotting assay. The 6-OHDA-treated animals showed a significant increase in immobility time and rotational behavior compared with the control group. In addition, significant decreases in the levels of proBDNF, BDNF, and its receptor, TrkB were observed in the 6-OHDA group. Both types of physical exercise prevented depressive-like behavior and restored the levels of proBDNF, BDNF, and TrkB in the striatum and hippocampus of mice administered 6-OHDA. Our results demonstrate that exercise training was effective for neuroprotection in the striatum and the hippocampus in an experimental model of PD.