Different Forms Of Behavior Research Articles

Modeling Morality-Based Argumentation for Believable Game Characters: A Design Postmortem

An ability to morally reason is crucial to the believability of many fictional characters, from Jane Austen’s heroines to the denizens of The Good Place. These works often foreground the complexity of moral questions and the circumstances un- der which different forms of behavior might be justified. Morality is also foregrounded in many games, from Black and White to Mass Effect 3. Yet, most in-game characters judge other characters (or the player) based on a single reputation scale or binary values of right and wrong. There has been little exploration in games of the relationship between char- acter values and beliefs and moral reasoning. In keeping with this year’s conference theme, “Oh the Humanity,” this design postmortem paper describes the design and development of Argument Box, a model of moral argumentation and reason- ing based on Lakoff’s metaphor theory of moral politics. We describe our design approach, iterations, and authoring con- cerns — covering what went right and wrong in our attempts to model morality-based argumentation for believable game characters.

TURKISH COMMUNITY’S VACCINE HESITANCY: A COMMUNITY-BASED RESEARCH

Vaccination, which has played an active role in reducing or eliminating epidemics in the historical process, has been met with resistance by some individuals for various reasons. This resistance includes different forms of behavior called anti-vaccine, ranging from being against some vaccines to rejecting all vaccines. In this study, it was aimed to examine the change in the level of anti-vaccination, which tends to increase worldwide during the covid-19 period, depending on socio-demographic variables. In the study, it was questioned whether there was a significant difference between the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, their covid-19, experiences, and the scores they got from the Anti-Vaccination Scale. At the end of the analysis, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the total score of the anti-vaccine scale and the anti-vaccination levels according to the gender, marital status, presence of chronic disease, and covid-19 experiences of the participants. On the other hand, it was observed that there were differences in the levels of anti-vaccination depending on age, education level, income status, and several children. It is among the results of the research that the level of opposition to vaccination is high among younger individuals, with lower educational levels and income levels, and hesitations towards vaccination are justified due to the increase in the number of children.

Global environmental equities and investor sentiment: the role of social media and Covid-19 pandemic crisis

According to researchers, information generated from social media provides useful data for understanding the behaviour of various types of financial assets, using the sentiment expressed by these network users as an explanatory variable of asset prices. In a context in which investment based on sustainability and environmental preservation values is vital, there is no known scientific work that analyses the relationship between social networks and environmental investment, which is closely related to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In this study, we aim to identify how investor sentiment, generated from social networks, influences environmental investment and whether this influence depends on the time variable, as well the role of the pandemic crisis and the Russia-Ukraine war. Our results show different forms of behaviour for the different periods considered, with the proximity between the two types of variables being time-varying. For shorter periods, proximity occurred mainly during the pandemic crisis, repeatedly revealing that sentiment is a risk factor in environmental investment and in particular how important the information generated from social networks can be in pricing environmental assets. For longer periods, no common stochastic trends were identified. The mechanisms generating the series are thus characterised by a certain autonomy.

Presence of morphological integration and modularity of the forcipular apparatus in Lithobius melanops (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae)

The presence of morphological integration and modularity of the forcipular apparatus, despite its evolutionary significance, has not been analyzed in centipedes. This morphological structure has a crucial role in feeding and defense, thanks to its poisonous part (forcipules), which is important for catching the prey. The aims of our study were: i) to test the hypothesis of modularity of the forcipular apparatus in centipede Lithobius melanops; and ii) to investigate the influence of allometry on overall morphological integration in the aforementioned species using a geometric morphometric approach. The presence of fluctuating asymmetry was obtained by Procrustes ANOVA. Allometry was significant only for the symmetric component of the forcipular apparatus. The modularity hypothesis was not accepted, because the covariance coefficients for symmetric and asymmetric components were lower than 89.5% and 72.1% (respectively) of other RV coefficients obtained by a random contiguous partition of the forcipular apparatus. Results of the present study indicate that allometry does increase the level of morphological integration in the forcipular apparatus. According to our results, the forcipular coxosternite and forcipules could not be considered as separate modules; namely, they probably share similar developmental pathways and function in different forms of behavior and survival in L. melanops.

Non-formal social ties as threat to the implementation of innovations

This paper aims to provide novel insights about the barrier associated with organizational development, namely, resistance to new management practices implementation which emerges from tightly knit social networks – the “blat”. We follow claims for more empirical studies as we provide Social Network Analysis to present a real-life study of how blat networks of operational management lead to the failure of digital transformation attempt at the Russian metallurgical enterprise. We analyzed underlying forces, but deliberately stayed away from developing theories from our case. The close association with CEO allowed us to benefit from the rich and deep “local knowledge” and present case that provided valuable insights into different forms of behavior of line management and the social dynamics at the time of digital transformation attempt.

Influence of Rank Stress on Behavior and Blood Indicators of A Young Horse

The hierarchical structure in the community of young horses of the Hanoverian breed was studied, the social ranks of individuals were determined, the analysis of the behavioral repertoire of animals and the blood composition of horses occupying different hierarchical positions in the group was carried out. The influence of the hierarchical rank of animals on the ratio of different forms of behavior, as well as the effect of rank stress on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood of horses, was established. In the dominant individual, the proportion of such forms of behavior as exploratory activity, play activity and inactive forms of behavior is higher than in horses with a lower social status. The concentration of total protein, albumin and globulin fractions, as well as glucose, urea and creatinine, the activity of a number of enzymes (AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase) in the blood, as well as the red and white blood counts of low-ranking horses indicate an increased activity of the sympatho-adrenal system due to stress, experienced in competitive relationships in a group.

Middle power behavior under multipolarity: Indonesia and Malaysia in the Middle East since the Arab uprisings

AbstractHow do middle powers operate in uncertain multipolar international systems? Through the cases of Malaysia and Indonesia, the article examines their approach in the Middle East after the Arab uprisings. Particular reference is given to their actions in three main areas: the Gulf (especially relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran), the Syrian war (and its blowback in terms of domestic radicalization), and the Palestinian‐Israeli conflict. While the two middle powers’ behavior demonstrated all three possible modes—whether to support, push back or stand apart—what distinguished them was their timing: under multipolarity these different forms of behavior occurred concurrently, in contrast to a more sequenced approach under (global) unipolarity and bipolarity. The findings point to Malaysian and Indonesian actions as examples of “hedging” whereby states seek good relations with all and minimize the risk of problematic entanglements.

DEVELOPED EMPATHETIC CAPACITIES AS A PREREQUISITE FOR QUALITY INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN A SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

The specific issue of the quality of educational process requires a quality school environment, which can be observed at several levels: first of all, through quality interpersonal relationships, and then through quality curricula and syllabi and the ecology of the school environment (Relja, 2006). A quality school atmosphere is based not only on а humane/altruistic approach to students but also on the satisfied teacher, who is characterised by a number of positive qualities, as well as on the equally satisfied student, who cultivates positive feelings towards the authority of their teachers, towards the school itself, and towards the educational process in general. Good quality relationships between people are based on empathy, which is an ability to relate to the feelings of other people. It is via empathy that the teacher, however briefly, puts on their students' shoes and thereby feels the same emotions, which is what actually allows them to truly understand their students' feelings, actions, and problems and to respond positively to them. In doing so, they show a full understanding of their needs directed towards the well-being of students. Empathy includes both cognitive and emotional components and, therefore, in the process of empathising, knowledge and emotions interact. As most authors consider it to be a regulator of different forms of behaviour, especially within the context of altruistic behaviour (Batson, Duncan, Ackerman, Buckley, and Birch, 1981), empathy represents very important kind of motivation for altruism, given the degree of emotional unity established, which is a prerequisite for effective and sincere interaction between people and an initiator of a close understanding of another person's emotional world.

Different forms of behaviour connected with health which are used in public health care

It is important to use different forms of behaviour while planning the programs of public health care referred to interventions to health-related behaviour. In this article, the main forms and theories of healthy behaviour will be considered, by using them separately or in conjunction, we can build the strategies of public health care. The interpretative forms and forms based on theories, procedural or step-by-step forms and planning forms will be described.

From My Arm Rising to Me Raising It: a Taxonomy of Behaviors and Actions

AbstractHuman behavior can range from automatic and even unconscious bodily movements to very elaborate and rational decisions. In this paper I develop a taxonomy based on the empirical analysis of the phenomenology associated with selected instances of different forms of behavior. The transition from sub-actional behavior to proper actions is shown to take place when the agent intervenes actively in the causal process leading from her mental states to the bodily movement by exercising her power to form intentions to act. It is argued that this type of analysis could be helpful to agent-causal accounts of action and free will.

Behaviour of domesticrabbits during 2weeks after weaning.

Thirty three rabbits from five litters that were weaned at the age of 5 weeks were observed. The animals were kept in pens that were enriched with an elevation made of bricks. In total, 150 h of observations made at feeding time (07:30–10:00 and 18:00–20:30 LT, local time) were analysed. A number of affiliative, exploratory, comfort, eating, resting and locomotor behaviours were observed. Agonistic behaviour was not observed. Rabbits showed companion and location preferences: 56 % of animals had a preferred companion, and 84 % preferred a particular place in the pen. Significant effects of group size and time of day on the frequency of some forms of behaviour were found, e.g. rabbits performed comfort behaviours more often in the morning. Sex did not influence the rabbits' behaviour. Correlations were also found between different forms of behaviour, e.g. animals that performed more exploratory behaviours also showed more locomotor behaviours and affiliative interactions.

From Evolutive Paranoia, by August Wimmer (1902).

Literature on the history of 'paranoia' (as a clinical concept) is large and confusing. This is partly explained by the fact that over the centuries the word 'paranoia' has been made to participate in several convergences (clinical constructs), and hence it has named different forms of behaviour and been linked to different explanatory concepts. The Classic Text that follows provides information on the internal clinical evolution of the last convergence in which 'paranoia' was made to participate. August Wimmer maps the historical changes of ' Verrücktheit' as it happened within the main European psychiatric traditions since the early 19th century. After World War II, that clinical profile was to become reified and renamed as 'delusional disorder'.

Provocation in the Workplace: A Qualitative Analysis of Published Arbitration Decisions

Workplace violence has become a serious concern for managers and unions. This study examined provocation, a precursor to aggression and retaliation, using a grounded theory approach to evaluate a set of published arbitration decisions. The qualitative analysis identified different forms of behavior that provoked targets, as well as the targets’ emotional and behavioral responses to the provocation. In addition, analysis of the arbitrators’ decision provides a rich source of information on the key factors that can improve management decision making and union responses to these difficult disciplinary issues. Implications of the findings for future research are also discussed.

The role of gut hormones in appetite regulation (review).

Eating process is an aggregate of complex and different forms of behavior. Its regulation is based on energy homeostasis and appetite control which includes two components: the homeostatic and the hedonistic control. Important signals in appetite regulation are gut-derived hormones. They are produced by enteroendocrine cells in response to nutrient and energy intake, and achieve their effects by influencing brain structures involved in food intake regulation. The key brain structure involved in this process is the hypothalamus. Gut hormones reach the hypothalamus from the circulation or by the vagal nerve via the nucleus of the solitary tract. Among gut peptides, ghrelin is the only orexigenic hormone, leading to an increase in food intake and body weight. All others, such as cholecystokinin, glucagon like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine or pancreatic polypeptide, are anorexigenic, leading to decrease in food intake. Also, gut-derived endocannabinoids exert orexigenic effect on appetite. Keeping in mind the growing problem of obesity, the crucial issue when considering gut derived peptides is to understand their mechanisms of acting because of potential role in clinical therapy, and discovering long-lasting gut peptides or their analogues, with no or minimal side effects.

From norms to macro-norms? The translation of classics seen in a global, diachronic framework

Abstract – Recently, Descriptive Translation Studies has been busying itself with single case studies rather than general surveys, with individual translations rather than normative tendencies. Ostensibly, this has been done in an attempt at avoiding the pitfalls of excessive ‘globalism’, and in order to shift the focus from the pressures exerted by society to the contributions given by translators, each according to his/her habitus . While recognizing the value of these ‘localizing’ studies, the present article argues that there is still scope within the discipline for developing universal concepts capable of connecting different forms of behaviour. Whenever the translation scholar aims at describing a field rather than an individual effort, it may be useful, and indeed necessary, to extend Toury’s concept of ‘translation norms’ both synchronically and diachronically. In the field of classical translation, in particular, the significance of single contributions may be lost if it is not seen in the context of international tendencies with deep historical roots – what the author proposes to call ‘macro-norms’. Keywords : Descriptive Translation Studies, classics, comparative literature, norms, macro-norms

Understanding children's engagement with interpretation at a cultural heritage museum

This study aims to investigate how, and the extent to which, different interpretation techniques (e.g. visual, verbal and interactive) at a cultural heritage museum affect children's behaviour, associated with their engagement with interpretive materials and their understanding of the content and its key ideas and messages presented as cultural lessons. An exploratory study with classes of primary-school-aged children, adopting a qualitative method including observation and post-visit in-depth interviews, was carried out. The results did not indicate any discernible difference between the types of interpretation technique used, with regard to their interaction with the site, or their understanding of the museum's content. Rather, it is the circumstances under which the interpretation techniques were used by the children. Two main variations in the way that the children interacted with their peers and the interpretation were found to affect the level of understanding of different stories, and female and male children showed generalised preferences for different forms of behaviour. How these behavioural patterns impacted on their understanding of the interpretation and meanings of the displayed objects at the museum is discussed.

Uloga leptina u regulaciji neuronske aktivnosti povezane sa kontrolom ishrane

The process of eating is a set of complex and different forms of behavior. Its regulation is based up on appetite control and one of the important factors in that system is leptin, a peptide hormone primarily synthesized in the adipose tissue. Leptin levels, besides the amount of fat tissue in the body, depend on: food intake, sex, age, physical activity and glucose up-take. In addition, leptin secretion displays circadian rhythm. The effects of this hormone are mediated via leptin receptors, which are distributed in the central nervous system and several other tissues. Activation of the receptors initiates a cascade of several signaling pathways, of which JAK2/STAT3 is the most important pathway in the process of feeding regulation and energy homeostasis. Leptin controls energy balance and body weight by activating leptin receptors in the hypothalamus, and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is the main site of its action. Within that nucleus, leptin stimulates the activity of anorexigenic POMC/CART neurons and inhibits the activity of orexigenic AgRP/NPY neurons. In addition, leptin regulates the expression of (an)orexigenic neuropeptides in the ventromedial, paraventricular nucleus and in the lateral hypothalamus. Bearing these facts in mind, studies that were conducted have shown that leptin may have its place in the treatment of obesity, since its application leads to a significant reduction in body weight in animals and in people with a deficit of this hormone. This has led to the development of clinically appropriate product leptin, which has entered the third phase of clinical trial.

Creative Impact Measure of Cros – Cultural Managerial Apects

Abstract The world today is characterized by intercultural diversity. More and more communication takes place between people with different linguistic as well as cultural backgrounds. This happens because of contacts within the areas of business, science, education etc. but also because of immigration brought about by labour shortage or unstable political situation. The globalisation of the economy with increased appreciation by companies that managing cultural differences properly can be a key factor in getting things done effectively across borders. With increased contact of personnel and customers from diverse cultural background, there is a growing demand for businesses to understand and manage the diverse values, perceptions, business worldviews and behaviour of corporations, staff, and its customer. Intercultural communication and management is an interdisciplinary human resources field concerned with faciliting communication, management and effective interaction of personnel and customers across borders. The starting point for understanding consumer behaviour is really important. Marketing and environmental stimuls enter the consumer’s conscioussnes, and set of psychological processes combine with certain consumer characteristics to resault in decision processes and purchase decision. The marketer’s task is to understand what happened in the consumer’s consciousness between the arrival of the outside marketing stimuli and the ultimate purchasedecision. Four psychological processes are motivation, perception, learning and also memroy, fundamentaly influence consumer responses. Understanding consumer behaviour may often be complicated since many different factors influence the behaviour and sicnce many different forms of behaviour exist. Paper describe fuzzy concept for evaluation of some cros-cultural impact and compare it with other type of measurements presented in literature.

Anxiolytic action of neuromedin-U and neurotransmitters involved in mice

Peptide Neuromedin-U (NmU) is widely distributed in the central nervous system and the peripheral tissues. Its physiological effects include the regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature, and the inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The action of NmU in rats is mediated by two G-protein-coupled receptors, NmU-1R and NmU-2R. NmU-2R is present mainly in the brain, and NmU-1R mainly in the periphery. Despite the great variety of the physiological action of NmU, little is known about its possible effects in different forms of behavior, such as anxiety. In the present work, NmU-23 (the rodent form of the peptide) was tested for its effect on anxiety in elevated plus maze test in mice. For detection of the possible involvement of neurotransmitters, the mice were pretreated with receptor blockers: haloperidol (a D2, dopamine receptor antagonist), propranolol (a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist), atropine (a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist), phenoxybenzamine (a nonselective α-adrenergic receptor antagonist) or nitro-l-arginine (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). The peptide and nitro-l-arginine were administered into the lateral brain ventricle, while the receptor blockers were applied intraperitoneally.An NmU-23 dose 0.5μg elicited anxiolytic action, whereas this action is faded away when the dose was increased. For further testing therefore 0.5μg i.c.v. was used. Propranolol and atropine fully blocked the NmU-induced anxiolytic action, while haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine and nitro-l-arginine were ineffective.The results suggest that β-adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms are involved in the anxiolytic action of NmU.

Effects of prenatal irradiation on behaviour and hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats

Prenatal irradiation is known to have aversive effects on the brain development, manifested in changes in some behavioural parameters in adult individuals. The aim of our work was to assess the effect of prenatal irradiation on different forms of behaviour and on hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. Pregnant female rats were irradiated with a dose of 1 Gy of gamma rays on the 16th day of gravidity. The progeny of irradiated and control animals aged 3 months were tested in Morris water maze (MWM), open field (OF) and in elevated plus maze test (PM). The prenatal irradiation negatively influenced the short-term spatial memory in MWM in female rats, although the long-term memory was not impaired. A statistically significant increase of basic locomotor activity in OF was observed in irradiated rats. The comfort behaviour was not altered. The results of PM showed an increase of anxiety in irradiated females. The level of hippocampal neurogenesis, assessed as the number of cells labelled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine in the area of gyrus dentatus, was not statistically different in irradiated rats. Our results indicate, that prenatal irradiation with a low dose of gamma-rays can affect some innate and learned forms of behaviour in adult rats. We did not confirm a relation of behavioural changes to the changes of hippocampal neurogenesis.