Different Doses Of Organic Fertilizers Research Articles

Influence of different doses of organic fertilizer from poultry fertilizer pellets on melon and cucumber crops

Influence of different doses of organic fertilizer from poultry fertilizer pellets on melon and cucumber crops

Do organic fertilization and azospirillum brasilense influence radish cultivation?

ABSTRACT The association of conventional fertilizers with fertilizers of organic origin is a well-known practice in agriculture for achieving high productivity and also with the adoption of inoculants, composed of bacteria for promoting better plant development of crops. Thus, the objective of the work was to investigate the growth and productivity of radish with organic fertilization and the influence of the use of nitrogen fixing bacteria of the genus Azospirillum spp. radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Hybrid Margaret Queen. The treatments were the use of different doses of organic fertilizer and the application of Azospirillum brasilense, besides the control. At the end of the cycle, plant height, tuber diameter, tuber fresh mass, tuber dry mass, and total tuber fresh mass were evaluated. With and without application of A. brasilense, increases of 16.5% and 6.40% in tuber diameter were obtained, respectively. Without application of A. brasilense, there was an increase of 0.37% in leaf dry mass when the maximum concentration of 8 kg m² of organic fertilizer was used. For root fresh mass and root dry mass, with foliar application of A. brasilense, there was an increase of 9.57% and 0.67%, while without A. brasilense there was an increase of 2.43% and 0.22%. There were increases of 12.83% for total fresh mass with the management of A. brasilense and 3.4% without A. brasilense, using the maximum concentration of 8 kg m² of organic fertilizer. For height, there was an increase of 5.12% without A. brasilense. It was concluded that organic fertilization alone or combined with A. brasilense is an alternative in radish production. KEYWORDS: Raphanus sativus L; organic fertilization; Productivity; Vegetables.

ЛАЙЛЫ ТҰНБАЛАРДЫҢ ӘРТҮРЛІ ДОЗАЛАРЫНЫҢ КӨГАЛ ӨСІМДІКТЕРІНІҢ ЖЕР ҮСТІ МАССАСЫНА ЖӘНЕ ТОПЫРАҚТЫҢ САПАСЫНА ӘСЕРІ

In this article, the effect of applying different doses of organic fertilizers obtained from city sewage sludge to lawn plants is studied: 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, 15 t/ha. During the study, the influence of different doses of sewage sludge on the chemical composition of the soil, biological activity and green mass of lawn plants was considered. The nature of changes in the indicators of nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in the soil was directly dependent on the dose of sewage sludge in different periods of lawn growth. When applying 10 and 15 t/ha of sewage sludge, the microbiological activity of the soil increased, an increase in the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil by 2-2.5 times was observed. Cellulosic activity also increased with an increase in the dose of sewage sludge. The microbiological activity of the soil reached 80% in the variant with the application of 15 t/ha of organic fertilizer, while the indicator of the control variant was only 5%. The average value of the green mass of lawns for the variant of 10 t/ha was higher than the control in 2 times, and 15 t/ha – in 2.5 times. As a result, it was determined that 10 t/ha and 15 t/ha are the most optimal for the growth of lawn plants.

ҚҰС САҢҒЫРЫҒЫНАН ЖАСАЛҒАН ОРГАНИКАЛЫҚ ТЫҢАЙТҚЫШТЫҢ ӘРТҮРЛІ ДОЗАЛАРЫНЫҢ МАЙЛЫ ЗЫҒЫР МЕН АРПА ТҰҚЫМЫНЫҢ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ САПАСЫНА ӘСЕРІ

This article studied the effect of different doses of organic fertilizers from poultry manure on the technological quality of barley and oilseed flax seeds. The technological properties of the seeds were determined in accordance with generally accepted methods. All the obtained results were subjected to one-factor variance statistical processing. Under the influence of various doses of organic fertilizers, the protein content in flax seeds increased by 10-12% relative to the control and showed a statistically significant positive result (F: 51.082; p<0.05). The fat content of flax increased by 0.41-0.605% compared to the control. The effect of organic fertilizer on the iodine number and the amount of polyunsaturated linolenic and linoleic acids of flaxseed was not observed. 5 t/ha of bird droppings was selected as the dose that best affected the technological quality of flax seeds. The content of raw protein in dry matter in barley seeds increased by 0.37% compared to the control variant, the fat content - up to 1%. The mass fraction of ash showed an increase relative to the control by 8.1-18.8%. The increase in the quality of barley seeds was most optimally influenced by a dose of bird droppings of 15 t/ha. The effect of various doses of organic fertilizers from poultry manure on the mass fraction of crude fiber, on the indicators of nitrogen-free extractives was determined within the control variant.

Application of Fish Waste Fertilizer on the Growth of Maize (Zea mays)

Corn is an important cereal in the world and widely used as human consumption, livestock feed and even as raw material for industrial purposes. A study was carried out on the effect of fish waste fertilizer (FWF) on the growth of maize at UiTM Jasin Campus, Malacca. The experiment was carried out by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) based on 5 treatments and 5 replications. The control treatment (T1) was 100% of NPK fertilizer, treatment 2 (T2) was 30% of NPK + 70% FWF, treatment 3 (T3) was 50% of NPK + FWF, treatment 4 (T4) was 70% of NPK + 30% FWF and treatment 5 (T5) was 100% FWF. The corn variety used was Leckat 592 and different doses of organic fertilizer were applied 5 times. The parameters used in this study were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth and chlorophyll content. In this experiment, treatment 3 (50% of NPK + FWF) and treatment 4 (70% of NPK + 30% FWF) showed significant difference in leaf area and stem girth parameters, respectively. However, there are no significant differences of the treatments on plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content. NPK fertilizer showed the highest mean numbers for the three parameters. Thus, from this study, combination of NPK fertilizer with fish waste fertilizer showed some significant in the growth of corn.

Do biofertilizers affect nodulation ability and pod production in peanut genotypes?

Peanuts are an important legume for the Northeastern Brazilian market, but their production in this region is low. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer doses on peanut nodulation and production components, to define the best dose and genotype. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design (DBC) in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, with three replications. The treatments consisted of two evaluation factors: 1) Fertilization via different doses of organic fertilizer applied to the substrate (D1 = 0mL; D2 = 500mL; and D3 = 1000mL); and 2) Peanut genotypes (BR-1, UNI43 and UNI08). The following traits were assessed: number of nodules per plant (NNP), number of mature pods (NVM), pod mass per plant (MVP), seed mass per plant (MSP) and root length (CR). Peanut production is affected by fertilization via bovine biofertilizer, mainly for the components NVM, MVP and MSP. Besides, nodulation is a likely conditioner. The 1000mL dose proved to be the best treatment for the traits analyzed, and UNI08 accession, the most responsive material.

Soil management practices in coffee-based agroforestry systems within Universitas Brawijaya Forest impact on maintaining soil carbon stock

Farmer fertilization practices is one of effort on climate change mitigation and determine environmental services of agroforestry systems especially soil carbon stocks. The research aimed to assess soil carbon stock in smallholder agroforestry systems within Universitas Brawijaya (UB) Forest, East Java. The study was conducted on two different types of fertilizer application (e.g., organic, mixed organic and inorganic fertilizer) with three different doses of organic fertilizer (e.g., 5, 10, 15 kg tree−1) and 3 replications of each, totalling 18 plots. At each plot, soil sample was collected at fertilized and unfertilized areas with a depth 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, then measured total organic C, soil bulk density, soil pH, and soil carbon stocks. Application of mixed fertilizer had 19-42 % lower of soil organic C as compared to those in application of organic fertilizer, resulted in decrease of soil carbon stock around 15-41 % at a depth 0-40 cm. In addition, the increases dose of organic fertilizer application up to 15 kg tree−1 decreased soil bulk density at 0-20 cm depth of soil around 8-10% as compared to dose 5 and 10 kg tree−1. Our study suggested to optimize fertilization practices for maintaining soil fertility and its relationship to coffee production.

Incidence of potato green aphid and Lyriomiza sp. in radish plants grown on different levels of organic fertilizer

Radish is a short cycle horticultural product from family Brassicaceae. Between the insects found on radish leaves, potato green aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is one of the main pests of this culture, causing economic damage. Synthetic fertilizers used in conventional crops can promote changes in the pattern of amino acids in plants, leading to a higher insect damage. The source of fertilization is one of the factors that could influence in the incidence of pests. The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence of potato green aphid and other pests on radish plants grown with different doses of organic fertilizer. The experiment was carried under semi-field conditions, in Fortaleza (Ceará State). A completely randomized design was used, with six replicates. The treatments consisted of five doses of organic compost (0; 45; 60; 75; 90 t.ha-1). For the population survey of pests and natural enemies, counts were made in three evaluations (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). The counting data were subjected to deviance analysis using a generalized linear model (GLM). It was observed significant differences in the number of adults M. persicae in the treatments of 75 and 90 t.ha-1. Presence of leafminer (Lyriomiza sp.) was observed on plants without and with the lower doses of organic fertilizer. Even using organic fertilizers that promote a slower liberation of nutrients, high incidence of pests (Mainly M. persicae) was observed on radish plants.

DEVELOPMENT AND MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VETIVER GRASS UNDER DIFFERENT DOSES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER

ABSTRACT The use of organic fertilizers facilitates the production of plant species compared to industrial fertilizers, with a remarkable contribution to soil and water conservation through soil structuring. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) is widely used in soil bioengineering projects to stabilize slopes, increasing the resistance of the soil to shear strength. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the development of vetiver grass at different doses of organic fertilizer on soil stabilization. An experimental test was carried out in a greenhouse, in pots, using the following doses of organic fertilizer: T0-0 g (control); T1-135 g; T2-270 g and T3-405 g of organic fertilizer. Shoot Dry Matter (SDM), Root Dry Matter (RDM), Root Length (RL), Number of Tillers per Plant (NT) and Plant Height (PH) were evaluated. The collected data were submitted to regression analysis at 5% probability. The analysed variables showed increasing values as greater amounts of organic fertilizer, leading to an increase in soil nutrient availability and, consequently, to improved plant development.

Attributes of the soil with cactus pear under organic fertilization, different spacings and sampling times

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil cultivated with ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under different doses of organic fertilizer, planting spacings and sampling times. Four doses of organic fertilizer with bovine manure (0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1), three spacings (1.0 x 0.5, 2.0 x 0.25 and 3.0 x 1.0 x 0.25 m) and three sampling times (0, 390 and 600 days after planting) corresponding to the periods prior to planting, growth and harvest of the first cycle, were evaluated in a randomized block design in a 4 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme, with three repetitions. The pH in water, macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg), micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), variables of the soil sorption complex (H + Al, SB, CEC, T, V) and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. Organic fertilization increased the values of SOM, P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CEC, T and V and reduced H + Al in soils cultivated with ‘Gigante’ cactus pear at different times. The doses of manure increased pH and Mn, regardless of sampling time and spacing. The spacings did not influence the chemical attributes of the soil.

Study on the NPK Uptake and Growth of Rice under Two different Cropping Systems with different Doses of Organic Fertilizer in the Imogiri Subdistrict, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

Study on the NPK Uptake and Growth of Rice under Two different Cropping Systems with different Doses of Organic Fertilizer in the Imogiri Subdistrict, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and soil properties

A Greenhouse experiment was conducted to identify the suitable dose of organic fertilizer for lettuce production. Different doses of organic fertilizer (6.5, 13 and 26 t ha-1) and the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDCF) as standard were selected for this experiment. Application of 13 t ha-1 organic fertilizer significantly increased leaf size (length and breadth) of lettuce. This treatment also increased 14, 25, 21, 32, 24, 27, 36 and 168% fresh weight, dry weight, N, P, K, Ca, Mg & Na uptake over RDCF, respectively. Organic matter content was increased of 17.79, 43.82 and 89.89% in 6.5, 13 and 26 t ha-1 organic fertilizer treated plots respectively over recommended dose of chemical fertilizers. Data also indicated that organic fertilizer @ 26 t ha-1 resulted in significant increase in pH, total nitrogen (24%), organic matter (90%) and Zn (29%) compared to RDCF and decreased electrical conductivity, mineral nitrogen (NH4 +-N & NO3 --N) and cadmium and lead (Cd & Pb) in soil. Positive and significant correlation was observed on yield and yield attributes of lettuce and soil nitrogen, organic matter with pH, total nitrogen with mineral nitrogen and negative correlation was found with applied organic fertilizer with cadmium and lead. Based on these results, organic fertilizer @ 13 t ha-1 without chemical fertilizer could be recommended to increase lettuce yield as well as mitigate heavy metals in soil.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 93-102 (2017)

Response of Organic & Inorganic Fertilizers to the Growth, Yield and Soil Nutrient Status in Tomato (Lycopersion esculentum)

The study was conducted at National Tea & High value crops Research Institute, Shinkiari during 2015-16. The objective of the experiment was to find out the most effective and economical organic & inorganic fertilizer for successive growth of tomato. The variety transplanted was SAHIL. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with 3 replications. Different doses of organic fertilizer and inorganic applied per ha were T1 Control, T2 NPK @100:80:60 kg, T3 Farm Yard Manure @ 20 MT, T4 Farm Yard Manure @ 10 MT + NPK @ 50:40:30 kg, T5 Farm Yard Manure @ 15 MT+ NPK@ 75:60:40 kg, T6 Poultry Manure @ 10 MT, T7 Poultry Manure @ 5 MT+ NPK @ 50:40:30 kg, T8 Poultry Manure @ 7.5 MT+ NPK @ 75:60:40 kg, T9 Farm Yard Manure @ 10 MT+ Poultry Manure @ 5 MT+ NPK@ 50:40:30 kg,. Organic manures in the form of Farm Yard Manure and Poultry manure were applied by side dressing after transplantation while half dose of chemical fertilizers of the total amount was applied at the start of the experiment and the remaining half was applied after 1st irrigation. The observations in respect to increment in plant height, number of branches, number of fruits, fresh fruit weight, total soluble solids, soil pH and % organic matter recorded. Soil samples representing 0-20 and 20-40 cm deep soil analyzed for soil pH, organic matter having soil pH 6.25 & 6.00 respectively& organic matter 2.90% & 0.13 % respectively. It was observed that plant height, number of branches, number of fruits, fresh fruit weight and total soluble solids recorded per plant significantly increased with increment of fertilizer dose. However, soil pH slightly increased with application of fertilizer while organic matter also increased with increasing fertilizer rate but remained unchanged in all the treatments.

Pengelolaan Genangan Air Dangkal untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Padi dengan Kerangka Kerja System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

Sekarang ini, isu kelangkaan air, harga pupuk yang tinggi, dan dampak negatif dari penggunaan bahan kimia yang tinggi pada bidang pertanian sedang berkembang, sehingga memerlukan peningkatkan efisiensi pada budidaya padi. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian, SRI merupakan pendekatan yang menjanjikan. Pot percobaan dilakukan dengan kerangka kerja SRI dengan variasi irigasi tergenang (CF), sedikit air (SWD), dan kapasitas lapang (FC); diinteraksikan dengan empat dosis pemupukan organik yang berbeda (F 100, F 50, F 0, dan LF). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengelolaan air dan pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Eh tanah berbeda nyata di antara tiga pengelolaan air (p

Adubação orgânica e mineral em melissa

A melissa (Melissa officinalis) é uma planta medicinal comumente usada como calmante e ingerida na forma de chá. Para otimizar sua produção, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de esterco bovino, com relação ao fertilizante mineral na produção de biomassa foliar e teor de óleo essencial. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia e no Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. O delineamento estatístico foi de blocos casualisados com seis tratamentos (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 kg m-2 de esterco bovino e 30 g m-2 de NPK 4-14-8), em quatro repetições. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação em equipamento tipo Clevenger modificado. As doses de esterco bovino influenciaram a altura de plantas, massa fresca total e massa seca foliar por planta e por hectare. As duas formas de adubação foram superiores à testemunha para praticamente todas as variáveis, exceto em relação ao comprimento e largura foliar, teor de óleo na matéria seca e fresca foliar. Conclui-se que a melissa responde à adubação orgânica com esterco bovino e adubação mineral para produção de biomassa.

Influence of Manure on Productivity and Quality of a Meadow Of Festuca Rubra L.

Researchers current concerns are to maintain the high floristic biodiversity, enabling sustainable development of natural grasslands in mountain areas. Large surfaces of the Apuseni Mountains are fertilized with organic fertilization (these is the only way of fertilization used by grasslands owners), fact which causes probably the high phytodiversity specific for these area. Grassland management is the one who creates and maintains a high phytodiversity, being able also to reduce it drastically in a short time. This involves research at various levels of intensification in order to determine how productivity and phytodiversity of grassland evolves over time. The first studies conducted in the Apuseni Mountains were aimed to increase production and fodder quality through various technological methods (fertilization with organic fertilizers, amendment, overseeding etc.), without taking into account the specific biodiversity of phytocenosis. Currently the problem is changing radically and in all research actions undertaken is not overlooked the environmental dimension. Through this experience we plan to examine how different doses of organic fertilizers influencing productivity and fitodiversitatea of mountain meadows.

Influence of Genotype and Agrofond on the Quality of Wheat Varieties from Transylvania

The paper presents and analyzes the baking quality indices of indigenous wheat varieties (Arieşan, Apullum and Dumbrava) grown at S.C.D.A. Turda during 2008-2009 crop year, under agrofond influence. Results showed that the genetics and technological factors contribute to change in fairly wide limits of chemical composition of wheat grain. Experiencing the three wheat varieties different doses of organic fertilizers (N50P50K50 kg/ha şi N50P50K50 + N50P30 kg/ha), crude protein values range between 13,73% (N50P50K50 kg/ha ) and 15,78% (N50P50K50 + N50P30 kg/ha) in Arieşan variety, between 12,71% (N50P50K50 kg/ha ) şi 15,13% (N50P50K50 + N50P30 kg/ha) in Apullum variety and between 12,95 (N50P50K50 kg/ha ) şi 15,05% (N50P50K50 + N50P30 kg/ha) in Dumbrava variety. Also the values of wet gluten content varies between 32,55% influenced by N50P50K50 kg/ha and between 37,65% - 39,05% influenced by N50P50K50 + N50P30 kg/ha.

Aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos de melão cultivado sob doses de fertilizantes orgânicos

A produtividade e qualidade do melão cultivado sob doses de fertilizantes orgânicos foram avaliados em experimento realizado de agosto a novembro de 2002 em campos de produção comercial no estado do Ceará. O híbrido de melão AF 646 (sementes Sakata) foi semeado diretamente com espaçamento de dois metros entre linhas e meio metro entre plantas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: 1) 100 g de Ribumin® por metro linear; 2) 150 g de Ribumin® por metro linear 3) 200 g de Ribumin® por metro linear; 4) 1400 g de composto Pole® por metro linear; 5) 700 g de composto Pole® + 100 g Ribumin® por metro linear, respectivamente e 6) testemunha sem adição de composto. Todos os tratamentos foram aplicados um dia antes da semeadura. Após a colheita os frutos foram contados e uma amostra aleatória de quatro frutos por parcela foi retirada para análise no laboratório. As variáveis analisadas foram peso dos frutos (PF), peso estimado da produtividade (PE) diâmetros longitudinal (DL) e transversal dos frutos (DT), espessura de polpa (EP), teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e firmeza de polpa (FP). A produtividade foi calculada com os dados de número de frutos (NF) por parcela e peso médio de frutos. Avaliou-se também o custo de produção. A análise de variância revelou significância para as variáveis PF, PE, DL, EP e SST. As médias do DL e da EP e SST apresentaram diferença significativa entre a testemunha e os demais tratamentos que não diferiram entre si. Apesar de não ter sido constatada diferença estatística significativa entre as médias de produtividade, para os tratamentos onde se adicionou fertilizante orgânico, observou-se que os tratamentos nos quais foram utilizados o fertilizante Ribumin® apresentaram os menores custos de produção.

Effect of different doses of organic fertilizer (cow dung) on pond productivity and fish biomass in stillwater ponds

The effects of five (5 000, 10 000, 15 000, 20 000, 24 000 kg ha−1 year−1) different doses of organic fertilizer (cow dung) were studied on pond productivity in terms of plankton production and fish biomass in freshwater fish ponds. The grow out period was 60 days. Physico-chemical factors of pond waters were also monitored. With an increase in the fertilizer dose, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (1.7 ± 0.1 – 10.35 ± 0.05 mg L−1), O-PO4 (0.04 ± 0.0 – 0.77 ± 0.02 mg L−1) and NH4-N (0.03 ± 0.02 – 0.32 ± 0.02 mg L−1) increased significantly (P < 0.05). Alkalinity (79.0 ± 1.6 – 164.0 ± 3.8 mg L−1) also increased with the increase in fertilizer dose, declining after 60 and 75 days (48.8 ± 1.13 – 67.9 ± 2.1 mg L−1). NO3-N was maximum (1.66 ± 0.2 mg L−1) in the ponds which received cow dung at 15 000 kg ha−1 year−1, and declined (0.94 ± 0.5 mg L−1) at higher doses. Dissolved oxygen (DO) remained significantly high (4.7 mg L−1) up to the third (15 000 kg ha−1 year−1) treatment. Highest plankton population (phytoplankton 17 350.0 ± 1 250.0 no L−1), zooplankton (373.0 ± 22.0 no L−1), species diversity (phytoplankton 3.0, zooplankton 2.3), fish biomass (4.45 kg) and specific growth rate (SGR) (2.36 % body weight (BW) d−1) were also observed in ponds which were treated with fertilizer at 15 000 kg ha−1 year−1. However, at higher doses, a decline in these parameters (phytoplankton, 0.0 – 8 810.0 ± 690.0 no L−1; zooplankton, 0.0 – 205.0 ± 25.0 no L−1; fish biomass, 2.3 kg; SGR, 1.25 % body weight (BW) d−1) was observed. Furthermore, with a decrease in the water temperature from 24 °C (on day 60) to 21 °C (on day 75), a decline in nutrient release, plankton population L−1 and species diversity was observed. Sediment analysis indicated that with an increase in the fertilizer dosage, a significant and progressive increase in the accumulation of organic carbon (0.787 ± 0.006 – 0.935 ± 0.01), total nitrogen (0.877 ± 0.071 – 1.231 ± 0.03), NH4-N (54.4 ± 0.57 – 68.95 ± 0.81), NO3-N (78.5 ± 1.21 – 98.5 ± 0.35), total P (140.0 ± 0.50 – 151.0 ± 1.27) and soluble P (7.15 ± 0.18 – 10.1 ± 0.56) took place; similarly, electrical conductivity (EC) values of sediment also increased progressively (from 200.0 ± 7.1–300.0 ± 10.63 μ mhos cm−1).

Relative efficacy of different doses of organic fertilizer and supplement feed utilization under intensive fish farming

Abstract Composite fish culture experiments using different management practices were conducted. Studies showed that in a four-species (catla, labeo, mrigal and common carp) combination, the gross fish production was higher (4124–4454 kg/ha per year) in ponds treated with cow dung (here referred to as organic fertilizer) at the rate of 24 000 kg/ha per year and given supplementary feed on alternate days than in ponds treated with organic fertilizer (at 24 000 kg/ha per year) alone (which yielded 3161 kg fish/ha per year) or when given supplementary feed alone on a daily basis (3386 kg fish/ha per year). Mean fish production was also higher (3914 kg/ha per year) in the ponds treated with organic fertilizer at the rate of 15 000 kg/ha per year and given supplementary feed on alternate days than in ponds treated with organic fertilizer at the rate of 10 000 kg/ha per year but with daily feeding (3688 kg fish/ha per year). Hydrobiological factors, dissolved oxygen, pH, gross primary productivity and some nutrients (phosphates, nitrates and sulphates) remained at the optimal levels under all the treatments during the experiment period.